Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

Module 6 Title: Deflection of Beams

Module Introduction/Rationale:

In this module, we will consider the deflection of statically determinate beams.

Module Outcomes:
CO3: Analyze statically determinate and indeterminate structures.

Lesson 1 Title: Deflection of Beams

Lesson Outcomes:
At the end of this topic the learner should be able to:
1. solve the deflection of beams using double integration method
2. solve the maximum deflection of common types of beams
3. solve the cross-section of a rectangular beam
4. solve the other parameters from the maximum deflection formula

DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

From Double Integration Method

EI y ’’ = M
EI y ’ = ∫ Mdx + C1 ----------------------- Slope Equation
EI y = ∫∫ Mdxdx + C1 x + C2 ------------ Deflection Equation

Where: M = bending moment equation

EI = flexural rigidity
E = modulus of elasticity
I = moment of inertia
C1 and C2 = constants of integration
y = deflection of beam

ECONOMICAL SECTION

In designing a rectanglar beam, mostly it is assumed that d = 2b.

From the Moment of Inertia for Rectanglar Beam

bd 3
I but d = 2b
12
b(2b) 3
I
12
8b 4
I
12
(12) I = 8b4
12I
b4 =
8
12I
b= 4
8
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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

Deflection Formulas for Various Static Loading Conditions

Figure 1: Simple Beam – Figure 2: Simple Beam – Uniformly

Concentrated Load at the Center Distributed Load

P
w

½L ½L L

δmax δmax

PL3 5wL4
δmax = δmax =
48EI 384EI

Figure 3: Simple Beam – Two Equal Figure 4: Simple Beam – Three Equal
Concentrated Loads Symmetrically Concentrated Loads Symmetrically
Placed Placed
P P P P P

⅓L ⅓L ⅓L 1/4 L 1/4 L 1/4 L 1/4 L

δmax δmax

23PL3 19PL3
δmax = δmax =
648EI 384EI

Note: the deflected beam (color blue) is the elastic curve

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

Figure 5: Cantilever Beam – Figure 6: Cantilever Beam – Uniformly

Concentrated Load at Free End Distributed Load

P
w

L L

δmax δmax
PL3 wL4
δmax = δmax =
3EI 8EI

Figure 7: Cantilever Beam – Uniformly

Varying Load

δmax

wL4
δmax =
30EI

Note: the deflected beam (color blue) is the elastic curve

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

Sample Problem
1. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of the rectangular beam at a distance of 3.0
meters from the left support (R1) if E = 27 GPa and the cross section of the beam is 200 mm x 425 mm.

10 KN 10 KN
20 KN/m 20 KN/m

2m 3m 2m 3m 6m
6m

R1 R2
Solution:
Solve for the reactions
Take a moment at R1
ΣMR1 = 0
0 = (20KN/m) (6 m) (8 m) + (10KN) (2 m) – R2 (11 m)
0 = 960 + 20 – R2 (11)
R2 = 89.09 KN

Take a moment at R2
0 = R1 (11 m) – (20KN/m) (6 m) (3 m) – (10 KN) (9 m) 10 KN
0 = R1 (11 m) – 360 – 90 20 KN/m
R1 = 40.91 KN

Assume distance “X” at a point closer to R2 2m 3m 6m

R1 = 40.91 KN R2 = 89.09 KN
X

Take a moment at point “X” (clockwise is positive)

ΣMX = 0
X5 10 KN
MX = R1 (X) – 10 KN (X – 2) – 20 KN/m (X – 5)  
 2  20 KN/m
20
MX = (40.91) (X) – 10 (X – 2) – X  52
2
X
M = 40.91X – 10(X – 2) – 10 X  52
EI y ’’ = M 2m 3m X–5m
EI y ’’ = 40.91X – 10(X – 2) – 10 X  52
R1 = 40.91 KN X–2m
First Integration (use power formula)
40.91X 2 10(X  2) 2 10(X  5) 3 X
EI y ’ = – –  C1
2 2 3
EI y ’ = 20.45X 2  5(X  2)2  3.33(X  5) 3  C 1 Slope equation

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

EI y ’ = 20.45X 2  5(X  2)2  3.33(X  5) 3  C 1 slope equation

Second Integration (use power formula)

