global anglès

1.
2. FUTURE FORMS
● Be going to + infinitive: future plans or intentions (will probably do)
future predictions, based on evidence
● Present continuous: to talk about a future arrangement (has been decided)
● Present simple: timetables
● Will + infinitive: -offers -promises -warnings
-general predictions about the future based on opinion
-spontaneous decision
● Future continuous: an action will be in progress at a certain time in the future (will be +
V-ing)
● Future perfect: to talk about an action that will be completed in a certain tie in the future
(will have + V past participle (tercera columna))<

3. RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining Non defining

-Essential information -Non essential information

-”that” -Use commas
-We can omit the relative pronoun -x that x omit pronoun

Defining Non defining

People what/that who

Objects which/that which

Possessive whose whose

Place where where

Time when/that when

 4. Connectors
Connectors of Addition
A) BESIDES – MOREOVER – FURTHERMORE – IN ADDITION- WHAT’S MORE
(= a més a més) FOLLOWED BY a sentence.
EX → I’m too busy to take a holiday. Besides / Moreover …, I don’t have the money
B) IN ADDITION TO – BESIDES – AS WELL AS (= a més a més de)
FOLLOWED BY a noun phrase (noun or gerund).
EX → In addition to / besides English, we learn French. The town has several sports centers as well
as a football stadium
C) ALSO – TOO – AS WELL (= també)
EX → I also like French (placed before the main verb or after the verb ‘to be’) I like French too / as
well (placed at the end of a sentence)

Connectors of contrast
A) BUT - YET (= però)

FOLLOWED BY an adjective, noun phrase or sentence.

EX → The book is short but / yet interesting / The book is short, but / yet it’s interesting.

B) IN SPITE OF - DESPITE (= malgrat)

FOLLOWED BY a noun phrase (often including a gerund)

EX → She didn’t pass the exam despite / in spite of studying hard. Despite / in spite of the bad
weather, we went sailing.

C) ALTHOUGH - THOUGH - EVEN THOUGH – IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT (= encara

que, tot i que, malgrat el fet que)
FOLLOWED BY a sentence.

EX → She didn’t take a coat although / even though ... it was cold.

D) WHILE – WHEREAS (= mentre que)

FOLLOWED BY a sentence

EX → This restaurant has a good reputation, while / whereas that one does not.

E) HOWEVER – NEVERTHELESS – EVEN SO (= no obstant això)

FOLLOWED BY a comma and then by a complete sentence.

EX → He was very rude. However / Nevertheless / Even so, we forgave him.

Contrast Connectors
● Whereas - mentre que
● Nevertheless - no obstant
● Although - encara que (davant de frase)(90%)
● However, - tot i això (davant de frase) (90%)
● Despite - malgrat (entre frases) (90%)
● Despite the fact that - malgrat el fet que (sol anar davant)
● In spite of - malgrat (principi frase)
● On the other hand, - d’altre banda (davant de frase) (90%)
● Even though - encara que (entre frases) (90%)

5. REPORTED SPEECH
We change:
1. THE VERB
● Present simple (works) → Past Simple (worked)
● Past Simple (worked) → Past Perfect (had worked)
● Present Continuous (is working) → Past Continuous (was working)
● Past Continuous (was working) → Past Perfect Continuous (had been working)
● Present Perfect Simple (has worked) → Past Perfect (had worked)
● Present Perfect Continuous (has been working) → Past Perfect Continuous (had been
working)
● Past Perfect Continuous (had been working) → no change

Change in modals
● Can → Could
● May → Might
● Must i have to → Must had to
● Will → Would

Reporting Verbs (Structure)

● Verb + that + sentence → Say, Complain, Explain, Admit, Agree, Deny and Announce.
● Verb + object + that + sentence → Tell, Promise, Warn and Advise
● Verb + infinitive → Offer, Promise, Refuse, Agree and Threaten
● Verb + object + infinitive → Tell, Ask, Recommend, Order, Remind, Invite, Warn and Advise
 ● Verb + gerund → Recommend, Suggest, Insist on, Admit, Apologize for, Deny, Object to and
Complain about
● Verb + object + gerund → Accuse someone of and Congratulate someone on

2. THE PRONOUNS +
● l/you→he/she
● We/you→they
● Me/you→him/her
● Us/you→them
● My/your→his/her
● • our/your→their
● •Mine/yours→theirs

