Mathematics | 1.29
JEE Main/Boards
Example 1: Evaluate 4723, if log,, 723 = 18591
Sol: Here consider x = 1723. Now by applying log on
both sides and solving using logarithm formula we will
get value of 4723.
Let x = 4723, Then, log x = log (723)**
1
logy x= 3 tog, 723 ~@
3
Jog 723-1og(0723%10?)
= 10g 0.723 + log 10? -Tasvi+2-18591 (i)
log,x= 2 x 18
= logyyx= 5 1.8591
16197 ;
10g, x= => x-antilog (0.6197)
= x = 4.166 (using antilog table)
Example 2: Using logarithm, find the value of
645 « 9814
Sol: Considerx= 6.45 x 981.4 and then applylog on both
sides and solve by using log,(MN) = log,M + log,N
and log table.
Then, log, x = log,, (6.45 x 981.4)
log, 645 + log,, 981.4
8096 + 2.9919 (using log table)
intlog (3.8015) = 6331 (using antilog table)
ax
Example 3: Find minimum value of x satisfying
k-3]+2kea=4
Sol: Similar to illustration 25.
Case-I: When x <1
16-3) 26+D=4
SeoKt 322-224; o-Bet lad
33x
sxe-1 1.20 | Basic Mathematics
x<-1s0,
-Lis not possible
Cases: When-1
3is taken, (x3) +2 («+ 1) =4
>3x-1=4 =x
5/3 => Therefore, no solution
Result x = -1 is the only solution.
Example 4: Let
log, N =a, +B,,log,N =a, +B,.logpN= 5 +P,
where 4,012,045 €1 and By, P,,By € (0,1) then
(0 Find number of integral values of N ifa, = 4 and a,
(i) Find the largest integral value of N if a,
2
5,0, = 3,
(i) Difference of largest and smallest integral values
Sol: Here by using y =log,xe>a¥ =x we can obtain
values of N. After that by drawing a number line we will
get the required answer.
‘ “ 2581 125 243,
G@) N=3*tand N= 52 a
N= (34,3) and N
N = (81, 243) and N = (25, 125)
0 [81, 125] is the common part hence the no. of integral
values of N are 125-81 = 44
0) n=3",n-[3,3°).N =[243 729)
152,59) ——
N=s*2,N=
.5*),N =[125,625)
NaN
49,343)
49125 243 343625 729
‘Common part is [243, 343]. So largest integral value = 342
(6) Difference of largest and smallest values
= 342-243 = 9
Example 5: Find the number of zeros in, x = (035)",
Given log,,(7) = 0.8451, log,,(2) = 03010
Sol: By applying og,, on both sides and using logarithm,
formulae we will get the result
logis = 12log;5| =
logy. x= 1210g35-—log,,100 = 12
(los. 7 +109,)5-2] =12
[log,97 + 109,020 -1og,52~2]
= 12[.8451 + 1- 3010-2] = 12 (5441-1)
logyx = =12 + 65292
logy x = 124.6 + 05292 = -6 +0.5292 = 8.5292
So x=10%10%?
Hence the number of zeros after the decimal
Example 6: Find the number of zeros in, 27
Sol: Consider 2° = x and solve as in illustration 5.
1 po
~ 2
log,,x = ~A0l0g,,2 = ~40[.3
)] = -12.0400
tog,.x= (-12-0.04) +1-1=+10g,)x=-13 +096
=> x= 1078.10
Number of zeros = 12
Example 7: Find the number of digits for x= 3! x2"
Sol: By applying log,, on both sides and then using a
log table we can solve the problem above,
logyg X = 12l0g;9 3+ 8109452
(0.4771) +8(0.3010) = 5.7252+2.4080
logy = 81332 5 x (sot) 10°”
No. of digits = 8 +1=9
Example 8: Solve x°V#l"") <9
Sol: Here, by using log, M=
problem above. “
log, M we can solve the
XNA 9 wlogx (x-2)
=> X02" 9 where x > 0, x#1
> (x-2)"
>x-2=33
2x
But x = ~1 is rejected as x should be greater than 0.
Example 9: log; (log. x3 og, ,.x+5)=2
tog (oe?
$0 fog, (log? x-3lo9,9x+8)=2 = log} x—3log,,,x+5=9
Let log,.(xJ=t 1? -3t-4=0
(t-4) (te =05 t=4,t=
= logy; = log,» X= -2
x= 116,x=2
1-2loa.%)
log,q x-2(lodi9 x}
Example 10: Solve
Sol: Simply by putting log,, x = t we can solve the
problem above.
