WRITING LESSON 4
Lesson focus Describe a process
I. TYPES OF PROCESS
Natural process/ life cycle
Artificial/ Industrial process
Examples:
The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisions where relevant.
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The diagram below shows the process of producing cloth and clothes from cotton.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
II. STRATEGY AND STRUCTURE
1. Planning
- Determine the topic
The topic of the diagram is expressed in the…………………of the diagram and
the ………………….in the task.
- Make notes about details
Identify:
How many steps the process has?
What happens at each step of the process?
The order in which the steps happen?
Or:
The differences between before and after pictures.
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Exercise 1:
Title:…………………………………………………………………………………………
Description: ………………………………………………………………………………...
Details:
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2. Writing
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Paraphrase the topic of the task
Example:
Introduction
The diagram presents the steps for making raisins
from grapes.
Summarise the process by mentioning the number
of steps it involves, and how the process begins
and ends.
Example:
It takes five main steps to go from an apple on
a tree to applesauce we can buy in a store.
Overview
Overall, it is obvious that there are ten
stages in this process, initiating with the used
glass bottles being collected from the
customers and culminating with the final
products being packed and sold to global
consumption.
Body Describe each step/ stage in detail.
III. LANGUAGE
*Structures for introduction and overview
- The diagram illustrates the production/ manufacture of …
- The diagram describes the process of producing/ making/ manufacturing …
- The diagram describes how to produce/make/manufacture…
- In general, there are…steps/stages in…
- Overall, the process/ life cycle involves/ is made up of/ is comprised of …. main
steps/stages beginning with………and finishing with……..
*Use Passive Voice
A Task 1 diagram shows actions. It doesn't usually show the person performing the actions.
When you don't know who or what performs an action, use passive voice. The tense is
present tense.
E.g. The apples are harvested.
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*Staging and sequencing
Event after Two events One event
First event Last event
event together before another
To begin After this,… At the same Before this, Finally,
with, … Following stage, Previously, Lastly,
Initially, … this,… Simultaneously, Prior to this, Eventually,
The first stage Next,… As/ when/ while Earlier, The process
/step is … Then,… this happens, … finishes/
At the outset of Subsequently,… During this concludes
the process, … The next step step,… with …
The process is … In the last
begins with… In the next stage, …
The process stage,… The last step
commences In the following is …
with… stage,… In the end,…
Exercise 2: Look at the diagram and complete the passage using the words in the box.
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IV. PRACTICE
Practice 1
The diagram below shows how avocado oil is extracted.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
EXTRACTION OF AVOCADO OIL
Introduction
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Overview
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Body 1
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Body 2:
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Practice 2
Introduction
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Overview
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Body 1
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Body 2
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Model essay
The diagram illustrates the process by which geothermal energy is converted into electricity.
In general, it can be seen that there are five main stages of the process and these stages take
place both under and above the ground level.
The process of generating electricity using geothermal energy starts by storing cold water in
a tank. The cold water is then pumped down under the ground through a large pipe, which
measures 4.5 kilometer in length, into an injection well. Once cold water reaches the
injection well, it keeps flowing through the geothermal zone, where hot rocks are used to
raise the temperature.
At the following stage of the process, heated water is pumped up from the production well
into a large condenser, where hot water is transformed into steam. Next, the steam serves a
function of powering and rotating a turbine. A generator is then powered by this turbine and
subsequently produces electricity. Finally, generated electricity is sent to the electricity
tower.
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Practice 3
The diagram below shows one way of manufacturing ceramic pots.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisions where relevant.
- Ceramic (n): gốm
- Mine (v): khai thác
- Bake = fire (v): nung để cứng lại
- Kiln (n): lò nung
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Practice 4
The diagram below shows how instant noodles are manufactured.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
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