1. Developmentalists suggest that could be the cause for ADHD.

a. Neurological differences
b. Poor parenting
c. Substance abuse during pregnancy
d. Low IQ of parents
2. The systematic and explicit phonics instruction of an effective reading program must
include .
a. moving from simple to multiple letter-sound correspondences and include
intentional teaching
b. moving beyond basic phonics
c. oral reading fluency
d. guiding children to become good writers
3. Freud’s Phallic stage of psycho sexual development is parallel to Erikson’s
stages of development?
a. Play age
b. Early Childhood
c. Infancy
d. Old age
4. Many children who grew up in neighborhoods with street violence, gang activity, and
overcrowded homes suffer from which of the following?
a. Posttraumatic stress disorder
b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
d. Panic disorder
5. Which of the following is a preschooler’s characterization of a friend?
a. He always prefers my company to others.
b. He prefers to play with me during the break.
c. He cheers me up when I am upset.
d. He goes to the same school as I do.
6. What is the shift in thinking that takes place in adolescents?
a. Formal operations to systematic problem solving
b. Concrete operational to formal operational
c. Hypothetico-deductive to concrete reasoning
d. Naïve idealism to personal fable
7. Which of the following statements best summarizes the research as to the causes
of homosexuality?*
a. Genetics plays a strong role in the development of sexual orientation.
b. Homosexual behaviors are a matter of choice.
c. The majority of teens who identify as homosexual report having been sexually
abused as children.
d. The research does not clearly point to either genetics or environment, but rather
indicates that sexual orientation is a result of both genetic and environmental factors.
8. Which of the following is likely to be true of social interactions in early
adolescence?*
 a. Adolescents who don’t belong to a clique or a crowd tend to date more
frequently.
b. Mutual friendships and dating pairs become more important than cliques or
crowds.
c. Young teens prefer same-sex friends.
d. Belonging to a clique of high status becomes more important.
9. Nikka’s toys was taken from her by her parents for fighting with her sister. This is
an example of
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. positive punishment
d. negative punishment
10. The teacher provides a pop quiz in her class any time she wants, what time of
reinforcement schedule is this?
a. fixed-interval
b. variable-interval
c. fixed-ratio
d. variable-ratio
11. The adoption of the lifespan perspective shows that a key element is the capacity of all
individuals of all ages to show positive change in response to environmental demands.
This is known as
a. Maturation
b. Plasticity
c. Innateness
d. Expectancy
12. A researcher wants to study how exposure to toxic chemicals affects a
developing human fetus. Which type of research would be best suited for this in terms
of both methodology and research ethics?
a. Case study
b. Quasi-experimentation
c. Naturalistic experimentation
d. This is not possible because it is unethical.
13. Which if the following best describe the ideas of the philosopher Jean-Jacques
Rousseau about human development?*
a. It is the result of an individual’s efforts to overcome inborn tendency toward
selfishness.
b. It involves an individual’s effort to fulfill his or her inborn potential.
c. Environmental influences determine its outcome.
d. It follows the same course as human evolution.
14. According to Erikson, what should be done to resolve initiative versus guilt of
children?
a. Encourage them to carry out dressing, toileting, and eating by themselves.
b. Provide opportunities to interact with peers and form friendships.
c. Support and encourage them to acquire the right culturally valued skills.
d. Help them resolve their confusion about the various roles they play.
15. Which of the following is true of research examining children’s memories?
a. Vygotzky’s concept of the zone of proximal development is applicable only to the
memory of infants.
b. Piaget overestimated the memory abilities of younger children.
c. Younger children’s short-term memories are more limited in capacity than those of
younger children.
d. Older children’s sensory memories are more fully developed than those of
younger children.
16. This learning theory is a basis of many useful strategies for managing and
changing human behavior. However, the theory ignores hereditary, cognitive, emotional
and social factors in development.
a. Classical conditioning
b. Operant conditioning
c. Social learning theory
d. Cognitive-Developmental Theory
17. A child’s father has type AB blood, and his mother has type O. Which statement
is true about the child’s phenotype for blood type?
a. It could either be A, B, or O.
b. It is definitely type AB.
c. It could either A or B.
d. Cannot be predicted from the information given.
