Future arrangements

You can use the present continuous to talk about New language Future with present continuous
things that are happening now. You can also use it Vocabulary Excuses
to talk about arrangements for the future. New skill Talking about future arrangements

KEY LANGUAGE PRESENT CONTINUOUS WITH FUTURE EVENTS

Use time phrases “At the moment” Present continuous refers to
to show whether a refers to the present. Dave’s present activity.
verb in the present
continuous refers
to the present
or the future.
Time clause “tomorrow” Present continuous
refers to the future. refers to a future event
that is planned.

FURTHER EXAMPLES PRESENT CONTINUOUS WITH FUTURE EVENTS

You can use the time word or phrase

at the start or end of a clause.

KEY LANGUAGE “ON / IN” WITH DAYS, MONTHS, AND DATES

Use the preposition “on” in front of days of the week
and specific dates. Use “in” with months and years.

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 FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN NUMBER THE PICTURES

IN THE ORDER YOU HEAR THEM

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 Plans and intentions
You can use “going to” to talk about what you want to do New language Future tense
in the future. Use it also to talk about specific plans, such Vocabulary Time words and phrases
as when and where you’re going to do something. New skill Talking about your plans

KEY LANGUAGE “GOING TO” FOR FUTURE PLANS

Use the verb “to be”
with “going to” to say Base form of verb.
what you plan to do.

“Going to” doesn’t change Use a time word or time phrase

with the subject. to say when you will cook dinner.

FURTHER EXAMPLES “GOING TO” FOR FUTURE PLANS

Add “not” after the verb “to be” to make the negative.

HOW TO FORM “GOING TO” FOR FUTURE PLANS

SUBJECT “TO BE” “GOING TO” BASE FORM OF VERB REST OF SENTENCE

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FILL IN THE GAPS PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE FUTURE WITH “GOING TO”

READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

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 KEY LANGUAGE “BY” WITH TIME WORDS AND PHRASES
“By” followed by “Going to” follows the verb “to be.”
a noun or time
phrase means
something will
happen at some
point before
that time.
NOW JUNE

FURTHER EXAMPLES “BY” WITH TIME WORDS AND PHRASES

You are going to write to the person
between now and next weekend.

You are going to get fit by the

same date the following year.

READ JACK’S RESOLUTIONS, THEN WRITE ABOUT THEM

USING “GOING TO”

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 What’s going to happen
Use the future with “going to” to make a prediction New language The future with “going to”
about the future when there is evidence in the present Vocabulary Prediction verbs
moment to back up that prediction. New skill Predicting future events

KEY LANGUAGE “GOING TO” FOR FUTURE EVENTS

This form of the future is formed using
Use “going to” to
“to be” + “going to” + the base form of the verb. give your prediction.

Evidence in the present moment means

that you can make a prediction.

FURTHER EXAMPLES “GOING TO” FOR FUTURE EVENTS

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FILL IN THE GAPS PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE FUTURE WITH “GOING TO”

REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS

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 Making predictions
You can use the verb “will” to talk about future events New language The future with “will”
in English. This form of the future tense has a slightly Vocabulary Prediction words
different meaning from futures using “going to.” New skill Saying what you think will happen

KEY LANGUAGE THE FUTURE WITH “WILL”

Use “will” to say what
you think will happen
in the future when you
don’t have firm evidence
You think the other people will love the
for your prediction. movie, but you don’t have firm evidence.

FURTHER EXAMPLES THE FUTURE WITH “WILL”

You can also say “he’ll not,”

In negative sentences, “not” goes between but “won’t” is more
“will” and the base form of the verb. common in US English.

In spoken English, you normally

use the contracted form of “will.”

HOW TO FORM THE FUTURE WITH “WILL”

“Will” is a modal
SUBJECT “WILL” BASE FORM OF VERB REST OF SENTENCE
verb, so its form
doesn’t change
with the subject.

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 FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE FUTURE WITH “WILL” OR “WILL NOT”

READ THE NOTE AND REWRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED PHRASES USING

PRONOUNS AND CONTRACTED “WILL” WITH FUTURE VERBS

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MATCH THE QUESTIONS TO THE

CORRECT ANSWERS

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 KEY LANGUAGE “THINK” WITH “WILL”
If you’re not sure about You’re not “That” is not essential to the
something, you can certain. sentence, and it’s often left out.
begin a sentence with
“I think.” This shows you
are giving your opinion.

HOW TO FORM “THINK” WITH “WILL”

SUBJECT “THINK” “THAT” SUBJECT + “WILL” VERB REST OF SENTENCE

“That” is often left out.

FURTHER EXAMPLES SENTENCES WITH “THINK” AND “WILL”

To make the sentence negative, add

“do not” or “don’t” before “think.”

MATCH THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT PREDICTIONS

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 KEY LANGUAGE “GOING TO” AND “WILL”
Use “going to” when You are predicting this, but you
don’t have firm evidence.
you have evidence for
a prediction. Use “will”
when a prediction
is an opinion
without evidence.

You are predicting this

based on firm evidence.

LOOK AT THE PICTURES, THEN SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING
IN THE GAPS USING THE PHRASES IN THE PANEL

CHECKLIST
The future with “will” Prediction words Saying what you think will happen

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 Making quick decisions
You can use “will” to talk about the future in two ways: New language Quick decisions with “will”
when you make a prediction without evidence, and Vocabulary Decision words
when you make a quick decision to do something. New skill Talking about future actions

KEY LANGUAGE QUICK DECISIONS WITH “WILL”

If you suddenly decide
to do something while
you’re speaking, use
“will” to say what
you’re going to do.

“Will” shows you have

just made the decision.

FURTHER EXAMPLES QUICK DECISIONS WITH “WILL”

Contracted form of “will not.”

