Overview:
Today's class introduces the foundational principles of cognitive psychology, which is the branch of
psychology that focuses on mental processes such as perception, memory, thinking, and problem-
solving. Understanding these processes is essential for comprehending human behavior and cognition.
Key Points:
1. Definition of Cognitive Psychology:
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes, including perception,
attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making.
It explores how individuals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information.
2. Theoretical Perspectives:
Information Processing Model: Views the mind as a computer-like system that processes
information through various stages, including input, processing, storage, and output.
Connectionism: Emphasizes the interconnected nature of mental processes and the
formation of neural networks through learning and experience.
Cognitive Neuroscience: Integrates cognitive psychology with neuroscience to study how
brain structures and processes underlie mental functions.
3. Key Concepts:
Perception: The process of interpreting sensory information to form a coherent mental
representation of the external world.
Attention: The ability to focus mental resources on specific stimuli or tasks while ignoring
others.
Memory: The system for encoding, storing, and retrieving information over time.
Language: The complex system of symbols and rules used for communication and
thought.
Problem-Solving: The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues using
cognitive processes such as reasoning and decision-making.
4. Experimental Methods:
Experimental Design: Researchers use controlled experiments to investigate cognitive
processes by manipulating variables and measuring their effects on behavior.
Observation: Observational studies involve observing and recording behavior in
naturalistic settings to understand cognitive processes in real-world contexts.
Neuropsychological Studies: Researchers study individuals with brain damage or
neurological disorders to understand how specific brain areas contribute to cognitive
functions.
Class Activity:
Students will participate in a group discussion exploring real-life examples of cognitive processes such as
perception, memory, and problem-solving. This activity will encourage critical thinking and application of
the concepts covered in class.
Homework:
1. Read the assigned textbook chapters on perception, attention, and memory in preparation for
the next class.
2. Reflect on personal experiences related to cognitive processes and consider how they align with
the theories discussed in class.
3. Complete the practice questions provided to reinforce understanding of key concepts.
Next Class:
In the next class, we will delve deeper into the mechanisms of memory, including different types of
memory, memory encoding and retrieval processes, and factors that influence memory performance.
Note: If you have any questions or concerns about the material covered in today's class, please feel free
to reach out during office hours or via email. Understanding the basics of cognitive psychology is
essential for building a strong foundation in the field of psychology and will be crucial for your success in
this course.
