CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the data that collected from the respondents were analyzed. All the
data is analyze from the questionnaire which were distributed to respondents through handed
hard copy. The questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS version 26.
The data is analyzed by five parts which are:
a. Demography of the respondents
b. Level of Understanding and Knowledge of Pap smears
c. Comparison and association between Understanding and Knowledge with
Demographic
4.2 Descriptive Analysis
Table 4.1 shows socio-demographic data of the respondents. There are including
Married Status, Age, Working, Education, Race, Religion and Staying Location.
Table 4.1 Socio-demographic data of the respondent
Socio demographic data Mean + SD Frequency Percentage
(N) (%)
Married Status
Single 8 16.0
Married 42 84.0
Divorce 0 0.0
Age 34.46 + 10.52
Working
Yes 39 78.0
No 11 22.0
Education
Primary or Secondary 6 12.0
School
Certificate or Diploma 24 48.0
Degree 12 24.0
Master or PhD 8 16.0
Race
Arabian 29 58.0
Non-Arabian 21 42.0
Religion
Islam 27 54.0
Christian 17 34.0
Others 6 12.0
Staying Location
City 46 92.0
Rural 4 8.0
The survey collected data on sociodemographic and self-administrated structured
questionnaire with close questions. The mean and standard deviation of the age respondents
were 34.46 + 10.52. 16% of the respondents was single with 86% was married. 78% of the
respondents were working while another 22 % were not working. Majority of the respondents
was certificate or diploma level in level of education with 48%, following by Degree (24%),
Master or Phd 16% and Primary or Secondary School (12%). 58% of the respondents was a
Arabian and another 42% were non-Arabian.
54% of the respondents were Muslim while 34% was Christians, 12% was others.
Most of the respondents staying in the city with 92% while 8% of respondents in the rural
area.
4.3 Level of Understanding and Knowledge of Pap smears
4.3.1 The Mean and Standard Deviation of Score
Table 4.2 shows the mean and standard deviation score for level of understanding and
knowledge about pap smears.
Table 4.2 Mean and Standard Deviation of Score Understanding and Knowledge
Item Mean + Standard Deviation
Level of Understanding
2.50 + 0.228
Level of Knowledge
1.95 + 0.370
4.3.2 Level of Knowledge
The mean was converted to the percentage. Level of understanding and knowledge
shows according to the table below. Percentage value 0 – 49.99 shows the level is low, and
the score percentage value more than 50.00 show the level of is high.
Table 4.3 Categorization of level according to percentage
Percentage Level
0 – 49.99 Low
50.00 – 100.00 High
Table 4.4 shows the category level of understanding among respondents. The result
shows the all the respondents only at high level of knowledge.
Table 4.4 Level of Understanding
Level of Understanding Frequency Percentage
Low 0 0.0
High 50 100.0
Table 4.5 shows the category level of knowledge among respondents. The result
shows 58% of the respondent have low level of knowledge while another 42% show high
level of knowledge.
Table 4.5 Level of Knowledge
Level of Knowledge Frequency Percentage
Low 29 58.0
High 21 42.0
4.4 Comparison and Relationship between Level of Understanding and Knowledge
about Pap Smears and Demographic
4.4.1 Level of Understanding
4.4.1.1 Comparison the mean of Level of Understanding with Married Status
Table 4.6 shows the level of understanding among respondents compare by status of
married. The results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated
that the mean score of singles is higher than married with mean score 2.53 while mean score
of the married is 2.49. P-value indicated 0.689 which is more than 0.05. So, there are no
significantly different compare by married status (p > 0.05).
Table 4.6 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Status
Married Status N Mean Score + SD p-value
Single 8 2.53 + 0.212
0.689
Married 42 2.49 + 0.233
4.4.1.2 Comparison the mean of Level of Understanding with Working Status
Table 4.7 shows the level of understanding among respondents compare by working
status. The results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated
that the mean score of not working was 2.53 while mean score of the working was 2.49. P-
value indicated 0.656 which is more than 0.05. So, there are no significantly different
compare by working status (p > 0.05).
Table 4.7 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Working
Status
Working Status N Mean Score + SD p-value
Yes 39 2.49 + 2.490
0.656
No 11 2.53 + 0.199
4.4.1.3 Comparison the mean of Level of Understanding with Race
Table 4.8 shows the level of understanding among respondents compare by race. The
results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated that the mean
score of Arabian was 2.52 while mean score of the non-Arabian was 2.47. P-value indicated
0.402 which is more than 0.05. So, there are no significantly different compare by race (p >
0.05).
Table 4.8 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Race
Race N Mean Score + SD p-value
Arabian 29 2.52 + 0.220
0.402
Non-Arabian 21 2.47 + 0.240
4.4.1.4 Comparison the mean of Level of Understanding with Staying Location
Table 4.8 shows the level of understanding among respondents compare by staying
location. The results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated
that the mean score of respondents staying in the city was 2.50 while mean score of the
respondents staying in rural was 2.53. P-value indicated 0.787 which is more than 0.05. So,
there are no significantly different compare by staying location (p > 0.05).
Table 4.8 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Staying
Location
Staying Location N Mean Score + SD p-value
City 46 2.50 + 0.223
0.787
Rural 4 2.53 + 0.263
4.4.1.5 Comparison the mean of Level of Understanding with Level of Education
Table 4.9 shows the level of understanding among respondents compare by level of
education. The results have been done by using one way ANOVA test. P-value indicated
0.190 which is more than 0.05. So, there are no significantly different compare by level of
education (p > 0.05).
