A.

CALCULATION SHEET

MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET

CUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.585 GHz
SITE A R
LATITUDE 15o5’40.54”N 14o53’2.43”N
LONGITUDE 120o46’3.03”E 121o3’24.55”E
SITE ELEVATION (m) 10 100
TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 50 200
TOWER TYPE SS SS
AZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 126o3’00.91” 306o3’02.82”
PATH LENGTH (km) 41
PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 140.4259425
RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/A
FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 20.1 22.1
WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 20.1 22.1
WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 0.9140475 1.0049975
CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5
CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/A
RADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5u
TOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 1.9140475 2.0049975
TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 144.3449875
PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 14 16
PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 8 8
REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/A
REFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/A
PARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/A
ANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 42.21197799 42.21197799
TOTAL GAINS (dB) 84.42395599
NET PATH LOSS (dB) 56.8930423
TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29
MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.8120873
RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/A
THEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/A
PRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72
FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.1879127
RELIABILITY (%) 99.99779896
PROFILE NUMBER 1

Date: January 13, 2007

 MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET
CUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.729 GHz
SITE R A
LATITUDE 14o53’2.43”N 15o5’40.54”N
LONGITUDE 121o3’24.55”E 120o46’3.03”E
SITE ELEVATION (m) 100 10
TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 200 50
TOWER TYPE SS SS
AZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 306o3’02.82” 126o3’00.91”
PATH LENGTH (km) 41
PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 140.8714704
RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/A
FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 22.1 20.1
WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 22.1 20.1
WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 0.97903 0.89043
CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5
CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/A
RADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5u
TOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 1.97903 1.89043
TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 144.7409304
PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 16 14
PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 8 8
REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/A
REFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/A
PARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/A
ANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 42.21197799 42.21197799
TOTAL GAINS (dB) 84.42395599
NET PATH LOSS (dB) 56.44751441
TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29
MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.31697441
RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/A
THEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/A
PRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72
FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.68302559
RELIABILITY (%) 99.99793275
PROFILE NUMBER 2

Date: January 13, 2007

 MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET
CUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.636 GHz
SITE B R
LATITUDE 14o31’55.14”N 14o53’2.43”N
LONGITUDE 121o19’10”E 121o3’24.55”E
SITE ELEVATION (m) 60 100
TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 200 200
TOWER TYPE SS SS
AZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 344o45’08.02” 164o45’06.96”
PATH LENGTH (km) 35
PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 140.7527548
RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/A
FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 66.1 60.1
WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 66.1 60.1
WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 2.990364 2.718924
CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5
CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/A
RADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5u
TOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 3.990364 3.718924
TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 148.4620428
PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 60 54
PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 10 10
REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/A
REFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/A
PARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/A
ANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 43.81155497 43.81155497
TOTAL GAINS (dB) 87.62310993
NET PATH LOSS (dB) 53.12964486
TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29
MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.83893286
RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/A
THEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/A
PRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72
FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.16106714
RELIABILITY (%) 99.99984881
PROFILE NUMBER 3

Date: January 13, 2007

 MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEET
CUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.824 GHz
SITE R B
LATITUDE 14o53’2.43”N 14o31’55.14”N
LONGITUDE 121o3’24.55”E 121o19’10”E
SITE ELEVATION (m) 100 60
TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 200 200
TOWER TYPE SS SS
AZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 164o45’06.96” 344o45’08.02”
PATH LENGTH (km) 35
PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 141.1929686
RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/A
FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 60.1 66.1
WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 60.1 66.1
WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 2.6436788 2.9076068
CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5
CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/A
RADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5u
TOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 3.6436788 3.9076068
TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 148.7442542
PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 54 60
PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 8 8
REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/A
REFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/A
PARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/A
ANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 44.25176876 44.25176876
TOTAL GAINS (dB) 88.50353753
NET PATH LOSS (dB) 52.68943106
TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29
MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.24071666
RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/A
THEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/A
PRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72
FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.75928334
RELIABILITY (%) 99.99986142
PROFILE NUMBER 4

Date: January 13, 2007

 B. TRANSMISSION 40.67935125 = 7.5 + 20log (6.46) + 20log B
CALCULATION B = 7.053296968 ft

Transmitter Output Power (Pt) = 29 dBm Note: Antenna chosen is 8 ft.