3. TIME EXPRESSIONS AND OTHER WORDS

● Now → Then
● Today → That day
● Tonight → That night
● Yesterday → The previous day/ The day before
● Last Week → The previous week/ The week before
● A month ago → The previous month/ The month before
● Tomorrow → The following day/ The day after/ The next day
● Next Week → The following week/ The day week/ The next week
● Here → There
● This → That
● These → Those

5. THE PASSIVE
We use the passive to change the focus of the sentence. We emphasize the verb and the object.
The object of the active becomes the subject of the passive.
The object of the passive becomes tha agent, which is placed at the end of the sentence (always
introduced by BY) or it disappears.
The verb: TO BE(takes the grammar info) + PAST PERFECT(takes the meaning)

Verbs with two objects:

● The doctor gave my grandma the good news

The good news were given to my grandma by the doctor
 *My grandma was given the good news tb the doctor

● The shop assistance offered a discount to Maria

-Report facts ( or not )

- I think the sky is blue (my opinion)
- It is known that the sky is blue (it’s a general fact)
-The sky is known to be blue
- It is hoped that he will be ok
- He is hoped to be ok
- It is known that the criminal scaped
-The criminal is believed to have scaped
- It is thought that chocolate is delicious

The causative ( HAVE something DONE)

-I had my hair cut
-My neighbors are having their house redecorated
-Jana will have her car repaired tomorrow morning
-The school has had many computers delivered lately.

6. CONDITIONALS
Condition (IF) + Result

- 0 Conditional (general facts/truths)

IF + present simple, present simple

If we work together, things are easier.

- 1st Conditional (possible future situation + their result)

IF + present simple, WILL + INF

If he doesn’t contact you, I’ll call him.

- 2nd Conditional (imaginary situations in the present + their imaginary result)

IF + past simple, WOULD + INF

If I study at university, I’d have a more relaxed life.

If I were you, I wouldn’t buy such a cheap jacket.

- 3rd Conditional (Imaginary situations in the past + their imaginary result)

 IF + past perfect, WOULD HAVE + past participle

If you had listened to your friend, you would have understood his reasons.

MIXED CONDITIONALS:

(3rd conditional + 2nd conditional) An unreal/imaginary situation in the past + an imaginary result
in the present. A change in the past, would have a different result in the present.

If I had bought the same lottery number as always, I would be rich.

(2nd conditional + 3rd conditional) An unreal/imaginary condition in the present + the imaginary
result in the past. A different situation in the present would mean that the past would have been
different.

If you paid attention in class, you wouldn’t have done the extra exercises which were voluntary.

7. MODAL VERBS
Add extra meaning to the main verb (possibility, advice, ability, obligation…). Are always followed
by the infinitive without to (bare infinitive). Are invariable (except semi-modals).
Never use two modal verbs together // Never use auxiliaries (do/don’t) with modal verbs.
ABILITY Can/can’t / Be able to / Could/couldn’t (general abilities in the past) I could play the piano /
Managed to (specific ability in the past) When I was a kid, I once managed to dive the whole
swimming pool.
PERMISSION (can, can’t, may, be allowed to)
PROHIBITION (can’t, mustn't, couldn’t, be allowed to)
OBLIGATION (must, have to, need to)
LACK OF OBLIGATION (don’t have to, don’t need to, needn’t)
ADVICE (should/shouldn’t, ought to/ought not to/oughtn’t to, had better/had better not)
POSSIBILITY & DEDUCTION (may, might, could, can’t and must (90% sure))

MODAL PERFECTS (MODAL + have + P.P)

-must have + p.p. (100% sure past)
-may/might have + p.p. (possibility past)
-can’t have + p.p. (100% sure it’s impossible past)
-could have + p.p. (to talk about an alternative past)
-should have + p.p. (I wish sth had happened but it didn’t)
-shouldn’t have + p.p. (I wish sth hadn’t happened but it did)
8. GERUNDS - INFINITIVES

The use of gerunds

1. As a subject of a sentence
e.g. Punishing children isn’t the best solution

2. After a preposition (Before, after, without, by, of, for, at, about, etc.)
e.g. Everyone was excited about going home
After studying economics at the university, he got a job abroad

3. After the following expressions:

It’s no good can’t help spend time feel like

it’s no use can’t stand (+ obj) have fun don’t mind
it’s not worth can’t bear have a good time would mind
it’s a waste of time be / get used to have trouble
there’s no point look forward to have difficulty

e.g. I can’t stand people telling me what to do while I’m driving

Would you mind waiting a moment?

