Yougindra Naraine

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT

DRONES PRESENTATION

Name of school: Saraswati Vidya Niketan

Subject: Electronic Document Preparation and Management
Candidate’s Name: Yougindra Naraine
Centre Number: 090100
Candidate Number: 090100
Territory: Guyana
Teacher’s Name: Miss Pratima Harbansi
 CSEC EDPM SBA 2023

PRODUCTION ASSIGNMENT #3

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT PREPARATION & MANAGEMENT

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT MAY/JUNE 2023
ASSIGNMENT 3

As the world moves rapidly into a technological age, there is equipment applicable for everyone,
even to teachers in the classrooms. One such equipment is drones. Using drones in the classroom
can help students learn about their environment in real time, making subjects such as the
sciences, geography simpler. It has also aided student in increasing their productivity in the
classroom.

Let’s assume that your school is given a grant to promote technology integration to create
modern day classrooms. As students you have decided to take up the responsibility to convince
the principal to consider the implementation of drones.

Prepare a PowerPoint presentation (using no more than 15 slides) for this task. Your presentation
should include the following:

 What are drones?

 Types of drones (at least 3 types)
 How do drones work?
 The features of drones.
 Benefits and drawbacks of using drones.
 Point out how drones can be used in subjects such as Mathematics and Geography.
 Outline the use of drones in different aspects (training, entertainment).
 In one paragraph explain why your school should incorporate Drone Technology to
benefit students.
 Pictures and other formatting features can be used to enhance your presentation.

Note: Resources can include, but are not limited to books, magazines, encyclopedias and Internet
sites. Prepare a bibliography using APA guidelines.
Drones
What is a drone?
A drone is an unmanned aircraft. Drones are more formally known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or
unmanned aircraft systems. Essentially, a drone is a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously using
software-controlled flight plans in its embedded systems, that work in conjunction with onboard sensors and a global
positioning system (GPS).
Types of Drones
• Quadcopters:

Quadcopters are among the most well-liked and frequently utilized drones. They have a four-rotor design that produces lift
and enables steady flight. They are frequently used for recreational flying, aerial photography, and videography, as well as for
a few business purposes including surveillance and inspections. Quadcopters are renowned for their versatility in a variety of
situations, agility, and ease of control. They may come with top-notch cameras to take beautiful aerial pictures.

• Fixed Wing- Drones:

Just like airplanes, fixed-wing drones feature wings that are fixed, giving them a more conventional aircraft design. They can't
hover like quadcopters; they need to move forward. Fixed-wing drones are well renowned for their lengthy flight range and
high levels of efficiency. They are frequently used for projects that span vast areas, like agricultural surveys, mapping, and
wildlife monitoring. These drones are made for lengthy missions and can travel farther in a single flight.
• Hexacopters and Octocopters

Octocopters have eight rotors, whereas hexacopters only have six. In comparison to quadcopters, these multi-rotor drones
have more payload capacity, stability, and redundancy. They frequently operate in commercial and industrial settings. Because
they can transport larger cameras and sensors, hexacopters and octocopters are well suited for tasks like aerial
cinematography, industrial inspections, search and rescue missions, and even the transfer of light payloads. More stability and
control are offered in difficult situations by the additional rotors.
Common Drone Movements
Here are some of the most common drone movements and their definitions:

• Yaw – This is when the drone’s front section rotates in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction.

• Pitch – This is the tilt the drone assumes depending on the direction it’s moving. To accelerate forward, drones lower the
front section and lift the rear section. To reverse, they lift the front section and lower the rear section.

• Roll – This is the movement in which a drone moves to the left or the right.
Drone motors
This is one of the most crucial parts of the propulsion system. Batteries power the motors, causing them to rotate at
high speeds. As a result, the motors rotate the propellers, creating lift.

There are two main types of motors; brushless and brushed motors. Brushless motors are the most commonly used
because they’re efficient, durable, and can rotate at very high speeds.
What’s the difference between brushed and brushless motors? It all comes down to how they function. But before I explain the
differences, here's a definition of the main parts that differentiate them.

Stator – A stator is the section of a motor that has windings. It’s the part that provides a magnetic field, which then initiates
rotation in the rotor. To create a magnetic field, stators have windings of copper wire which turn into magnets every time a
current runs through them. In most cases, the stator is stationary.

Rotor – The rotor is the part that rotates, causing a rotation in the shaft, which then causes a rotation of the propellers.

Air Gap – This is the distance between the rotor and the stator. The larger it is, the less effective the motors will be.

Motor Bell – This is the part that causes the propellers to rotate either clockwise or counter-clockwise.
Drone propellers
The propellers have to rotate in different directions to generate lift and maintain the drone in the air. In each pair of propellers,
one is rotating clockwise, and the other one is rotating counter-clockwise.