Receiver Threshold = -72 dBm
Reliability = 99.99% REVERSE CALCULATION
Fade Margin (FM) = 38 dB
Waveguide Length (from antenna base): 6.1 m Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)
allowance to equipment Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.46) + 20log 8
Radome Loss = 0.5 dB Antenna Gain = 41.7664501 dB
Connector Loss = 0.5 dB
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2
A TO R Total Antenna Gain = 41.7664501 * 2
Total Antenna Gain = 83.5329002 dB
Frequency = 6.585 GHz
Distance = 41 km Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna
Waveguide Loss (at 6.46Ghz) = 4.5475 dB/100m Gain
Antenna Height (A) = 14m Net Path Loss = 140.4259425 - 83.5329002
Antenna Height (R) = 16m Net Path Loss = 56.8930423 dB

Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain –
Threshold Total Losses
RSL = 38 dB – 72 dB Receiver Signal Level = 29 + 83.5329002 -
RSL = -34 dB 144.3587025
Receiver Signal Level = -31.8120873 dB
Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) +
20log D(km) Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver
FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.46) + 20log(39) Threshold
FSL = 140.4259425 dB Fade Margin = -31.8120873 + 72
Fade Margin = 40.1879127 dB
Waveguide Loss A = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna
Height + Allowance) / 100 Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6
Waveguide Loss A = 4.5475 * (14 + 6.1) / 100 Undp = 2.5*4*0.25*6.54*(39/1.609344)^3*10^(-
Waveguide Loss A = 0.9140475 dB 1*40.1879127/10)*10^-6
Undp = 2.20104 x 10^-05
Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna
Height + Allowance) / 100 Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%
Waveguide Loss R = 4.5475 * (16 + 6.1) / 100 Reliability = (1 - 2.20104 x 10^-05)*100%
Waveguide Loss R = 1.0049975 dB Reliability = 99.99779896%

Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss A +

Waveguide Loss R R TO A
Total Waveguide Loss = 0.9140475 + 1.0049975
Total Waveguide Loss = 1.919045 dB Frequency = 6.8GHz
Distance = 39km
Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2 Waveguide Loss (at 6.8Ghz) = 4.43 dB/100m
Total Connector Loss = 1 dB Antenna Height (A) = 14m
Antenna Height (R) = 16m
Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2
Total Radome Loss = 1 dB Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver
Threshold
Total Fixed Losses A = Waveguide Loss A + RSL = 38 dB – 72 dB
Connector Loss + Radome Loss RSL = -34 dB
Total Fixed Losses A = 0.9140475 + 0.5 + 0.5
Total Fixed Losses A = 1.9140475 dB Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) +
20log D(km)
Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss B + FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.8) + 20log(39)
Connector Loss + Radome Loss FSL = 140.8714704 dB
Total Fixed Losses R = 1.0049975 + 0.5 + 0.5
Total Fixed Losses R = 2.0049975 dB Waveguide Loss A = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna
Height + Allowance) / 100
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Waveguide Loss A = 4.43 * (14 + 6.1) / 100
Radome Loss Waveguide Loss A = 0.89043 dB
Total Losses = 140.4259425 + 1.919045 + 1 + 1
Total Losses = 144.3449875 dB Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna
Height + Allowance) / 100
Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total Losses Waveguide Loss R = 4.43 * (16 + 6.1) / 100
Total Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 144.3587025 Waveguide Loss R = 0.97903 dB
Total Antenna Gain = 81.3449875 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss A +
Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2 Waveguide Loss R
Antenna Gain = 81.3449875 / 2 Total Waveguide Loss = 0.89043 + 0.97903
Antenna Gain = 40.67249375 dB Total Waveguide Loss = 1.86946 dB