1-2(03%2)
109,9x-2(l0049%)
1, Let log,, x
1-2(2t))
ott)
128
=151-8t =t-2?
= 6 + 3 2t-1 0 34(2t+1) -1(24+1)-0
¥3,t=-1/2 = log x= 1/3, log x= - 3
108 x =10-¥?
payers
Example 11 = shat
5) 125
Sol: By using a
above.
we can evaluate the problem
osha bo ,
(2 a fH0™I)3 ghosts? _ shox
7)
=2logx—log?x=logx-4 = log?x=4
x= 10%, x= 107
JEE Advanced/Boards
Example 1: Solve,
0G sue7(9+12% + 4x2) logan (6X2 1230421) = 4
Sol: Here 6x? +23x+21
= (2e+3) (3x7) and (9412«4 4x) = (2x3)?
Mathematics | 1.21
Hence substitute it in the above equation and solve
Using the logarithm formula,
Given that
100s (422K 3x2) +1093, (6x2 +23 22)
logs,.7(2x+3)° +loga,.5{ (2x+3)(3x+7)]=4 Let
1
lodyay (2X3) <8: 2a a
ya (2K3)~ Ai 2AVLOS
=> 2A? -3A41=0; 2A’-2A-A+1=0
$3 2A (AA (A-1) == 172,821
= log,,,,(2¢+3)=1/2
For A=h2x+3=V3e07
z
=> 4x? 49412K = 3x47; 4x2 +9x4+2=0
4x 1 B11 2=0 > 4x(x42)+1(x+2)=0
=-2; For A=1,log,,.,2x+3=1
> x+3=3K47
> x=4 also 2x+3>0,3K+7>0
> x>3/2x>-78
(A and -2 will be rejected)
Example 2: Solve, (x)e221! 8 Ho
Sol: By taking log, on both sides and solving we will
get the result
Taking log on both sides to the base x
logo x? logy x2.
tog, [(x) 4 = tog, (V2)
3 2 5
loa, xf’ + (leg, x) -F = l09,2
tet bgpeets 344
3t 4 4t? St =2— 3t + at? ~5t-2=0
BE 437 -6t HP t-2=0— (Bt4A}(L +t-2)=0
1
= (3t+1)(t+2)(t-1) =0;-t=1,2,-2
(3t+a)(t+2)(t-1) <0; 9t-1-a-4
Putting t = log, x 1.22 | Basic Mathematics
1
log,x=1%=21 log,x=-2-x=2
log, x=-1/3>x=1/ (2)!
Example 3: Solve be" 28 < (x1)
Sol: As ais defined for a > 0 so (x-1) > 0, Therefore by
‘taking log on both side we can solve it.
Now taking log on both sides
(loa, x* -2109, 9)log(x-1) = log(x-1)
(tos, “fot 1)=0
Either log (x—1) = 0 =>
Letlog,x=t
(t= 4t-7) = 0 28-4-7t=0
= 2-8 + t-4 = 0-9 2Htt- 4) 410-4) =0
tea
or logyx=-1/2
3)‘ orx=(3y"”
x= 3
log (x= 1) is not defined, so x = 2 orx = 81.
Forx
Example 4: Solve,
tog, (x? -1) -tog, (x1) =l09,
rm)
Sol: By using formula log,| ™]=1og,M ~ log, and
\n}
using modulus inequalities we can solve the problem
above
i -1)
tog,
2
tog, 4-a[ v=)
Case: 4-x> 0 orx < 4then (x + 1) = 1) 4-)
So xtladex®-4ex ox? 44520
4xVi6-20 |
aS
which is not possiale
eR
Case: (4—x) < 0 orx> 4 then (x +1) = («- 1) «-4)
Sextet 5x44 x? -6x43=0
=? -6x43=0 = SNE
2
NE yak
“x24 istaken, hence x = 3 +V6
Example
the sum of all solutions of the equation
[ota] -(3h2")-2-0 is (af where b and
arerelatively prime and a, bc © N then (@+b+c)=?
Sol: Here by putting 3°%0* = t and solving we will get
the result
(ory (n=
Let e 3°80" = t then
St -t-2=0; >t -2t4t-2=0
> t(t-2)+1(t-2)=0, = (t+1)(t-2)-0
-1&t=2 = 30%"
Case
-aj;st
Exponential value cannot be negative
Case-I:t=2; 3°80" <2
Taking log, both side
log, (3)°** =1og, 2 = logy, x = log, 2 x = 10%?