20.45X 3 5(X  2) 3 3.33(X  5) 4
EI y =    C1X  C2
3 3 4
EI y = 6.82X 3  1.67(X  2) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2 deflection equation

From the deflection equation, solve for C1 and C2

EI y = 6.82X 3  1.67(X  2) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2

when X = 0 (at R1) Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)

EI (0) = 6.82(0) 3  1.67(0  2) 3  0.83(0  5) 4  C 1 (0)  C 2

Note: term in parentheses with negative values are assumed to be zero
C2 = 0

when X = 11.0 m (from R1 to R2) Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)

EI (0) = 6.82(11) 3  1.67(11  2) 3  0.83(11  5) 4  C 1 (11)  0

0 = 9077.42 – 1217.43 – 1075.68 + C1 (11)
2
C1 = – 616.76 KN-m

Go back to deflection equation (supply the value of C1 and C2)

EI y = 6.82X 3  1.67(X  2) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2
EI y = 6.82X 3  1.67(X  2) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  616.76X final equation

From the problem determine the deflection at 3.0 meters from R1

at X = 3.0 meters (use the final equation)

EI y = 6.82X 3  1.67(X  2) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  616.76X
EI y = 6.82(3) 3  1.67(3  2) 3  0.83(3  5) 4  616.76(3)
Note: term in parentheses with negative values are assumed to be zero

EI y = 6.82(3) 3  616.76(3) = – 1666.14 KN-m

3

1666.14 3
Y=  KN-m (negative sign indicates a downward deflection)
EI

bd 3 (200)(425) 3 9 4 3
I = = 1.28x10 mm E = 27 GPa = 27x10 MPa
12 12
3 4 3
1 KN-m = 1000 N-mm
1666.14(1000) 4
Y= 
(27x10 3 )(1.28x10 9 )
δ = Y = – 48.21 mm answer

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

2. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of the loaded beam at a distance of 4.0
meters from the left support (R1). Assume EI = constant

30 KN 30 KN
12 KN/m 12 KN/m

5m 3m 2m 5m 3m 2m

R1 R2
Solution:
Solve for the reactions
Take a moment at R1
ΣMR1 = 0
R2 = 39 KN
30 KN
Take a moment at R2
R1 = 51 KN 12 KN/m 12 KN/m

X
5m 3m
Assume distance “X” at a point closer to R2 X–8m
Note: The 12 KN/m uniform load extends until R2 for
continuity of loading and adding an equal R1 = 51 KN
upward load to cancel its effect.
12 KN/m

X–5m

X
Take a moment at point “X” (clockwise is positive)
ΣMX = 0
X X5
MX = R1 (X) – 12 KN/m (X)   – 30KN (X – 8) + 12 KN/m(X – 5)  
2  2 
12X 2 12(X  5) 2
MX = 51 (X) – – 30 (X – 8) +
2 2
M = 51X  6X 2  30(X  8)  6(X  5)2
EI y ’’ = M
EI y ’’ = 51X  6X 2  30(X  8)  6(X  5)2

First Integration (use power formula)

51X 2 6X 3 30(X  8)2 6(X  5) 3
EI y ’ =     C1
2 3 2 3
EI y ’ = 25.50X 2  2(X) 3  15(X  8) 2  2(X  5) 3  C 1 Slope equation

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

EI y ’ = 25.50X 2  2(X) 3  15(X  8) 2  2(X  5) 3  C 1 Slope equation

Second Integration (use power formula)

25.50X 3 2(X) 4 15(X  8) 3 2(X  5) 4
EI y =    C1X  C 2
3 4 3 4
EI y = 8.50X 3  0.50(X) 4  5(X  8) 3  0.50(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2 deflection equation

From the deflection equation, solve for C1 and C2

EI y = 8.50X 3  0.50(X) 4  5(X  8) 3  0.50(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2

when X = 0 (at R1)

Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)
C2 = 0

when X = 10.0 m (from R1 to R2) Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)

EI (0) = 8.50(10) 3  0.50(10) 4  5(10  8) 3  0.50(10  5) 4  C 1 (10)  C 2

0 = 8500 – 5000 – 40 + 312.50 + C1 (10)
2
C1 = – 377.25 KN-m

Go back to deflection equation (supply the value of C1 and C2)