KEY LANGUAGE “SO / IN THAT CASE”

Use “so” or the
expression “in SITUATION DECISION
that case” to link
a situation and
the decision you
make as a result
of that situation.

SITUATION DECISION

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 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE

NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE WORDS IN THE PANEL
ORDER THEY ARE DESCRIBED

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 KEY LANGUAGE “THINK” WITH “WILL”
You can use “think”
with “will” to show
that your decision
is something you You are deciding now.
are considering. You’re not completely sure.

FURTHER EXAMPLES “THINK” WITH “WILL”

READ THE TEXT MESSAGES

AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

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 SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS USING
THE PHRASES IN THE PANEL

CHECKLIST
Quick decisions with “will” Decision words Talking about future actions

REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 35–40

NEW LANGUAGE SAMPLE SENTENCE UNIT

FUTURE TENSE WITH PRESENT

CONTINUOUS

“GOING TO” FOR FUTURE PLANS

FUTURE TENSE WITH “GOING TO”

FUTURE TENSE WITH “WILL”

QUICK DECISIONS WITH “WILL”

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 Future possibilities
Use “might” to show you’re not sure if you’ll New language Using “might”
do something. It’s a possibility and you don’t Vocabulary Activities, food, and pastimes
want to say that you “will” or you “won’t.” New skill Talking about future possibilities

KEY LANGUAGE “MIGHT” WITH FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

“Will” and “won’t” Negative
describe things
that are certain to
happen or certain Possible
not to happen. Use
“might” to show
that something Positive
is not certain.

FURTHER EXAMPLES “MIGHT” WITH FUTURE POSSIBILITIES TIP

To form the negative, add “not” between “might” and “Might” isn’t
the verb. In UK English, it can be shortened to “mightn’t.” normally used
in questions.

HOW TO FORM “MIGHT” WITH FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

SUBJECT “MIGHT” MAIN VERB REST OF SENTENCE

As with all modal verbs, “might” Use the base form

doesn’t change with the subject. of the main verb.

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 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, REWRITE THE
PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE HIGHLIGHTED PHRASES,
CORRECT ORDER CORRECTING THE ERRORS

FILL IN THE GAPS USING “WON’T,” “MIGHT,” AND “WILL”

NEGATIVE POSSIBLE POSITIVE

137
 KEY LANGUAGE “MIGHT” WITH UNCERTAINTY
You can use other
phrases along
with “might” to
emphasize that
you are uncertain
about something.

MATCH THE QUESTIONS TO THE ANSWERS

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

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 Giving advice
If someone has a problem, one of the ways New language “Should”
that you can give advice is by using the Vocabulary Advice
modal verb “should.” New skill Giving advice

KEY LANGUAGE “SHOULD” TO GIVE ADVICE

“Should” shows that you think this is the best thing to do.

“Should” comes
before the advice.

FURTHER EXAMPLES “SHOULD” TO GIVE ADVICE

For a negative, add “not” between

“should” and the main verb.

“Should not” can be

shortened to “shouldn’t.”

HOW TO FORM “SHOULD” TO GIVE ADVICE

SUBJECT “SHOULD” MAIN VERB REST OF SENTENCE

“Should” is a modal verb, “Should” is followed by

so it stays the same no the base form of the verb.
matter what the subject is.

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 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS

LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS

IN THE SENTENCES TO GIVE GOOD ADVICE

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 MATCH THE PROBLEMS TO THE ADVICE

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE CORRECT PIECE OF ADVICE

FOR EACH PROBLEM

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 SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD, FILLING IN THE GAPS USING “SHOULD”
OR “SHOULDN’T”

CHECKLIST
“Should” Advice Giving advice

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 Making suggestions
You can use the modal verb “could” to New language “Could” for suggestions
offer suggestions. “Could” is not as strong Vocabulary Advice
as “should.” It communicates gentle advice. New skill Making suggestions

KEY LANGUAGE “COULD” FOR SUGGESTIONS

“Could” is often
used to suggest
a solution to a
problem. It introduces “Could” means that the action is
possibilities but a possibility; a choice that might
not preferences. solve the problem.

FURTHER EXAMPLES “COULD” FOR SUGGESTIONS

HOW TO FORM “COULD” FOR SUGGESTIONS

SUBJECT “COULD” VERB REST OF SENTENCE

“Could” is a modal verb, so it The main verb goes

doesn’t change with the subject. in its base form.

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 MATCH THE PROBLEMS TO THE CORRECT SUGGESTIONS

CHOOSE THE CORRECT SUGGESTIONS FROM THE PANEL, THEN SAY

THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD

145
 KEY LANGUAGE USING “COULD” AND “OR” FOR SUGGESTIONS
When people give suggestions using “could,” they
often give more than one option to choose from.

Use “or” to give an alternative suggestion.

FURTHER EXAMPLES USING “COULD” AND “OR” FOR SUGGESTIONS

You don’t have to repeat the If the main verb is the same
modal verb “could” after “or.” for both suggestions, you
don’t repeat it after “or.”

USE THE PHRASES TO WRITE SUGGESTIONS USING “COULD” AND “OR”

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 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND MARK THE TWO SUGGESTIONS GIVEN TO
SOLVE EACH PROBLEM

CHECKLIST
“Could” for suggestions Advice Making suggestions

REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 41–43

NEW LANGUAGE SAMPLE SENTENCE UNIT

USING “MIGHT” WITH

FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

USING “MIGHT”
WITH UNCERTAINTY

USING “SHOULD” TO GIVE ADVICE

USING “SHOULDN’T” TO GIVE ADVICE

USING “COULD” FOR SUGGESTIONS

USING “OR” FOR SUGGESTIONS

147