Antenna Diameter (B): Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2

Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft) Total Connector Loss = 1 dB
Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2 Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver
Total Radome Loss = 1 dB Threshold
RSL = 38 dB – 72 dB
Total Fixed Losses A = Waveguide Loss A + RSL = -34 dB
Connector Loss + Radome Loss
Total Fixed Losses A = 0.89043 + 0.5 + 0.5 Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) +
Total Fixed Losses A = 1.89043dB 20log D(km)
FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.54) + 20log(40)
Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss B + FSL = 140.7527548 dB
Connector Loss + Radome Loss
Total Fixed Losses R = 0.97903 + 0.5 + 0.5 Waveguide Loss B = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna
Total Fixed Losses R = 1.97903dB Height + Allowance) / 100
Waveguide Loss B = 4.524* (60 + 6.1) / 100
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Waveguide Loss B = 2.990364 dB
Radome Loss
Total Losses = 140.8714704 + 1.86946 + 1 + 1 dB Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna
Total Losses = 144.7409304 dB Height + Allowance) / 100
Waveguide Loss R = 4.524* (54 + 6.1) / 100
Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total Losses Waveguide Loss R = 2.718924 dB
Total Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 144.7409304
Total Antenna Gain = 81.74093039 dB Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss B +
Waveguide Loss R
Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2 Total Waveguide Loss = 2.990364 + 2.718924
Antenna Gain = 81.74093039 / 2 Total Waveguide Loss = 5.709288 dB
Antenna Gain = 40.8704652 dB
Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2
Antenna Diameter (B): Total Connector Loss = 1 dB
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft)
40.8704652 = 7.5 + 20log (6.8) + 20log B Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2
B = 6.855108723 ft Total Radome Loss = 1 dB

Note: Antenna chosen is 8 ft. Total Fixed Losses B = Waveguide Loss B +

Connector Loss + Radome Loss
REVERSE CALCULATION Total Fixed Losses A = 2.990364+ 0.5 + 0.5
Total Fixed Losses A = 3.990364 dB
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.8) + 20log 8 Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss B +
Antenna Gain = 42.21197799 dB Connector Loss + Radome Loss
Total Fixed Losses R = 2.718924 + 0.5 + 0.5
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2 Total Fixed Losses R = 3.718924 dB
Total Antenna Gain = 42.21197799 * 2
Total Antenna Gain = 84.42395599 dB Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss +
Radome Loss
Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna Total Losses = 140.7527548 + 5.709288 + 1 + 1
Gain Total Losses = 148.4620428 dB
Net Path Loss = 140.8714704 - 84.42395599
Net Path Loss = 56.44751441 dB Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total Losses
Total Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 5.709288
Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain – Total Antenna Gain = 85.46204279 dB
Total Losses
Receiver Signal Level = 29 + 84.42395599 - Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2
144.7409304 Antenna Gain = 85.55252279 / 2
Receiver Signal Level = -31.31697441 dB Antenna Gain = 42.7310214 dB

Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver Antenna Diameter (B):

Threshold Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft)
Fade Margin = -31.31697441 + 72 42.7310214 = 7.5 + 20log (6.54) + 20log B
Fade Margin = 40.68302559 dB B = 8.830256549 ft

Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6 Note: Antenna chosen is 10 ft.