4. After these verbs:

admint delay hate postpone allow begin like

appreciate deny imagine practise advise start love
avoid dislike involve risk recommend continue prefer
celebrate enjoy keep suggest permit hate
consider finish miss

e.g. I enjoy writing letters / I gave up smoking two months ago

People started leaving = People started to leave
BUT People are starting leaving ❌→ people are starting to leave✅ (we can’t have two gerunds
together)
They allow fishing here They allow PEOPLE to fish here
He likes skiing (= enjoy) I like to check my work carefully (= think wise or right)
I love swimming Tom WOULD love to have his own flat
 The use of infinitives
1. To indicate purpose (= To explain why we do something)
e.g. I’ve just gone running (in order) to get some exercise

2. Following some adjectives and adverbs.

Adjectives: Busy, happy, tired, ready, easy Adverbs: slowly, fast, low, high
e.g. He was happy to see us

3. With TOO and ENOUGH

e.g. I’m too tired to go out / He isn’t good enough to make the national team

4. Following the verbs:

afford choose offer like begin

agree decide plan would like start
aim expect pretend would love continue
appear fail promise would hate
arrange hope refuse would prefer
attempt intend seem
bother learn be supposed
claim manage wish
e.g. I hope to learn from his advice

5. Following the indirect object (= sb) of the verbs:

Allow sb Recommend sb tell sb want sb

Permit sb Encourage sb warn (sb) teach sb
Advise sb Invite sb persuade sb help sb
e.g. They allow PEOPLE to fish here
She persuaded them to join the team
She wanted me to read the book
I helped him find his things (more formal: I helped him (to) find his things)

6. LET and MAKE are followed by infinitive without TO

e.g. My parents don’t let me stay out late
VOCABULARY
UNIT 1

Language and communications

● Meanings
● Translations
● Expressions
● Fluently
● Bilingual
● False friend→Paraula que s’assembla molt a una altre llengua però diferent significat
● Discussion
● Dialogue
● Native speakers
● Second language
● Idioms
● Proverbs→frase feta
● Synonym
● Slang→paraulota
● Accent
● Cognates→ Dos paraules que s'escriuen semblant en dues llengües diferents i que volen dir el
mateix
● Argument
● Comment on
● Mother tongue

Feelings

● Isolation ● Isolated ● Aïllament

● Sadness ● Sad ● Tristesa
● Frustration ● Frustrating ● Frustració
● Delight ● Delighted ● Encant
● Affection ● Affected ● Afecte
● Empathy ● Empathetic ● Empatia
● Annoyance ● Annoying ● Molest
● Boredom ● Bored ● Avorrit
● Confusion ● Confusing ● Confús
● Embarrassment ● Embarrassing ● Vergonyós
● Enthusiasm ● Enthusiastic ● Entusiasta
● Hope ● Hopeful ● Esperança
 ● Jealousy ● Jealous ● Jelos
● Relief ● Relieved ● Alleujat

Phone life

● Charger
● Cut off →Tallar-se.
● Emoji
● Follow
● Functions
● Get through → Contactar, comunicar-se amb…
● Instant messaging
● Lose signal
● Offline
● On speakerphone
● Plug in
● Predictive Texting
● Ringtone
● Run out battery
● Spam
● Stream
● Swipe
● Tag somebody

UNIT 2
● Active ● Ended up
● Sedentary ● Go ahead
● Moderate ● Keep track of
● Motivate ● Work out
● Signed up to ● Come up with
● Take part in ● Taking over
● Wellbeing ● Set a goal
● Drop out of ● Positive focus
● Competitive ● Enrol
● Sporty ● Get your heart rate up
● Get through to ● Get in shape
● Championship ● Keep-fit
● Trophy ● Immunity
● Teammates ● Take up
● Events ● Training
● Spectators ● Stretch
● Cheer ● Cut out
● Balanced ● Be mindful
● Aerobics ● Gain perspective
 ● Boo off ● Take care of
● Participant ● Rested
● Substitute ● Take a “power nap”
● Hydrated

