1st Semester | A.Y.
2022-2023
MODULE 2
Fractions
October 5 – November 8, 2022
ADVALGE
College and Advanced Algebra
Renalyn N. Gacusan
Instructor
Institute of Teacher Education
BSED-MATH-1A, 1B
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MODULE 2
FRACTIONS
I. Learning Objectives
Define and illustrate the two types of fractions
Recall the theorems utilized in simplifying
Distinguish factorable expressions and factor polynomials completely
II. Topic Outline
Equivalent Fractions
Fundamental Operations of Fractions
III. Discussion
FRACTIONS
Multiplication of Fractions
_a_ . _c_ ‗ ac
b d bd
Rule:
To multiply a fraction by one or more fractions:
1. Factor all the terms of the fractions which are factorable.
2. Divide the terms of the fractions by the common factor.
3. The product is equal to the products of all the remaining factors in the
numerators divided by the product of the remaining fractions in the
denominators.
Examples:
1. 3_ . _7_ ‗ _21_
8 10 80
2. ___9___ . _6( a + b)_
2(a + b) 36
‗ _(9)(1)_ . _(3)(2)( a + b)_
2(a + b) (9)(4)
‗ _3_
4
3. _3y - 15_ . _4y + 12_
y+3 12y + 18
‗ _3(y – 5)_ . _(2)(2)(y + 3)_
y+3 (3)(2)(2y + 3)
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‗ _2(y – 5)_
2y + 3
Division of Fractions
_a_ _c_ ‗ _a_ . _d_ ‗ _ad_
b d b c bc
Rule:
The quotient of two fractions is obtained by multiplying the dividend by the
reciprocal or multiplicative inverse of the divisor.
Examples:
1. _3_ _9_
5 10
‗ _3_ . _10_
5 9
‗ _3_ . _(5)(2)_
5 (3)(3)
2
‗
3
2. _2a - 4_ _5a - 10_
9 6
‗ 2a - 4_ . ___6___
9 5a - 10
‗ _2(a – 2)_ . _ (3)(2)_
(3)(3) 5(a – 2)
‗ _4_
15
3. _12a2b2_ _4a3bc_ ‗ _12a2b2_ . x yzz__
7x3y2z xyz2 7x3y2z 4a3bc
‗ _(4)(3)(a)(a)(b)(b)_ . _xy(z)(z) ‗ __3bz__
7(x)(x)(x)(y)(y)z 4(a)(a)bc 7acx2y
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Combinations of Multiplication and Division of Fractions
_a_ . _c_ _e_
b d f
‗ _a_ . _c_ . _f_
b d e
‗ _acf_
bde
Examples:
1. _25a2b2_ _15b3_ . _36bc2_
12c2 5ac 5a3
‗ _25a2b2_ . _5ac_ . _36bc2_
12c2 15b3 5a3
‗ 5c
2. _x2y – xy_ . _y3 + y2_ __y2_
y2 - 1 x 3 – x2 y–1
‗ _x2y – xy_ . _y3 + y2_ . y-1
y2 - 1 x 3 – x2 y2
‗ y_
x
3. __x3 + 8__ . _x2 – x – 6_ __x2 – 2x___
x2 + 4x + 4 x2 – 2x + 4 x3 – 5x2 + 6x
‗ __x3 + 8__ . _x2 – x – 6_ ___x2 – 2x___
x2 + 4x + 4 x2 – 2x + 4 x3 – 5x2 + 6x
= (x - 3)2
Exercises: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF FRACTIONS
Perform the indicated operations and reduce to lowest terms.
1. _9_ . _8_
4 15
2. 3y - 15_ . _4y + 12_
y+3 12y + 18
3. _2a - 4_ . __6___
9 5a - 10
4. y + 4y - 12_ . ___y2 – 4___
2
y2 – 36 y2 – 4y + 4
5. _y2 - 4__ . _x3 – 3x2_
x2y – 3xy y2 + 2y
6. _9_ _3_
4 2
7. _3y - 15_ _y - 5_
y+3 2
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8. _2a - 4_ __2___
9 3a - 3
9. ___y2 – 4__ _xy – 2x_
x2 y – 3xy y3 – y2
10. _y2 + 4y - 12_ _y2 – 4y + 4_
y2 - 36 y2 - 4
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Rules:
a. To add or subtract two fractions with the same denominator, use:
_a_ + _b_ ‗ _a + b_ ; _a_ _ _b_ ‗ _a - b_
c c c c c c
Examples:
1. _x - 3_ + __1__
x-2 x-2
‗ _x - 3 + 1 ‗ _x - 2_ ‗ 1
x-2 x-2
2. __7__ + __6__ ‗ _13_
x-y x-y x-y
3. __6x2_ + __2x2__ ‗ _8x2_
n+2 n+2 n+2
4. __5n__ _ _n - 8_
n+2 n+2
‗ _5n – n + 8_ ‗ _4n – 8
n+2 n+2
‗ _n(n + 2) ‗ 4
n+2
5. __4__ _ __3_ ‗ _1_
ax ax ax
6. _2x - 1__ _ ______2_____
(x – 1)2 (x - 1) (x - 1)
‗ __2x – 1 - 2__
(x – 1) (x – 1)
‗ _2x - 3__
(x – 1)2
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b. To add or subtract two fractions with different denominators, use:
_a_ + _c_ ‗ _ad + bc_ ; a_ _ _c_ ‗ _ad - bc_
b d bd b d bd
Examples:
1. _1_ + _7_
12 5
‗ _5_ + _28_ ‗ _11_
60 60 20
2. _x_ + _3x_
4 7
‗ _7x_ + _12x_
28 28
‗ _19x_
28
3. ___18___ + ___20__
2a – 3b 4a – 6b
‗ _18 + 20_
4a – 6b
‗ ___19___
2a – 3b
Examples:
1. _2_ _ _1_
3y 4y
‗ __8__ _ __3__
12y 12y
‗ _5_
12y
2. __3__ _ __3x__
x+y x2 – y2
‗ _3x – 3y_ _ __3x___
(x2 – y2) (x2 – y2)
‗ _- 3x _
x2 – y2
3. __4___ _ ___9___
2a + 8 5a + 20
‗ ___20___ _ ___18___
10a + 40 10a + 40
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‗ ___1____
5(a + 4)
Combinations of Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Rule:
1. Find the least common multiple of all denominators.
2. Reduce each of the given fractions to an equivalent fraction which has the LCD
as its denominator.
3. Combine numerator and write the results over the LCD.
4. Reduce fraction to its lowest terms.
Examples:
1. __3x_ + _4x__ _ _5x_ ‗ _2x_ ‗ _x_
10y 10y 10y 10y 5y
2. _2a + 3__ _ __a - 2__ + _3a + 1_
5 3 4
‗ 24a + 36 – 20a + 40 + 45a + 15__
60
‗ 49a - 91 ‗ 7 (7a – 13)
60 60
3. _a - 3_ _ _2a - 1_ + 2
a a -2
‗ _a2 – 5a + 6 – 2a2 + a + 2a2 – 4a _
a (a -2)
‗ _a2 – 8a + 6_
a (a -2)
Exercises: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS
Perform the indicated operations and reduce to lowest terms.
1. __5___ + ___4___
a-b a–b
2. __7__ + __7__
11a 11a
3. _x + 1_ + _3x - 2_
3 5
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4. _2_ + _1_
3 2
5. __2__ + __5__
x-1 x+1
6. _2x + 3_ _ _x - 1_
5x 5x
7. _x + 1_ _ _3x - 2_
3 5
8. __2__ _ __5__
x-1 x+1
9. _2_ + _1_
3 2
10. __6__ + __2__ _ __4__
x–y x–y x–y
COMPLEX FRACTIONS
- an algebraic expression which is made up of sums, differences, products and
quotient of rational algebraic expressions.
- is a fraction whose numerator and denominator are both contain fraction.
Rule:
1. Reduce the numerator and denominator to simple fractions.
2. Find the least common multiple of the denominator in both numerator or
denominator.
3. Multiply both terms of the complex fraction by the LCD and simplify.
4. Reduce fraction to lowest terms.
Examples:
1. _1_ + _1_
__x y__
_x_ _ _y_
y x
_y + x_
‗ ___xy___
_x2 – y2
yx
‗ _x + y_ . __xy__
xy x2 – y2
‗ __1__
x-y
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2. _5_ + _3_
_12 8__
_7_ _ _11_
18 12
_10 + 9_
‗ ___24____
_14 – 33_
36
‗ _19_ . _36_
24 – 19
‗ - 3
2
3. 12 + _6_
__ x__
_x_ _ _1_
4 8
_12x + 6_
‗ _____x____
_2x + 1_
8
‗ _12x + 6_ . ___8___
x 2x + 1
‗ __48__
x
4. 1 -
_1_
__ a__
1 + _1_
a
_a - 1_
‗ ___a___
_a + 1_
a
‗ _a - 1_ . __a__
a a+1
‗ _a -1_
a+1
Exercises: COMPLEX FRACTIONS
Simplify:
1. _5_ + _2_
__8 3__
_1_ _ _3_
5 6
2. x - __2__
__ x - 1__
1 _ __1__
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x–1
3. 1 + _a_
__ b__
1 _ _a2_
b2
4. _5 – 2y_ - 1
__4 - y __
_y + y - 3_ + 1
2
4-y
5. 6 + _2_
__ x__
_x_ + _1_
4 12
IV. Work Output
Application Activity - Practice and Problem Solving (Paper-and-Pen/EDMODO/MS
Teams)
Quiz (Paper-and-Pen/EDMODO/MS Teams)
V. References
Acelajado, Maxima J., Beroque, Yolando B., Co, Frumencio F., Algebra Concepts and
Processes, 3rd Edition
Alferez, Merle S., Duro, Ceccilla A., Intermediate Algebra 2007
Aufmann, Richard N., Barker, Vernon C., Lockwood, Joanne S., Intermediate Algebra With
Applications, 7th Edition
Dugopolski, Mark, Algebra for College Students 5 th Edition
Dugopolski, Mark, Algebra For College Students, 5th Edition
Gabuyo, Yonardo A., Loddaran, Angeline T., College Algebra With Applications
Leithold, Louis, College Algebra and Trigonometry, International Edition
Lial, Margaret L. et. al. Algebra for College Students, 9th Edition 2004
Mercado-Del Rosario, Asuncion C., College Algebra 2nd Edition
Vance, Elbridge P., Banchoff, Thomas F., Modern Algebra 3rd Edition
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/algebra/algebra-i/algebraic-fractions/operations-
with-algebraic-fractions
VI. Disclaimer
It is not the intention of the author/s nor the publisher of this module to have monetary gain
in using the textual information, imageries, and other references used in its production. This
module is only for the exclusive use of a bona fide student of Mabalacat City College.
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In addition, this module or no part of it thereof may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, and/or
otherwise, without the prior permission of Mabalacat City College.
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