18. When Rene was born, the hospital assessed his health with the Apgar scale, and the score
was 5. What does this mean with respect to his breathing pattern?
a. He was in no danger.
b. He needed help in establishing a breathing pattern.
c. His chances of surviving were 50%.
d. He was in a critical condition.
19. When researchers have examined the relationship between maternal emotions and
prenatal development, the most consistent finding has been that
a. There is no link between maternal emotions and the development of the infant.
b. Infants whose mothers were anxious or depressed are more likely to be anxious or
depressed as adults.
c. Stressful psychological states, such as anxiety or depression, lead to
spontaneous abortion or fetal death
d. Fetuses of severely distressed mothers tend to grow more slowly.
20. Which statement is true regarding an infant’s ability to recognize voices?
a. Newborns cannot discriminate between individual voices.
b. Newborns can recognize only their mother’s and father’s voices.
c. It appears that ‘in utero’ learning assists newborns in their ability to recognize
voices.
d. Premature infants are equally good in recognizing voice.
21. The synaptogenesis/pruning cycle increases the of the infant’s
brain.*
a. efficiency
b. complexity
 c. responsiveness
d. plasticity
22. In the preadolescence stage, it is defined as taking genuine interest with another person.
a. Lust
b. Chumship
c. Clique
d. Playmate
23. Which statement about experience and motor skill development is true?*
a. Infants who are deprived of opportunities for movement develop motor skills more
slowly.
b. Infants who watch their older siblings or parents demonstrate motor skills
develop more rapidly.
c. There is no correlation between experience and motor skill development.
d. Special instructional programs can speed up motor skill development.
24. In Piaget’s view, the simple repetitive actions that babies perform in substage 2 of the
sensorimotor period are called .*
a. Reflexes
b. Primary circular reactions
c. Secondary circular reactions
d. Means-end behavior
25. In an experiment, a researcher finds that infants given sweet liquids suck more rapidly
than infants who are given non-sweet liquids. This demonstrates that infant learning is
influenced by .*
a. Delayed gratification
b. Observational learning
c. Classical conditioning
d. Operant conditioning
26. According to Freud, what is the basis of infant-caregiver attachment?*
a. Infant-caregiver physical contact
b. Nursing followed by balanced weaning
c. The mother’s unconscious drives
d. Caregiver responses to infants’ needs
27. Which of these statements is one of the difficulties involved in studying the
effects of nonparental care?*
a. Most children experience several different kinds of nonparental care
b. Most parents who enroll their children in nonparental care have similar goals and
expectations.
c. There are no appropriate control groups.
d. Few children are cared for by relatives, making it difficult to study the particular type
of nonparental care.
28. Which among the following is an example of Erikson’s view of integrity?
a. Jean, age 72, thinks she made a valuable contribution to the medical field.
b. Joy, age 60, regrets never having children and is looking for a meaning to her life.
 c. Jose, age 68, struggles with his health, but is optimistic that he will recover and to
return to live normally.
d. Nicole, age 71, is content living in a home for the aged facility and remains active in
various social activities.
29. Kaye, (8yrs old) has a difficult time making friends, and has trouble completing
school works and as a result, she receives little positive feedback from her parents and
teachers. According to Erikson’s Theory, failure at this stage of development results
in*
a. feelings of inferiority
b. poor sense of self
c. sense of guilt
d. mistrust
30. Shane, a preschooler, became terrified with a toy that moved when wound up, and
believed that it would bit her. This type of thought is called
.