UNIT 3
Word Meaning Word Meaning

Biodegradable Biodegradable Incinerate Incinerar

Break down Descomposar, trencar-se Landfill sites Abocador (vertedero)

Carbon footprint Impacte ecològic Packaging Embalatge

Clean up Netejar Recycling Reciclar

Compost Compost (abono) Reuses Reutilitzar

Contaminate Contaminar Sustainable Sostenible

Disposed of Desfer-se Toxic Toxic

Dumped Llençar / tirar Zero-waste Reduir a zero els

desperdicis

Compostable Adobable Renewable Renovable

Disposable D’un sol ús Wasteful Desperdici

Environmental Ambiental

IDIOM MEANING

A rule of thumb A practical and approximate way of doing or

measuring something

The tip of the iceberg The small part of a much larger situation or
problem that remains hidden

Keep an eye out To hope to see or find (someone or something)

Be in safe hands Protected by or in the care of someone

trustworthy.

Give it the time of day To acknowledge someone; to give someone

respect or attention; to tip one's hat.
Don’t judge a book by it’s cover You shouldn't judge someone or something
based only on what you see on the outside or
only on what you perceive without knowing the
full situation.

Word Meaning Word Meaning

Bargain Xollo Pay in cash Pagar en efectiu

Boutique Botiga de roba Pay by credit card Pagar amb targeta

Brand Marca Purchase Compra / comprar

Browse Mirar per sobre els Refund Reembolso

articles

Cashier Caixer Review Review

Changing room Canviador Sales Rebaixes

Charity shop Botiga de caritat, Second-hand Segona mà

segona mà

Exchange Intercanviar Sweatshop Fàbrica explotadora

Influencer Influencer Try on (clothes) Probar-se roba

Online store Botiga online Try out (an activity) Probar una activitat

Order Ordenar

UNIT 4
Humanity
Word Meaning Word Meaning

employment feina healthcare system sistema de salut

minority group grup minoritari citizens ciutadans

gender genere mental health issue problema de salut

mental

racial discrimination discriminació racista neighbourhood barri

segregation segregació animal rights drets dels animals

authorities autoritats wealth riquesa

welfare state estat de benestar child poverty pobresa infantil

 Phrasal verb Meaning

run away escape

set off start a journey

set up create something

calm someone down begin to feel less emotional

dealt with take action to solve a problem

come across find something by chance

bring someone back return something

stick together remain close and support each other

Adjective Noun

mature maturity (adj/N + -ity)

fair fairness (adj + -ness)

friend friendship (N + -ship)

entertain entertainment (V + -ment)

appear appearance (V/adj + -ance/-ence)

supervise supervision (V + -ion/-tion/-ation)

brave bravery (Adj/N + -ery)

survive survival (V + -al)

Crime and justice

Word Meaning Word Meaning

shoplifting robatori prosecutors fiscals

vandalism vandalisme criminal criminal

theft robatori defendant acusat

criminal record antecedents penals on trial en proces(de ser

jutjat)
 community service servei comunitari victim víctima

therapy programme programa de terapia judge jutge

young offenders joves delinqüents sentence sentencia

paying a fine pagant una multa

UNIT 5
Clothes and accessories
Word Meaning Word Meaning

accessory = piercing =

casual = plain plana

chunky gruixut sportswear roba esportiva

elegant = striped ratllada

fitted encaixat, a mida stylish elegant

high heels talons alts tattoo =

loose-fitting ample, no encaixa vintage =

low-waisted cintura baixa patterned estampat

Compound adjectives
Word Meaning Word Meaning

average-sized de mida mitjana middle-aged mitjana edat

badly dressed mal vestit natural-looking d’especte natural

brightly coloured colors vius scruffy-looking d’especte

desordenat

clean-shaven afaitat net shoulder-length mida de les

espatlles

dark-haired pèl fosc smartly dressed vestir de forma

elegant

fast-thinking de pensament ràpid sporty-looking d’especte esportiu

friendly looking aspecte amable time-saving estalvi de temps

full-length de longitud well-dressed ben vestit

completa

heavily built fortament constrit widely recognized àmpliament

reconegut
 loose-fitting ample

Collocations
Collocation Meaning

have a look fer una ullada

take advantage of something aprofitar-se d’algo

do business fer negocis

give something a go intentar alguna cosa

make sense tenir lògica

reach a decision prendre una decisió