Comparing by (a)"* we get
=10,b=3,c=2
+b+c=10+3+2=15
Example 6: Find the number of zeros after decimal
before a significant digit in (9/8) “°°
and applying log,, on both = log, x= -100[0g,,9~I09,5 8]
= log,,x~ -100[2I0g,,3~ 3109.92]
= logy) x =-100(2«0.4771-3x0.3010)
= -100[0.9542-0.9030] = -100[0.0512]=-5.12
logyy x =(-5-0.12) 41-1
log,9x =8.88 => x = 10%x10%*
Number of zeros before any significant digits = 5
Example 7:Solve log, (210351 + 10g, (1+ log, x) =1/2
Sol: Here by using y =log, x a? =x we can solve it
log, (2l0g, (110g, (31095 x)))=1/2
= 2log, (1 +og, (1+3log, x)) =
> log,(1+10g,(1+3!og, x) =
= 1+log,(1+3l0g, x) =3 > log, (1+ 310g, x) =2
= 143log,x=4 = log, x=3= log, x=1 > x=3
Example8:Solve logy, x- 7logyq,¥" + A0log,, 4% = 0
loga
Sol: By using log, a=29* we can reduce the given
Togb
log,x _7logyx? 400g, 8%
equation to ae 0 and
then Tog, 05x Tog, 16x | log, 4x
by putting log, x = t we can solve it
Let log, x =
ait
ta
(t0-4)(t2)
Type)
21t+42+10t? +30t-40
“
se
auft-a)(t+2) +10(¢-1)(¢+4)
i
(aye yea) y-°
~lor? +15t+10
(yeaa
2 log,x=0 > x=1
ind log, x=2=>x=4
Mathematics | 1.23
15
Example 9: Solve, log, (x /4)
log, %
Sol: Simply by putting log, (x) = t and using basic
logarithmic formula we can Solve the problem above.
sa 4s
= 45 5 (log,x-2)- 8 __
Fo9,(x/4)= > (0992) apa
log, -1
3
Let log, 60 = t
ot-2-25 12-6 +8=15
4
SP -6t-7=0 Stile y=0
ata7t = log,x = 7 and logx = -1
x= 2 andx
< loa. (x2 Vlog. (16x).
Example 10: Save, fog, (270g, (16x) =I0g,x¢
Sol: By using log, (MN)
reduce the given
ty) 3
equation to (2-+2l09,x)| 2+ 510g, x) = Flog, x
After that putting log, x = t we will get the result,
= log.M + log,N- we can
fos, (2 Yog, (163) ~1o9,>°
= fs ates,» + tog, x} = Bog,
Let og,x=t
7
= la+2y(2s4)
o(re2y(4et 3) FL poeaj(ena oe
(2 4 2
= 2 (20 +9t+4)=9¢
= St? 18-8 =0 = St? -20t+2t-8=0
= St(t8) + 2(t=4) <0;¢--2/5,¢=4
But t + 4=9 x=6 and logx = -2/5 is Not Possible
xe 41.24 | Basie Mathematies $$$
Exercise 1
Qt Solve
(0 logy, 32
(ip tog, 16
Gid 109,279)
(iv) log, (1728)
) log, cos4s°
(i) bog, (log, 4)
(vii) log, (tan30°)
Q2 Prove the following
6) ba BET 1
Gi) logpas (8)
Gip tog, (08)
(iv) log, ., (04)
() logy. (0.3) =0
3 Find the no. of digits in
a2 (3
Q4 Solve
(i) log,_,3=2
(ip log, (3* -8) =2—x
Gil log, (x? - 24+ 65) =2
(iv) log, (x+1) +log, (+3) =1
() %0* <10x¢
logs
(vi) x =10%* Pao
(vip x98" =9
Uigod 1
51-1095 = =| log> +logx + SlogS
@ 9) 4003 gx 5 25)
6 o-2ea{ x2) nox} | Lol?)
legge?