*
a. Centration
b. Conservation
c. Egocentrism
d. Reversibility
31. Understanding of reciprocal nature happens at the ages of .*
a. 2 to 4 years
b. 4 to 5 years
c. 5 to 7 years
d. 7 to 9 years
32. Which of the following is a behavior seen in the parents of children with high IQ?*
a. Buying educational toys for children
b. Talking to children often
c. Encouraging children to acquire academic skills such as recitation of the
alphabet
d. Using computer games as part of their teaching repertoire
33. Timmy is about 5 years old. He uses new words in his conversation every day to refer to
real-world objects, and looks at his mother for acknowledgement or correction. This
ability to link words and objects rapidly is .*
a. Grammar explosion
b. Private speech
c. Fast-mapping
d. Overregularization
34. Which of the following statements can be classified as an attribution?*
a. You are a good child!
b. Don’t be selfish, go and help others!
c. If you don’t help others, God will punish you!
d. You are such a lovely, helpful child!
35. Sheryl’s bed time when she was younger was 8:00 pm but whenever Sheryl wanted to
extend her play time at night, she can. Growing up, she grew slightly worse in school
during adolescence and has been quite aggressive. She has
 also been somewhat immature in her behavior with peers and in school. Sheryl
grew up with parents.*
a. authoritative
b. authoritarian
c. permissive
d. neglectful
36. When Irene turned two years old, she was already able to identify people as men
or women, boys or girls. In children’s understanding of gender, this is the first
stage.*
a. Gender identity
b. Gender stability
c. Gender constancy
d. Gender orientation
37. What are the three (3) major domains of Development?*
a. Cognitive Development, Physical Development, Sociocultural Development
b. Cognitive Development, Psychosocial Development, Sociocultural Development
c. Cognitive Development, Physical Development, Psychosocial Development
d. none of the above
38. Which of the following persons is most likely to deal effectively with on-the-job
stress?*
a. Melanie, who is high in extraversion and conscientiousness
b. Jose, who is low in conscientiousness
c. Micheal, who is high in agreeableness and neuroticism
d. Marilyn, who is low in openness and extraversion
39. An increase in life expectancy has caused one aspect of family life to change.
Which of the following best illustrates this change?*
a. Adults are likely to spend more years caring for both younger and older
generations in their family.
b. Adults spend fewer years in occupational roles and therefore have more time to spend
with their family.
c. Multigeneration families are much rarer than was true a generation ago.
d. Parents have more children, and the average family size is larger than ever before
in history.
40. Which of the following best describes the nature of friendship in middle
adulthood?*
a. The need for a social network increases across midlife.
b. The social circle is smaller, but the friendships are as intimate and close as at earlier
ages.
c. Adults have more friends in midlife than at any other point in adulthood.
d. The increased role strain and role conflict of middle adulthood require additional
emotional support from friends outside the family.
41. This is a stage when infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory
experiences and manipulating objects*
a. preoperational stage
b. concrete operational stage
 c. sensorimotor stage
d. formal operational stage
42. The most chronic health conditions of old age are followed by
.*
a. Diabetes; heart disease
b. Hypertension; arthritis
c. Heart disease; arthritis
d. Diabetes; asthma
43. Which aspect of memory is not the same for younger and older adults?*
a. Recognition is easier than recall
b. Tasks requiring speed are more difficult
c. Time taken and number of errors in memory tests
d. Accuracy on memory tests
44. Which of these statements explains Development is multidirectional?
a. Each person develops within multiple contexts - circumstances or conditions
defined in part by maturation and in part by time and place.
b. As people gain in one area, they may lose in another, sometimes at the same time.
c. Individuals choose to invest their time, energy, talent, money, and social support in
varying ways.
d. The balance between biology and culture influences changes.
45. Which of the following is true regarding the positive effects of marriage on
physical and psychological functioning of older adults?*
a. They occur among both women and men but are generally greater for men than women.
b. They are greater for women than for men.
c. They exist for men, but there are no benefits for older women.
d. Those that were seen in early and middle adulthood have largely disappeared by late
adulthood.
46. In which case is an older adult more likely to decide to live with an adult child than
staying independently?*
a. Cathy, who has a problem of declining eyesight.
b. Sheila, who has a substantial income from her husband’s thrust fund.
c. Rona, who has three sons who are all unmarried.
d. Mary and her husband, who like traveling to new places, but find they cannot
manage day to day affairs easily.