Undp = 2.5*4*0.25*6.8*(39/1.609344)^3*10^(-
40.6830229/10)*10^-6 REVERSE CALCULATION
Undp = 2.06725 x 10^-05
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100% Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.54) + 20log 10
Reliability = (1 - 2.06725 x 10^-05)*100% Antenna Gain = 43.81155497 dB
Reliability = 99.99793275%
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2
B TO R Total Antenna Gain = 43.81155497 * 2
Total Antenna Gain = 87.62310993 dB
Frequency = 6.54GHz
Distance = 40km Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna
Waveguide Loss (at 6.54Ghz) = 4.524 dB/100m Gain
Antenna Height (B) = 60m Net Path Loss = 140.7527548 - 87.62310993
Antenna Height (R) = 54m Net Path Loss = 53.12964486 dB
 Total Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 148.8322302
Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain – Total Antenna Gain = 85.74425419 dB
Total Losses
Receiver Signal Level = 29 + 87.62310993 - Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2
148.5525228 Antenna Gain = 85.74425419 / 2
Receiver Signal Level = -31.92941286 dB Antenna Gain = 42.8721271 dB
Antenna Diameter (B):
Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft)
Threshold 42.8721271 = 7.5 + 20log (6.88) + 20log B
Fade Margin = -31.92941286 + 72 B = 8.531353089 ft
Fade Margin = 40.07058714 dB
Note: Antenna chosen is 10 ft.
Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6
Undp = 2.5*0.25*0.25*6.54*(40/1.609344)^3*10^(- REVERSE CALCULATION
40.07058714/10)*10^-6 Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)
Undp = 1.5119 x 10^-06 Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.88) + 20log 10
Antenna Gain = 44.25176876 dB
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%
Reliability = (1 - 1.5119 x 10^-06)*100% Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2
Reliability = 99.99984881% Total Antenna Gain = 44.25176876 * 2
Total Antenna Gain = 88.50353753 dB
R TO B
Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna
Frequency = 6.88GHz Gain
Distance = 40km Net Path Loss = 141.1929686 - 88.50353753
Waveguide Loss (at 6.88Ghz) = 4.3988 dB/100m Net Path Loss = 52.68943106 dB
Antenna Height (B) = 60m
Antenna Height (R) = 56m Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain –
Total Losses
Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver Receiver Signal Level = 29 + 88.50353753 -
Threshold 148.7442542
RSL = 38 dB – 72 dB Receiver Signal Level = -31.24071666 dB
RSL = -34 dB
Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver
Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) + Threshold
20log D(km) Fade Margin = -31.24071666 + 72
FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.88) + 20log(40) Fade Margin = 40.75928334 dB
FSL = 141.1929686 dB
Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6
Waveguide Loss B = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Undp = 2.5*0.25*0.25*6.88*(40/1.609344)^3*10^(-
Height + Allowance) / 100 40.67130734/10)*10^-6
Waveguide Loss B = 4.3988* (60 + 6.1) / 100 Undp = 1.38584 x 10^-06
Waveguide Loss B = 2.9076068 dB
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%
Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Reliability = (1 - 1.4142 x 10^-06)*100%
Height + Allowance) / 100 Reliability = 99.99986142%
Waveguide Loss R = 4.3988* (54 + 6.1) / 100
Waveguide Loss R = 2.6436788 dB Overreach Interference Criteria
The sites A and B do not have major obstructions
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss A + between them and have line of sight. Because of this,
Waveguide Loss R the total discrimination should be calculated with a
Total Waveguide Loss = 2.9076068 + 2.6436788 minimum of 50db needed.
Total Waveguide Loss = 5.5512856 dB
Distance Discrimination = 20log(AB/RB)
Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per site Distance Discrimination = 20log(74.65/40)
Total Connector Loss = 1 dB Distance Discrimination = 5.419 dB
Antenna A Discrimination = 30 dB
Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2 Antenna B Discrimination = 32 dB
Total Radome Loss = 1 dB Total Discrimination = Distance + Antenna A +
Antenna B Discriminations
Total Fixed Losses B = Waveguide Loss B + Total Discrimination = 5.419 + 30 + 32
Connector Loss + Radome Loss Total Discrimination = 67.419 dB
Total Fixed Losses A = 2.9076068 + 0.5 + 0.5
Total Fixed Losses A = 3.9076068 dB Distance Discrimination = 20log(AB/RA)
Distance Discrimination = 20log(74.65/39)
Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss R + Distance Discrimination = 5.639 dB
Connector Loss + Radome Loss Antenna A Discrimination = 30 dB
Total Fixed Losses R = 2.6436788 + 0.5 + 0.5 Antenna B Discrimination = 32 dB
Total Fixed Losses R = 3.6436788 dB
Total Discrimination = Distance + Antenna A +
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Antenna B Discriminations
Radome Loss Total Discrimination = 5.639 + 30 + 32
Total Losses = 141.1929686 + 5.5512856 + 1 + 1 Total Discrimination = 67.639 Db
Total Losses = 148.8322302 dB
Based on the calculation, the total discrimination for
Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total Losses each exceeds the 50 dB requirement.
 C. AZIMUTH
CALCULATION SITE B AND R

