Population

Dynamics
Population Dynamics Presentation
Fertility| Mortality| Migration

Levels And Trends

SECTION SLIDES Population Dynamics

Demographic Measurments Migration

Introduction
Population Dynamics
I n t ro d u c t i o n | P o p u l a t i o n Dynamics

Demographic Measurments
These measurements provide specific
details about crucial population indicators

Mortality
The analysis of deaths occurring within a
population or specific subgroups over a
given period

Fertility
The biological capacity of individuals or a
population to reproduce and produce
offspring.
Migration
Movement of people from one place to
another
 Po p u l a t i o n D y n a m i c s
➢ The study of how populations change over time

➢ It includes the factors and processes influencing

population size, composition, distribution, and
structure

➢ Help inform public policy decisions, allowing us

to better predict and prepare for future changes

➢ Provide insight into how human activities and

decisions influence population change
 Mortality
➢ The analysis of deaths occurring within a
population over a given period.

➢ quantified using indicators such as the crude

death rate (CDR), age-specific mortality rates
(ASMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and
maternal mortality ratio (MMR).

➢ Serves as a vital demographic measure,

levels, and causes of death within a
population.

➢ Crucial for understanding population

dynamics and health outcomes.
 Fertility
➢ capacity of a population to reproduce

➢ Fundamental demographic measure that

shapes population size, growth, and
composition.

➢ Quantified using various indicators, such

as the total fertility rate (TFR), the general
fertility rate (GFR), and age-specific
fertility rates (ASFR).

➢ Contains biological, social, cultural,

economic, and environmental factors
influencing reproductive behavior.
 Demographic Measurments
➢ Used to analyze and understand various
components that shape the population

➢ provide specific details about crucial

population indicators

➢ Demographic sizes allow for calculating

and projecting different aspects of a
population within a particular country or
region
Demographic Measurments
Population Indicators
Crude Bir th Rate| Meaning

Crude Birth Rate refers to the number of

live births per 1000 population.

Helps to measure the rate of population

growth in a country, as well as provide
insights into the mortality and fertility
rates.
 Crude Bir th Rate| Use
Used make informed decisions about allocating
resources and public policy to ensure a healthy
population

Helps inform public policy decisions related to

health, education, and other social services.
High birth rates can burden a country's resources,
while low birth rates can lead to population
decline
Crude Bir th Rate | Formula

Formula:

Total Annual Live Birth

*1000
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 General fer tility Rate| Meaning

Average number of children a woman of

reproductive age will have in her lifetime.

It is often used to gauge a country's

population growth.
General Fer tilty rate| Use

It is an important indicator to measure the

health of a country's population and the
sustainability of its economic growth.

used to predict the future population size

and structure. High fertility rate, a country
can expect a rising population size and a
larger workforce. But can strain a country's
resources if not managed properly
Genaral fer tility Rate | Formula

Formula:

Total Annual Live Birth

*1000
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛15−49
 To t a l F e r t i l i t y R a t e | M e a n i n g

Measures the average number of children a

woman has in her lifetime

Used to measure the fertility rate of a

population and is an essential indicator of
population growth
To t a l F e r t i l i t y r a t e | U s e

Predict future population growth and

inform policy decisions about people and
health

Also used to measure population

replacement levels, the number of children
a woman needs to maintain a stable
population size
To t a l F e r t i l i t y R a t e | F o r m u l a

Formula:
7
𝐵𝑖
5𝑥 ෍
𝑊𝑖
𝑛=1
Life Expecatncy at birth| Meaning
Life expectancy at birth is the average
number of years that a newborn could expect
to live.

measures the average lifespan of a person

born in a particular country
Life expectancy at bir th | Use

Essential indicator of the health of a

population. It is often used to compare the
quality of healthcare in different countries.

It Also shows changes in healthcare of a

country
Crude Death Rate| Meaning

Crude Birth Rate refers to the number of

death per 1000 population.

It provides an overall measure of mortality

in a population.
Crude Death Rate| Use

Gives a quick, general measure of mortality

and can be used to compare mortality
between different regions or to track
mortality trends over time

It is important to note that crude death

rates do not account for age differences
between populations, which can
significantly impact mortality
Crude Death Rate | Formula

Formula:

Total Annual Live Death

*1000
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 Infant Mor tality Rate| Meaning

Number of infant deaths per 1000 live births

in a given population.

It is an essential indicator of the health of a

people and can be used to compare
countries and regions.
Infant Mor tality rate| Use

A vital driver of the overall mortality rate

in a given area and is an essential measure
of the overall health of a population

Decreased significantly in many parts of the

world over the past century due to
advances in medical care and public health
initiatives.
Infant Mor tality Rate | Formula

Formula:

Total Annual Infant Death

*1000
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ
Age-Specific Mor tality Rate| Meaning

Measure the mortality rate of different age

groups.

It provides insight into a population's health

Age-Specific Mor tality rate| Use

provides insight into a person's health and

how other age groups may be affected by
disease, lifestyle, and access to healthcare.