47. It is the process by which the male and female gametes combine to create a single
cell.*
a. Conception
b. Ovulation
c. Immersion
d. Compulsion
48. What genetic sex is produced if the ovum is fertilized by an X-carrying sperm?*
a. genetic male
b. super female
c. super male
 d. genetic female
49. Exposure to different environmental influences and maternal factors may lead to
different disorders for the fetus. Which disorder is characterized by a combination of
retard growth, face and body malformations, and disorders of the central
nervous system?
a. Trisomy 21
b. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
c. SIDS
d. Alpha Thalassemia
50. As Jimin grows older, he observed that he continuously develop not only in physical
aspect but also in psychosocial, emotional, and dimensions of development. According
to Paul Balte’s Life Span Approach, Jimin’s observation can be described on what
principle?
a. Development as multidimensional
b. Development shows plasticity
c. Development involves changing allocations
d. Development as multidirectional
51. A dying person who says “There must have been some kind of mistake” is in which
stage of psychological preparation for death, according to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross?*
a. Denial
b. Anger
c. Rejection
d. Depression
52. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about the fear of death?*
a. Old age is the time when death is most feared.
b. Researchers have found that adults who are deeply religious and adults who are totally
irreligious may fear death less than those who are ambivalent about a religious or
philosophical tradition.
c. Adults who believe their lives have had purpose or meaning appear to be less fearful
of death.
d. Older adults fear the period of uncertainty before death, such as whether they will be able
to cope with the loss of control and independence.
53. A is growth occurs when infant learn to use upper parts of the body
before lower parts; a is growth occurs when infants learn to
use their upper arms and legs than forearms and forelegs.*
a. Central; Upper
b. Proximodistal; Cephalocaudal
c. Upper; Central
d. Cephalocaudal; Proximodistal
54. is the first sensory to develop while is the least
developed sense at birth.
a. touch; sight
b. sight; touch
 c. touch; smell
d. smell; touch
55. Walking at the toy store department, Kylie, mother, accidentally nudged the building
blocks which led to the falling of it and scattered on the floor. While Kylie started on
picking up the blocks, she noticed that Stormi, her 24 months old daughter, got off the
stroller and started on picking up the fallen blocks to help her mother clean up the mess
they accidentally did. Stormi developed the sense
of
a. conscience
b. committed compliance
c. initiative
d. situational compliance
56. According to this psychologist, self-esteem is a major determinant in children’s
view on their capacity for productive work.
a. Erik Erikson
b. BF Skinner
c. Jean Piaget
d. Harry Sullivan
57. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about the fear of death?*
a. Old age is the time when death is most feared.
b. Researchers have found that adults who are deeply religious and adults who are totally
irreligious may fear death less than those who are ambivalent about a religious or
philosophical tradition.
c. Adults who believe their lives have had purpose or meaning appear to be less fearful
of death.
d. Older adults fear the period of uncertainty before death, such as whether they will be able
to cope with the loss of control and independence.
58. Which of the following has least risk of prolonged grief?*
a. the bereaved is a middle-aged adult
b. the bereaved is a teenager
c. the deceased committed suicide
d. the deceased died in a natural disaster
59. is a period of conscious decision-making while is a
personal investment in an occupation or belief.*
a. Crisis; Commitment
b. Conflict; Virtue
c. Conflict; Commitment
d. Crisis; Virtue
60. Knowing how to make no-bake blueberry cheesecake is an example of
.
a. Hypothetical deductive reasoning
b. Organizational function
c. Declarative knowledge
d. Procedural knowledge
61. When Arian entered high school, she noticed a difference in her body such as
widening of hips, growth of breasts and pubic hairs, and increased in height.
Arian is undergoing
a. Pubescence
b. Puberty
c. Maturation
d. Adolescence
62. is the most important predictor of quality of life in retirement.*
a. career and achievements
b. savings
c. relationship
d. health
63. Candice was obedient to her parent but she was just being obedient to them because
she does not want to receive punishment and it was purely out of rewards and self-
interest. According to Kohlberg, this action is also known as
.
a. Preconventional
b. Convenience
c. Conformity
d. Autonomous
64. Which of the following is false concerning the risk factors for cardiovascular
disease?*
a. The more high-risk behaviors or characteristics a person has, the higher the
person's risk of heart disease.
b. Certain risk factors, such as high cholesterol, are enhanced if they coexist with other
risk factors, such as smoking.
c. The primary risk factors have been well known for a long time.
d. There are no laboratory tests that can help doctors diagnose cardiovascular disease.