SITE A AND R Site B:

Latitude: 14o31’55.14”N
Site A: Longitude: 121o19’10”E
Latitude: 15o5’40.54”N
Longitude: 120o46’3.03”E Site R:
Latitude: 14o53’2.43”N
Site R: Longitude: 121o3’24.55”E
Latitude: 14o53’2.43”N
Longitude: 121o3’24.55”E b = Latitude R – Latitude B
b = 14o53’2.43” - 14o31’55.14”
r = Latitude A – Latitude R b = 0o21’07.29”
r = 15o5’40.54” - 14o53’2.43”
r = 0o12’38.11” r = Longitude B – Longitude R
r = 121o19’10”- 121o3’24.55”
a = Longitude A – Longitude R r = 0o5’45.45”
a = 121o3’24.55” - 120o46’3.03”
a = 0o17’21.52” Using Napier’s Rule:

Using Napier’s Rule: sin(r) = cot(B) * tan(b)

sin(0o5’45.45”) = cot(B) *
sin(a) = cot(R) * tan(r) tan(0o21’07.29”)
sin(0o17’21.52”) = cot(R) * B = 74o45’08.02”
tan(0o12’38.11”)
R = 36o3’02.82” sin(b) = tan(r) * cot(R)
sin(0o21’07.29”) = tan(0o5’45.45”) *
sin(r) = tan(a) * cot(A) cot(R)
sin(0o12’38.11”) = tan(0o17’21.52”) * R = 15o14’53.04”
cot(A)
A = 53o56’59.09” Azimuth from True North:

Azimuth from True North: R1 = 180o – R

R1 = 180o - 15o14’53.04”
A1 = 180o – A R1 = 164o45’06.96”
A1 = 180o - 53o56’59.09”
A1 = 126o3’00.91” B1 = 270o + B
B1 = 270o + 74o45’08.02”
R1 = 270o + R B1 = 344o45’08.02”
R1 = 270o + 36o3’02.82”
R1 = 306o3’02.82”

R
A

b
r

r B
R
a
 INTRODUCTION

Microwave technology is vastly used today especially in broadcast and

telecommunications as relays and satellite. A microwave system is widely used for its
practicality in terms of economic costs, flexibility, and reliability. It is a form of
electromagnetic radiation with a frequency ranges from 300MHz to 300GHz. Due to the
high frequency, more information can be carried making it ideal for high data rate
applications. In addition, this high frequency also limits microwave transmission to a
line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. It is not able to penetrate the earth’s
surface requiring the placement of repeaters for long ranges.
Good microwave transmission engineering should be done in order to meet
requirements of carrying information reliably from one point to another. Effort should be
made in design that involves data gathering of site data such as terrain, weather, and
elevation. These will be the primary deciding factors to be considered to make decisions
in others such as equipment and antenna.

CONCLUSION

There are numerous factors that must be considered when designing a microwave
system. First of all, you must meet the design requirements such as traffic capacity,
frequency, reliability, and location. Once the primary requirements have been considered,
additional requirements for transmitter site and geographical path of the microwave
signal should be surveyed for suitability. The equipment will have to be chosen to meet
the requirements. All of these can be supported by design computations such as losses,
gain, signal levels, and reflection.
The designed microwave transmission system is capable of carrying at least the
requirement of 1,200 voice channels with room to spare. In addition, the system
reliability has exceeded the minimum requirements of 99.99% this further reducing
system downtime. The most important in designing this microwave system is being able
to correctly survey the path taken of the microwave as it will dictate the items needed to
build the system.