Q7x * =19"%0%
toga *
as ("Be® =log,, VK
9 yfog,¥ log, 8x41=0
Q10 log, ,x-3ylog,,,% 12-0
aus ("sa 6-0
eo 2
Qi2log, (x =1)-log,(x-1)° = 004( (s-9}
-3 x-3
Qs 2log, AF +1 = log, 7
@
log, (9% Jlogt xa4
QA5 loggs,2? + M4l09,,.¥? +40l0g,, VF =0
Q16 log, (log},. x-3logy,2x+5)=2
Q17 log, (x/4) = +=
x
1 log, 3-1
18 Fog, (54-4) +109, Ser = 2+109,. 018
19 log,, x? = logy, (5x—4)
1 1
Q20 Flog, (x-2)-F =lody VIX-5
logo (Ye=4 +1)
Q21 922 1-H109,9(2x-1) =Flog,o(x-9)
23 loa, (34? +7) “log (3x-2)=1
4)
Q24 (243; ode 3 +logy,2=logy (27-3)
ao (x42) +1
928 log, (4* +1) =x +109,(2"? -6)
2s Hos. x4+3log,, V2
27 log(«*-6)-togg(2"~2)-2
28 loa (2*-
yo 1 x109194
)=2+Lieg,,16- 28
Q29 logo (lOGiq x) +1090 (LOds0 x*
930 log, (9* +9) =log, 3*(28-23*)
Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
—t_, 1 _
log gabe log, abe
has the value equal to
wi @1 2 Oa
Jog, (o99*-2)
2 The equation, log, (2x2) tog xx
+ Hog, 2x4 + 2eavalee8 has
(A) Exactly one real solution (8) Two real solutions
(©) 3 Real solutions (0) No solution,
Q3 Number of zeros after decimal before a significant
figure in (75):
301 and log,, 3= 0.477)
ow
(Use logy, 2 =
(a20 19 (0) None
Mathematics | 1.25
4 If 5x1°92? 4 39°92" = 162 then logarithm of x to the
base 4 has the value equal to
2 Bl or (0) 3/72
—__?2
1
Vast-1 Veet ed
5 (itiosbne
where x,> x,> x, then
A) x 8) X%
(2)
Q6 Let x=2"% and y=3"% where base of the
logarithm is 10, then which one of the following holds
good?
(2x 0) (c # J).
a
109,24 log, 192
Q9 Prove that 22278 _ O97?
Togsg2 logy 2
Owherx= fog,b and
y= Vlog, 2, a>0, b>0 & be
Q:10 Prove that at— b»
logyo(X=3) 2
Q.11 (a) Solve for x, Toi (x23) 3
(6) log (log x) + log (loge -2) = 0; where base of log is,
10 everywhere
(@1l09,2I09,,2 = log,.2
(d) Sh + Sxb# = 3 (@ > 0); where base of logis a
Q.12 Solve the system of equations:
log, x log, (xyz) = 48
log, y log, (xyz) = 12
log, z log, (xyz) = 84
Q.13 Let 'L’ denotes the antilog of 0.4 to the base 1024.
and M' denotes the nuber of digits in 6 (Given log,,2 =
03010, log,,3 = 0.4771) and 'N’ denotes the number of
positive integers which have the characteristic 2, when
base of the logarithm is 6. Find the value of LMN.
Q.14 Prove the identity
log.N..og,N+ log,N. log.N + log.N. log,
log, Nlog, Nlog, N
logapcN
aasitcy > ology tony «2 and y= 24, then
> = VN where N is a natural number, find the vaue
of N.
QA16 If log,,2 = 0.0310, log,,3 = 0.4771, Find the
number of integers in
@se
(o) 6*
(6) The number of zeros after the decimal in 3,
Q.17 log,120 + (x3) -2 log, (1-5
log, (2-54)
QB log, .(¢ + x- 6) = 4
Q49 x + log,, (1 + 2) =xl0g,,5 + log,,6 Mathematics | 1.27
20 If x’ and 'y’ are real numbers such that,
Jogis(2¢~3x) = logy x loo, find ®
ig (2—B4)= 195X109. 9, find *
Q21 Ifa = log, 18 and b = log,, 54 then find the value
of ab + 5 (a-b)
22 Find the value of log,xif following is true
.23 Positive numbers x, y and z satisfy xyz = 10" and
(1094, %) (1094, ¥2) + (Od, ¥) (109,92) = 468. Find the
value of (09,.%)” + (log,,9)? * (log, 2?