65. These are memory functions that decline with age except*
a. episodic memory
b. comprehending and remembering reading material
c. performance on complex memory tasks
d. visual memory
66. Middle-aged adults are most likely to perform more poorly than young adults on tasks
involving*
a. wit
b. creativity
c. memory
d. speed
67. Which of the following is 50-year-old pilot likely to forget?*
a. rules of flying a commercial aircraft
b. situations when a player will get a red card in football
c. where he went for lunch on a recent vacation
d. when his passport renewal is due
68. Which of the following is not true about relationship styles?*
a. Women show more self-disclosure and provide emotional support.
b. Young men are more competitive than emotionally close.
c. Adult men prefer to do things together than talk about things.
d. Women are unable to take care of aging parents due to multiple roles.
69. The following are influences in career choice except*
a. family
b. gender
c. personality
d. none of these. All of the above influences career choice.
70. According to Super, the career-development process begins between the ages of
and *
a. 16, 23
b. 15, 24
c. 12, 18
d. 17, 25
71. This factor do not contribute to marital success and satisfaction.*
a. personality
b. attitudes toward divorce
c. attachment security
d. families of choice
72. The ability to identify the underlying assumptions of differing perspectives on
issues is called*
a. postformal thought
b. dialectical thought
c. formal operational thinking
d. reflective judgment
73. is a serious mental disorder that usually first appears in early adulthood.*
a. depression
b. anorexia nervosa
c. borderline personality disorder
d. schizophrenia
74. This is a personality disorder characterized by difficulty forming emotional
attachments; lack of empathy, little regard for the rights of others, and is self- centered.*
a. Paranoid
b. Antisocial
c. Narcissistic
d. Borderline
75. The following are long term consequences of attachment quality except*
a. The internal model of attachment that individuals develop in infancy affects how they
parent their own babies.
b. Securely attached children appear to be more socially skillful.
c. Securely attached children appear to be more curious and persistent in
approaching more tasks.
d. Children with insecure attachment are more mature.
76. Diana’s caregiver is unresponsive, uncaring, and dismissive. What type of
attachment style will Diana probably have?*
a. Secure
b. Insecure-avoidant
c. Insecure-ambivalent
d. Insecure-disorganized
77. This develops in the first year. The ability of infants to make use of information about
emotion, such as facial expressions, increases dramatically over the first
year.*
a. Subjective self
b. Objective self
c. Universal self
d. Emotional self
78. What kinds of learning are infants capable of?*
a. Classical conditioning
b. Operant conditioning
c. Observation
d. All of the above
79. Their explanation of language development states that infants learn language through
parental reinforcement of wordlike sounds and correct grammar.*
a. Nativists
b. Behaviorists
c. Interactionists
d. None of the above
80. Which is not true in the following sentences?*
a. Early word learning seems to follow similar patterns in all cultures.
b. The rate of language development varies from one child to another.
c. Children who are late talkers typically cannot catch up with their peers by the time
they enter school.
d. Simple two-word sentences appear in children’s expressive language at about
18-24 months.
81. All of the following statements are true about language development except*
a. High-pitched infant-directed speech (IDS) helps infants learn language by attracting
their attention to the simple, repetitive, and expanded expressions that adults use.
b. The amount of verbal interaction that takes place between infants and mature
speakers is a factor in infant development.
c. Poverty is associated with language development.
d. The first spoken words, usually names for animals and heavenly bodies typically occur
at about two years of age.
