Understanding the
Shape or Form
elements and principles of ↳ Defined as the external appearance, form, or figure
design of a garment.
● Hourglass Shape - shows the curves of the
woman's body.
Elements of Design ● Wedge Shape - wherein the shoulder part is
↳ Basis for developing and creating textile and broader and narrower at the
clothing products. bottom
There are 4 Elements of Design: ● Tubular Shape - used by men and women. The
○ Line the tubular shape does not
○ Shape cling to the body
○ Texture ● Bell Shape - shows a fitted waist and a bell
○ Color shaped skirt
● A-Line Shape - shows a narrow top and
Line broaden out in the lower part.
↳ Refers to the direction of the fabric designs
↳ Used in clothing in 2 ways: Texture
★ Structural Lines ↳ Refers to the quality of the surface.
- created by the seams used to hold ↳ The fabric used can affect the appearance of the
the garment together. garments
★ Decorative Lines
- the stripes on the fabric Color
↳ The vertical, horizontal, diagonal, ↳ adds mood, expression, and enhances the
checkered, broken, and curved appearance of a wardrobe.
lines affect the visual ↳ most important element of design for fashion
representation of an individual’s designing
height, width, and size.
↳ Vertical Lines Principles of Design
⇾ used when you want to become taller and Balance
narrower. The eyes are led to move up and ↳ Seams, hemlines and necklines are used to achieve
down the garment. Vertical lines communicate balance in fashion designing.
dignity, formality, and conservatism. ↳ TWO KINDS of BALANCE:
↳ Horizontal Lines ○ Symmetrical balance
⇾ used when you want to look wider. The eyes → Formal Balance
are led to move across the garment. → Can be achieved with a straight hemline and the
↳ Diagonal Lines amount of weight from the center has the same design
⇾ used to emphasize a part of the body. The on both sides.
eyes are led to where the diagonal line is
used. Diagonal lines are often found in ○ Asymmetrical balance
V-neckline, flared skirts, or pants → Informal Balance
↳ Curvy Lines → Clothes like skirts with uneven hemlines have an
⇾ used to emphasize body curves. The eyes are asymmetrical or informal balance. The sides of a dress
led around the garment. Curved lines are have different designs from the center.
found in necklines, sleeves, fitted skirts, and
shirred areas of the garment Rhythm
↳ Jagged Lines ↳ Achieved when the eyes of an observer move over
⇾ suggest illusion of excitement, drama, and any garment.
confusion. The eyes are drawn to where they ↳ Repetition, gradation and radiation are techniques
add emphasis to an area of the body. for creating rhythm in colors, lines, sizes, and shapes
Emphasis Bust Point Width
↳ achieved when a particular part of a design attracts ↳ measurement taken from the bust point to bust point.
the eyes.
↳ the contrast of colors, textures, lines, or unusual Waist
shapes in clothing is used to emphasize a design. ↳ measurement taken around the middle part of the
body just above your belly.
Proportion
↳ In fashion and design, this means the size and scale Hipline
of any part of the garment in relation to the size of ↳ measurement taken around the middle part of the
the whole. body just below your belly.
↳ important in outfits to achieve certain effects.
Armhole
Harmony ↳ measure from the tip of the shoulder around the
↳ Unity in all the elements of design like color, line, circumference of the armhole.
shape, and texture, and the principles of design like
balance, proportion, rhythm, and emphasis. B. Vertical Measurements
Body Figure
Taking the Essential Body ● Back - measure from the center of the
shoulder back down to the waistline.
Measurements ● Front - measure from the center of the
shoulder over the fullest part of the bust down
to the waistline.
Things to remember in taking your precise body
measurements
Bust Height
1. Tape measure
↳ measure from the center of the shoulder tip of the
2. Wear comfortable slips or undergarments that
bust.
you usually wear with your clothes.
3. Tie a ribbon or string around your natural
Length of the Blouse
waistline at the narrowest point.
↳ measurement from the nape down to the desired
4. Measure your body at the points illustrated,
length.
holding the tape measure comfortably snug but
not too tight.
Sleeve length
5. For accurate measurement, stand straight and
↳ measurement taken from the shoulder point down to
tall, feet together, and arms at your side.
the desired length of the sleeves.
6. Write your measurements and the date taken
with a pencil on the measurement chart.
Skirt length
↳ taken from the waistline to the desired length of the
Parts of the Body to be Measured
skirt.
A. Horizontal Measurements
Shoulder Width
↳ Taken from one shoulder point to the other.
● Back - measurement taken from the tip of the
left shoulder bone to the right shoulder bone.
● Front - measurement taken from the tip of the
right shoulder bone to the left shoulder bone.
Chest
↳ Taken above the bust.
Drafting A Skirt
↳ In drafting a pattern for a certain garment,
procedures should be followed step-by-step using the
body measurement taken. To draft the basic skirt
pattern body measurements are needed. This will then
be the starting point for all kinds of skirts.
Measurement Needed:
Procedures: Front pattern
1. Construct vertical and horizontal lines, then
mark point A at the intersection line.
2. A to B-Hip depth (standard 7 ́ ́), then draw a
horizontal line
3. A to C –skirt length minus 1 ½ inch for the
waist band, then draw a horizontal line.
4. C to C1 -1/2" downward, then a horizontal line
5. C to D –½ of bottom circumference
6. A to E -1/4 of waist measure plus 1 ́
7. A to A1 –½ inch downward.
8. B to F –¼ of hip measure plus ½ ́
9. Connect F to D with L -square.
10. Shape C1 to D with the use of the hip curve.
11. Note. A1 to C should equal E to D.
Procedures: Dart
1. A to N – ½ of apex distance.
2. N to M – 3 ½ ́ ́or 4 ́ ́
3. N to O - ½ ́ ́
4. N to P –½ ́ ́, then connect the point as
illustrated.
Procedures: Back pattern
1. A to A1 –¼ ́ ́downward, then draw a horizontal
line
2. A to E –¼ of waist measure plus 1
3. A to B-Hip depth (standard 7 ́ ́), then draw a
horizontal line.
4. B to F –¼ of hip measure plus ¼ ́ ́
5. A to C –skirt length downward, then draw a
horizontal line
6. C to D –½ of bottom circumference
7. Point A to C is equal to point E to D, then
shape with hip curve.
8. Make a Dart