Table 4.9 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Level of
Education
Level of Education N Mean Score + SD p-value
Primary or Secondary School 6 2.61 + 0.230
Certificate or Diploma 24 2.54 + 0.221
0.190
Degree 12 2.41 + 0.248
Master or PhD 8 2.43 + 0.182
4.4.1.5 Comparison the mean of Level of Understanding with Religion
Table 4.10 shows the level of understanding among respondents compare by religion.
The results have been done by using one way ANOVA test. P-value indicated 0.502 which is
more than 0.05. So, there are no significantly different compare by religion (p > 0.05).
Table 4.10 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Religion
Religion N Mean Score + SD p-value
Islam 27 2.53 + 0.213
Christian 17 2.44 + 0.278 0.502
Other 6 2.52 + 0.115
4.4.1.6 Correlation between mean of Level of Understanding with Age
Table 4.11 shows the relationship between the mean of understanding associated age.
From the result of analysis, Pearson correlation indicates there was non-significant with weak
correlation between the mean of understanding with age among respondent with the value of
r is -0.197. Increase of age will be decrease mean of understanding.
Table 4.11 Correlation between mean of Level of Understanding with Age
Mean Understanding Mean of Age Correlation Value Sig. (2 tailed)
2.50 34.46 -0.197 0.171
4.4.2 Level of Knowledge
4.4.2.1 Comparison the mean of Level of Knowledge with Married Status
Table 4.12 shows the level of knowledge among respondents compare by status of
married. The results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated
that the mean score of singles 1.88 while mean score of the married is 1.96. P-value indicated
0.556 which is more than 0.05. So, there are no significantly different compare by married
status (p > 0.05).
Table 4.12 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Status
Married Status N Mean Score + SD p-value
Single 8 1.88 + 0.281
0.556
Married 42 1.96 + 0.386
4.4.2.2 Comparison the mean of Level of Knowledge with Working Status
Table 4.13 shows the level of understanding among respondents compare by working
status. The results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated
that the mean score of not working was 2.02 while mean score of the working was 1.93. P-
value indicated 0.462 which is more than 0.05. So, there are no significantly different
compare by working status (p > 0.05).
Table 4.13 Mean Score level of Knowledge among respondent compares by Working
Status
Working Status N Mean Score + SD p-value
Yes 39 2.02 + 0.306
0.462
No 11 1.93 + 0.388
4.4.2.3 Comparison the mean of Level of Knowledge with Race
Table 4.14 shows the level of knowledge among respondents compare by race. The
results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated that the mean
score of Arabian was 1.91 while mean score of the non-Arabian was 2.00. P-value indicated
0.392 which is more than 0.05. So, there are no significantly different compare by race (p >
0.05).
Table 4.14 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Race
Race N Mean Score + SD p-value
Arabian 29 1.91 + 0.327
0.392
Non-Arabian 21 2.00 + 0.426
4.4.2.4 Comparison the mean of Level of Knowledge with Staying Location
Table 4.15 shows the level of knowledge among respondents compare by staying
location. The results have been done by using independent sample t-test. The result indicated
that the mean score of respondents staying in the city was 1.97 while mean score of the
respondents staying in rural was 1.69. P-value indicated 0.158 which is more than 0.05. So,
there are no significantly different compare by staying location (p > 0.05).
Table 4.15 Mean Score level of understanding among respondent compares by Staying
Location
Staying Location N Mean Score + SD p-value
City 46 1.97 + 0.371
0.158
Rural 4 1.69 + 0.292
4.4.2.5 Comparison the mean of Level of Knowledge with Level of Education
Table 4.16 shows the level of knowledge among respondents compare by level of
education. The results have been done by using one way ANOVA test. P-value indicated
0.042 which is less than 0.05.
Table 4.16 Mean Score level of knowledge among respondent compares by Level of
Education
Level of Education N Mean Score + SD p-value
Primary or Secondary School 6 1.94 + 0.480
*Certificate or Diploma 24 1.84 + 0.307
0.042
Degree 12 1.95 + 0.223
*Master or PhD 8 2.26 + 0.497
*There is no significantly different compare by level of education (p > 0.05).
4.4.2.5 Comparison the mean of Level of Knowledge with Religion
Table 4.17 shows the level of knowledge among respondents compare by religion.
The results have been done by using one way ANOVA test. P-value indicated 0.016 which is
less than 0.05.
Table 4.17 Mean Score level of knowledge among respondent compares by Religion
Religion N Mean Score + SD p-value
*Islam 27 1.85 + 0.256
*Christian 17 2.15 + 0.441 0.016
Other 6 1.80 + 0.406
*There is no significantly different compare by level of education (p > 0.05).
4.4.2.6 Correlation between mean of Level of Knowledge with Age
Table 4.18 shows the relationship between the mean of knowledge associated age.
From the result of analysis, Pearson correlation indicates there was non-significant with weak
correlation between the mean of understanding with age among respondent with the value of
r is 0.523.
Table 4.18 Correlation between mean of Level of Knowledge with Age
Mean Knowledge Mean of Age Correlation Value Sig. (2 tailed)
1.95 34.46 0.093 0.523