As they rotate, they create a zone of low pressure. Air moves from low-pressure regions to high-pressure regions. That’s how
the drone is able to move up, down, forward, or backward depending on how the speeds at which the propellers rotate.
Number of propellers
Most drones have 4 propellers, and are known as quadcopters. This didn’t happen by chance or as a way to give the drones
their signature look. There’s a reason behind it. To explain it better, let’s start by assuming a drone had one propeller.

Such a drone would generate enough lift to propel the drone into the air, but it will be very difficult to control the drone since
it has no way to move forward or in reverse. Besides, the drone will continuously be rotating in the opposite direction.
Directional movement
• To hover, all motors receive equal power and rotate at the same speed.

• To move forward, the front propellers slow down, while the rear propellers increase their speed. This makes the drone pitch
forward by lowering the front part.

• To yaw, motors in a diagonal pattern will slow down, allowing the drone to rotate on an axis to the left or the right.

• To roll, the rotors on the left or the right are slowed down depending on the direction you want to roll in.
Gyroscopes
Gyroscopes are another vital feature that helps stabilize a drone. They consist of a wheel rotating on an axis. This
wheel rotates in such a way that, even if the drone tilts, it will still maintain its balance.

Drones face a wide range of forces in the air, including wind and gravity. As a result, it can become very difficult
to control the drone, especially when there are big wind gusts. Gyroscopes are designed to detect all these forces and
compensate for them, so the drone will appear unaffected.
Drone LED lights
All drones come with LED lights. And even though they can be viewed as decorations, these LED lights serve a purpose. In
most cases, they are used to inform you of the status of the drone. Below are the main ones and what they mean.

• Red could mean low battery levels, IMU or other system errors, RTH mode, or agility mode.

• Green is also a common color that often shows the battery levels are suitable for taking off or for showing that the GPS has
connected to enough satellites.

• White – White colored LEDs may mean a poor GPS connection or lack thereof, or that the transmitter is off.

• Blue – Blue can mean Blind Mode or Stability Mode.

• Orange/Yellow – These colors can mean a poor GPS connection or poor compass calibration that needs to be rectified.

• Purple – This color is used to show Return to Home or Follow-Me modes are working. But if it’s blinking, it may mean
there’s an issue with these modes. It is also used to signify AP Mode in some drones.
Use of drones in mathematics and
geography
Use in Mathematics:

• High-resolution aerial photos taken by drones can be used for calculations and geometric analysis. They offer practical
applications for ideas like trigonometry and geometry by helping to calculate distances, areas, and angles.

• Data visualization: Students can investigate mathematical ideas related to spatial relationships and geometry by using
drone-captured data to generate 3D models and visualizations of geographical features.

• Statistics: Data on many environmental characteristics can be gathered by drones carrying sensors. Students can utilize this
data for statistical analysis to learn about topics like probability, hypothesis testing, and data analysis.
Use in Geography:

• In cartography, drones are an excellent tool for creating detailed maps and updating outdated ones. They provide high-
resolution imagery that supports the teaching of scale, projection, and the creation of precise maps to students.

• Students studying geography can use drone field surveys to collect data on geographic features including rivers, forests,
and landforms. This hands-on learning enhances their understanding of geographic ideas
Benefits and drawbacks of drones
Benefits of Drone Use:

• Drones are effective tools for aerial surveillance and monitoring. For a variety of uses, including search and rescue, law
enforcement, and catastrophe assessment, they can offer real-time video and pictures.

• Aerial Photography and Videography: Stunning aerial photos and footage that was previously challenging or expensive to
capture are now easily obtained thanks to drones outfitted with high-quality cameras.

• Agriculture: Using drones equipped with specialized sensors, farmers may more effectively and sustainably monitor crop
health, improve irrigation, and determine when pesticides and fertilizers are needed.
Drawbacks of Drone use:
• Drones can intrude privacy by taking pictures and videos without permission. Concerns around surveillance, data privacy,
and potential abuse have arisen as a result.
• Regulations: The rise of drones has prompted questions about regulations and safety. To protect safety and security, many
nations have put tight laws and guidelines for drone use in place.
• Safety Risks: When used carelessly, drones might be a safety concern. Accidents and injuries can happen when an aircraft
collides with a building, a person, or another aircraft.
• Limited Battery Life: Due to battery limitations, the majority of drones have short flight times, which might be a problem
for some applications that call for long flying times.
THIS IS THE END OF THIS PRESENTATION
Hope you enjoyed
!!!
☺
 Bibliography
Sam Daley, March 23,2023, Drone Technology: What is a Drone?, Buitin,
https://builtin.com/drones