Assignment # 01
Course Name Discrete Structures (SE103T)
Course Instructor Mr. Abdul Basit
Semester Spring 2024
Teaching Assistant Harmain Asghar
Student Name
Student Roll No
CLOs Descriptions
1 Analyze mathematical arguments using propositional logic and rules of inference.
2 Apply set operations build sequences and compute summations.
Solve various computing problem using combinatorics, graphs and trees.
3
Marks Distribution
Q1/15 Q2/18 Q3/10 Q4/22 Q5/10 Q6/25 Total/100
CLO-1 CLO-1 CLO-1 CLO-1 CLO-1 CLO-1
Instructions:
1. This assignment will access your CLO-1 as per OBE.
2. Assignment will be accepted in both form hand written and soft form (both are
mandatory).
3. All questions are required to be solved to get full marks.
4. You need to print the first page of the assignment and attach it on the front of your
submission.
5. Solution of questions should be neat and precise otherwise will be marked direct zero.
6. In case of plagiarism, both parties will get zero marks in two assignments.
7. Consult the textbook for reference and help. Do not copy any content from the book
without referring to it.
Question: 01 [5+5+5]
a. Prove that the statements ¬ (P→Q) and P ˄ ¬Q are logically equivalent without using
truth tables.
b. Prove (p ∧ q) → (p ∨ q) ≡ T.
c. According to propositional logic is the following a tautology, a contradiction or a
contingent? Proof by using table ¬(A ˄ (¬B))↔(A→B).
Question: 02 [6+6+6]
a. Show that ¬ (p ↔ q) and p ↔ ¬q are logically equivalent.
b. Show that each conditional statement is a tautology without using truth table.
(p ∧ q) → (p → q).
c. According to propositional logic is the following a tautology, a contradiction or a
contingent? Proof by using truth table.
¬ (A∧(¬B))↔(A→B)
Question: 03 [5+5]
Show that the following are tautologies:
a. (a) P V (~P).
b. (b) (P V q) V [(~p) ˄ (~q)].
Question: 04 [12+10]
1. Make a truth table for the statement
a. (P∨Q) → (P∧Q).
b. ~ (p ˄ q) ˄ (~r).
2. Determine whether these bio-conditional are true or false (T stands for a tautology & F stands
for a contradiction)?
a. p ∨ T
b. F ∧ p
c. ̅ ∨ F
d. 2+2=4 if and only if 1+1=2
e. 1+1=3 if and only moneys can fly.
Question: 05 [2+2+2+2+2]
What is negation of each of these propositions?
a. One Plus smartphone has at least 32GB of memory. ”
b. Every student in your class has taken a course in calculus.
c. There is a student in this class who has taken a course in calculus.
d. The summer is Maine is hot and summer.
e. There are 13 items in a baker’s dozen.
Question: 06 [8+12+5]
1. Evaluate each of these expressions.
a. 1 1000 ∧ (0 1011 ∨ 1 1011).
b. (0 1111 ∧ 10101) ∨ 0 1000.
c. (0 1010 ⊕ 1 1011) ⊕ 0 1000.
d. (1 1011 ∨ 0 1010) ∧ (1 0001 ∨ 1 1011).
2. Construct a combinational circuit using inverters, OR gates, and AND gates that produces
the output ( p ∧ ~r) V (~q ∧ r ) from input bits p, q, and r.
3. How can this English sentence be translated into a logical expression?
“You can’t ride the roller coaster if you are under four feet tall unless you are older than 16
years old.”