Q.24 Find the sum of all solutions of the equation
30" logy x+5= 33
25 Let a, b,c, d are positive integers such that log,
3/2 and log, d = 5/4. If (a~<) = 9, find the value of
(0-3)
Q26 Find the product of the positive roots of the
equation {2008} (x) 2" =
27 Find x satisfying the equation
2 (1,4)
losiol 2+)
28 Soteog, (+ Wel)
= oa, (aVe—3 +41)
Q.29 Prove that
(loa, 4b 109, 4ab- loa, Yo7avl004G7b \ioa,5
}
_ [2 ifbeasa
© | 2bs° ifl 1, the product
11 i 1 mplifies to
Tog,N Tog, Tog,,N Tog, 128
3 3 3 5
ws or Om OF
3og2-2o9{g10" 10g (ng10"|")
Qs tt N= 20 tT) ere
base of the logarithm is 10, The characteristics of the
logarithm of N to the base 3, is equal to
2 @3 oa os
Q7itx WR ang yf then the value
of log, (x? +xy +y’), is equal to
wo (2 (3 4
5s B.& B
arrveaim EopiefEafE senate
)tanE Bete (CsecZ_O) sing
Q9 Suppose that x < 0, Which of the following is equal
to
ax f.-2}|
(ayx-2 ()3x-2 (3x42
(D)-3x +2
Q.20 Solution set of the inequality
3*(0.333...)"? <(1/27)" is
B25) (8) (~2.3/2]
© (2%) (0) None of these
Q.L1 Solution set of the inequality
A(>2)u(L2) 804
(9 (1) U(2)
(0) None of these
Q12 The set of all x satisfying the equation
bar Palbnpt0_ Lig,
1 1 1
oa @ {oa} oct © fod}
(inxy
Quasi <1, then x belongs to:
Ae Be) OG2e) — )0,3e)
Multiple Correct Choice Type
2log,2
(1+log,2)"
when simplified reduces to-
Q14 The number N +logz2
(A) A prime number
(®) An irrational number
(©) Areal number is less than log,tt
(0) A real which is greater than log,6
QAS The value of x satisfying the equation,
2h 82 =- Lis
1093 2 3
14283 @ digs (© 141093)
“Tog? 209 33
eae (SEE-7) «6 EO) 1
then the value of x can be equal to-
(ayo @) logy, 5 36
2
( ———_ (D) log ——6
voa, (53-7) SES
Assertion Reasoning Type
(A) Statement is true, statement-il is true and
statement-ll is correct explanation for statement-L
(8) Statement is true, statementil is true and
statement is NOT the correct explanation for
statement
(©) Statement-lis true, statementlis false
(0) Statement-is false, statement is true
) is a meaningful
Q17 Statement: og, cos(2
quantity only if x € (0, %4) U @/4, D).
Because Mathematics | 1.29
Statement-E If the number N > 0 and the base of the
logarithm b (greater than zero not equal to 1) both lie
‘on the same side of unity then log,N > 0 and if they ie
‘on different side of unit then log, N < 0.
Q18 Statements: log, (2V17=2x) =1 +109, (x-1)
has a solution.
because
‘Statement-Il: Change of base in logarithms is possible,
Q.19 Consider the following statements
1 begs(?-t)
‘Statement-E The equation 5
distinct real solutions.
‘Comprehension Type
Paragraph 1: Equations of the form (i f (log,x) = 0,
a> 0,a #1 and (i) g (log,A) = 0, A > 0, then Eq, () is
equivalent to f() = 0, where t= 109,% If ty ty ty one
are the roots of ft) = 0, then log,x= t, log, x= t
x = t, and eq, (i) is equivalent to fly) = 0, where y
log, A.IFy,. Yo Vy mov Yeare the root of fly) = 0, then
log, A = Ya Ody A= Yr mores 1OGLA = Ye
On the basis of above information, answer the following
questions.
Q20 The number of solution of the equation
log! 10 -6log?10 + 110g, 10-6 -0 is:
(Ao (8) 1 (C2 (3
Statement-I: a°%" —N when a> 0,a 4 Land N > 0.
Match the Columns
gat
cohen come
(The va ofr which the ada produc wa
Rec ack cs aaa ee e910 25.5 0% rts han
P(x) @7
(B) Let P(x) = x’ - 3x° + x Tx? +S and Q 2. The remainder of —— is not smaller than
WW),
(chen igh tangle wih ie nga bandcandacnomaliow Boe Trewocte [O70
Inger the sale eyo the anal
pita bandee Nuch (V4 VB-2)(a@ +b¥F-c)=20Thenthevateottasb-ajienat | 27
ecualto
a2
cohen comnts]
(A) The expression x=log, log, \6+V6+V6+.n...00 simplifies to (p) An integer |
1) The umber N= ZH E-S nples warine |
tia
(0 The expesion 24 11 snpliieeto Anat
) The expr ibg,3 *iog,3” t09,,3 “es * (DA natural |
(0) The numberN = fp V5=y6—3VE=14~6yS simplifies to (9) A composite