82. In this stage, infants become more object-oriented, moving beyond self-
preoccupation; repeat actions that bring interesting or pleasurable results.*
a. Substage 1
b. Substage 2
c. Substage 3
d. Substage 4
83. This most likely to happen during 12 to 18 months where infants become
intrigued by the many properties of objects and experiment with many
behaviors.*
a. Secondary Circular reactions
b. Coordination of secondary circular reactions
c. Simple reflexes
d. Tertiary circular reactions, novelty and curiosity
84. Reasoning develops in 4 universal stages from birth through adolescence; in each
stage, the child builds a different kind of scheme.*
a. Information-processing theory
b. Sociocultural theory
c. Theory of Cognitive development
d. Ecological systems theory
85. In-depth study of one or a few individuals using observation, interviews, or
psychological testing*
a. Correlational studies
b. Archival studies
c. Case studies
d. Longitudinal designs
86. Study that combines both longitudinal and cross-sectional components.*
a. Naturalistic observation
b. Experiments
c. Sequential designs
d. Cross-cultural research
87. Researchers are expected to be guided by three ethical principles. Which of the
principles is the obligation to maximize potential benefits to participants and
minimize possible harm?
a. Beneficence
b. Non-maleficence
c. Respect for People
d. Justice
88. These are methods used by researchers to study perceptual development in infants
except:*
a. Operant conditioning
b. Modeling
c. Preference technique
d. Habituation/ dishabituation
89. Which of the following are two major criticisms of Kubler-Ross's theory of dying?*
a. her methodology and her claim that these processes are culturally universal
b. her claim that these processes are universal and gender specific
c. her claim that religiosity is tied to the five stages and that persons of non-
Christian religions will react differently
d. her methodology and her claim that people of all ages react the same
90. Grandma always refers to events in terms of grandpa's death or funeral; What is
the significance of this?*
a. She wants everyone to remember grandpa.
b. For her, it is the dividing line between 'past' and 'present'
c. She feels in better control of the family by invoking grandpa's name.
d. She feels she deserves special status because of her loss.
91. Which of the following age groups is least likely to make a change in lifestyle in
response to a hypothetical impending death?*
a. 16-20
b. 20-39
c. 40-59
d. 60+
92. Which of the bereaved individuals is most likely to fantasize about how her life
would have been different if her loved one hadn't died?*
a. 15-year-old Taylor
b. 70-year-old Ariana
c. 45-year-old Selena
d. 27-year-old Olivia
93. Which age group is at greatest risk of prolonged grieving?*
a. children
b. adolescents
c. young adults
d. middle-aged adults
94. What is meant by the term 'cognitive adventurousness'?*
a. a willingness to learn new things
b. a willingness to interact with new people
c. an interest in exploring new places
d. an ability to remember new faces
95. Who among the following do you think would respond well to retirement and not
consider it stressful?*
a. Justin, who has retired due to declining health.
b. Ed, who has retired as he lost his job late in his career.
c. Harry, who had planned to retire at 75, irrespective of the opportunities available
d. none of the above.
96. Neonates are categorized as having low birth weight if they weigh less than*
a. 1.36 kls
b. 2.49 kls
c. 3.99 kls
d. 6 lbs
97. When researchers have examined the relationship between maternal emotions and
prenatal development, the most consistent finding has been that*
a. there is no link between maternal emotions and the development of the infant
b. infants whose mothers were anxious or depressed are more likely to be anxious or
depressed as adults
 c. stressful psychological states, such as anxiety or depression, lead to
spontaneous abortion or fetal death
d. fetuses of severely distressed mothers tend to grow more slowly
98. cite research showing that children's language errors follow rules in
support of their theories of language development.*
a. Interactionist
b. Nativists
c. Both interactionists and nativists
d. Neither interactionists nor nativists
99. Which statement about infant memory is false?*
a. Infant memories are strongly tied to the context in which they occurred.
b. Infants younger than 3 months of age do not form memories.
c. Lost infant memories can be reactivated with contextual cues.
d. Memory abilities improve dramatically over the first 6 months.
100. Which of the following is true of spermarche?*
a. It typically occurs beten 13 and 14 years of age but the production of viable sperm
does not happen until a few months later.
b. It typically occurs between 15 and 6 years of age.
c. Its onset varies considerably between different ethnic groups.
d. Viable sperm production usually occurs a few months prior to the first ejaculation.