Used to craft policy and allocate resources

to reduce age-specific mortality rates and
improve the population's health.
Age-specific Mor tality Rate | Formula

Formula:

Number of deaths in an age group

*1000
𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑔 𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
Maternal Mor tality Rate| Meaning

Measure the number of women dying due to

pregnancy or childbirth complications..

reflects the health of women around the

world and can be used as an indicator of the
quality of healthcare available
Maternal Mor tality rate| Use

Reducing this rate is an important goal for

any society, as it signals progress in
reducing inequality and improving
healthcare access
Maternal Mor tality Rate | Formula

Formula:

Total Annual Maternal death

*100,000
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ
N a t u r a l r a t e of i n c re a s e | M e a n i n g

measure of the natural growth of a

population that is not affected by
immigration or emigration

It measures a population's health as it allows

for understanding its growth without any
external factors influencing
N a t u r a l r a t e of i n c re a s e | U s e

used to predict population growth and

inform policy
N a t u r a l R a t e O f I n c re a s e | F o r m u l a

Formula:

NRI=(C.B.R-C.D.R)
Levels And Trends
Levels And trends of population dynamics
Levels And trends Levels And trends
C.B.R vs C.D.R chart In the horn of I.M.R and C.D.R and LE chart In the
africa horn of africa

Djubouti 8 45.8 63.6

11
7

7 Eritria 7 45 65.2

6 8
Somaliya 11 94 52.8
36.5 36.6
29.6
23.9 23.4 Kenya 6 37.1 64.3

Ethiopia 7 49.6 62.6

Ethiopia Kenya Somaliya Eritria Djubouti

C.B.R C.D.R C.D.R I.M.R Life expectancy

Migration
Migration in Ethiopia and The horn
 Migration| Meaning Emmigratinon And Immigration

➢ Movement of People from one place ➢ Emigration refers to the act of leaving one’s
to another with the intention of own country to settle in another country.
settling either permanently or
temporarily.
➢ Immigration is the movement of people into
➢ An ancient and inevitable process one country from another one

➢ Got expedited by the advancement of

communication and transportation. ➢ People emigrate for various reasons

➢ has various implications and shows the

health of population and the quality of
life.
Migration| Meaning Emmigration and Immigration

➢ Movement of People from one place ➢ Emigration refers to the act of leaving one’s
to another with the intention of own country to settle in another country.
settling either permanently or
temporarily.
➢ Immigration is the movement of people into
➢ An ancient and inevitable process one country from another one

➢ Got expedited by the advancement of

communication and transportation. ➢ People emigrate for various reasons

➢ has various implications and shows the

health of population and the quality of
life.
 Migration | Internal Migration|International
➢ Human migration within a country. ➢ The movement of people across
international borders for the purpose of
➢ travel for education and for economic settlement or change of usual residence
improvement or natural disaster or civil
disturbance.
➢ Accelerated after the 1974 revolution when
➢ influenced by demographic, environmental, many refugees attempted to escape political
socioeconomic, and political conflict, persecution and famine

➢ factors: landlessness, drought, and ➢ Ethiopian Migrants are found in the Middle
diminished land-carrying East, USA, Canada, Europe and African
countries such as Sudan, Kenya, South Africa
➢ Ethiopia has a relatively high level of
and Botswana.
internal migration, with 16.6% of the total
population.
MIgration | Internal Migration|International
➢ Human migration within a country.
➢ The movement of people across
➢ travel for education and for economic international borders for the purpose of
improvement or natural disaster or settlement or change of usual residence
civil disturbance.
➢ Accelerated after the 1974 revolution when
➢ influenced by demographic, many refugees attempted to escape political
environmental, socioeconomic, and conflict, persecution and famine
political
➢ Ethiopian Migrants are found in the Middle
➢ factors: landlessness, drought, and East, USA, Canada, Europe and African
diminished land-carrying countries such as Sudan, Kenya, South Africa
and Botswana.
➢ Ethiopia has a relatively high level of
internal migration, with 16.6% of the
total population.
Migration | Causes E m i g r a t i o n | S o u rc e s
➢ Lack of employment and livelihood A. Dessie (North and South Wollo) area: it
opportunities includes Kemise, Bati, Kalu (Kombolcha),
Dessie and its surroundings.
➢ Rural underemployment and lack of
resources.

➢ Unfavorable political context and A. Shashemene (Western Arsi and Bale) area: it
insecurity. includes Shashemene-Zuria, Kofele, Kore,
and Assassa and others.
➢ Misinformation and false promises by
brokers/traffickers

➢ success stories of pioneering B. Jimma (Western Ethiopia) area: has Kaffa,

migrants; family and peer pressure Wolega and Iluababora, and more
specifically, Mana and others.
➢ Emergence of "culture of migration"
and migration networks
Migration | Causes E m i g r a t i o n | S o u rc e s
➢ Lack of employment and livelihood A. Dessie (North and South Wollo) area: it includes
opportunities Kemise, Bati, Kalu (Kombolcha), Dessie and its
surroundings.
➢ Rural underemployment and lack of
resources.
A. Shashemene (Western Arsi and Bale) area: it
➢ Unfavorable political context and includes Shashemene-Zuria, Kofele, Kore, and
insecurity. Assassa and others.

➢ Misinformation and false promises by

brokers/traffickers
B. Jimma (Western Ethiopia) area: has Kaffa, Wolega
and Iluababora, and more specifically, Mana and
➢ success stories of pioneering others.
migrants; family and peer pressure

➢ Emergence of "culture of migration"

and migration networks
Conclusion
Topics Mentioned Before
Demographic Fertility Mortality Migration Levels And Trends
measurements

The analysis of deaths occurring within a population or specific subgroups over a given period
Levels And Trends Demographic Fertility Mortality Migration
Measurments

The biological capacity of individuals or a population to reproduce and produce offspring

Demographic Levels And Trends Migration Fertility Mortality
Measurment

Movement of people from one place to another for the purpose of permanent or temporary stay
Migration Levels And Trends Demographic Fertility Mortality
Measurment

Measuring Tools of population

Demographic Migration Levels And Trends Fertility Mortality
Measurment
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