EI y = 8.50X 3  0.50(X) 4  5(X  8) 3  0.50(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2
EI y = 8.50X 3  0.50(X) 4  5(X  8) 3  0.50(X  5) 4  377.25X final equation

From the problem determine the deflection at 4.0 meters from R1

at X = 4.0 meters (use the final equation)

EI y = 8.50X 3  0.50(X) 4  5(X  8) 3  0.50(X  5) 4  377.25X
EI y = 8.50(4) 3  0.50(4) 4  5(4  8) 3  0.50(4  5) 4  377.25(4)
Note: term in parentheses with negative values are assumed to be zero

EI y = 8.50(4) 3  0.50(4) 4  377.25(4) = – 1093 KN-m

3

1093 3
Y=  KN-m (negative sign indicates a downward deflection)
EI

1093 3
δ= Y=  KN-m answer
EI

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

3. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection at the overhang of the loaded beam shown.
Assume EI = constant

30 KN 30 KN
20 KN/m 20 KN/m

2m 3m 1.5 m 2m 3m 1.5 m

R1 R2
Solution:
Solve for the reactions
Take a moment at R1
ΣMR1 = 0
R2 = 81 KN
30 KN
Take a moment at R2 20 KN/m 20 KN/m
R1 = 9 KN
X

2m 3m X–5m
Assume distance “X” at a point after R2 for overhang
Note: The 20 KN/m uniform load extends after R2 for R1 = 9 KN R2 = 81 KN
continuity of loading and adding an equal
upward load to cancel its effect. X–2m

20 KN/m

X–5m
Take a moment at point “X” (clockwise is positive)
ΣMX = 0 X
 X 2 X5
MX = R1 (X) – 20 KN/m (X– 2)   + 81 KN (X – 5) + 20 KN/m(X – 5)  
 2   2 
20(X  2)2 20(X  5)2
MX = 9 (X) – + 81 (X – 5) +
2 2
M = 9X  10(X  2) 2  81(X  5)  10(X  5)2
EI y ’’ = M
EI y ’’ = 9X  10(X  2) 2  81(X  5)  10(X  5)2

First Integration (use power formula)

9X 2 10(X  2) 3 81(X  5) 2 10(X  5) 3
EI y ’ =     C1
2 3 2 3
EI y ’ = 4.50X 2  3.33(X  2) 3  40.50(X  5)2  3.33(X  5) 3  C 1 Slope equation

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

EI y ’ = 4.50X 2  3.33(X  2) 3  40.50(X  5)2  3.33(X  5) 3  C 1 Slope equation

Second Integration (use power formula)

4.50X 3 3.33(X  2) 4 40.50(X  5) 3 3.33(X  5) 4
EI y =     C1 X  C2
3 4 3 4
EI y = 1.50X 3  0.83(X  2) 4  13.5(X  5) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2 deflection equation

From the deflection equation, solve for C1 and C2

EI y = 1.50X 3  0.83(X  2) 4  13.5(X  5) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2

when X = 0 (at R1)

Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)
C2 = 0

when X = 5.0 m (from R1 to R2) Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)

EI (0) = 1.50(5) 3  0.83(5  2) 4  13.5(5  5) 3  0.83(5  5) 4  C 1 (5)  C 2

0 = 187.50 – 67.23 + C1 (5)
2
C1 = – 24.05 KN-m

Go back to deflection equation (supply the value of C1 and C2)

EI y = 1.50X 3  0.83(X  2) 4  13.5(X  5) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  C 1 X  C 2
EI y = 1.50X 3  0.83(X  2) 4  13.5(X  5) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  24.05X final equation

Determine the deflection at the overhang

at X = 6.50 meters (use the final equation)

EI y = 1.50X 3  0.83(X  2) 4  13.5(X  5) 3  0.83(X  5) 4  24.05X
EI y = 1.50(6.50) 3  0.83(6.50  2) 4  13.5(6.50  5) 3  0.83(6.50  5) 4  24.05(6.50)
3
EI y = – 34.98 KN-m

34.98 3
Y=  KN-m (negative sign indicates a downward deflection)
EI

34.98 3
δ= Y=  KN-m answer
EI

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

4. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection at the overhang of the loaded beam shown.
Assume EI = constant

50 KN 16 KN 50 KN 16 KN

2m 4m 2m 2m 4m 2m

R1 R2
Solution:
Solve for the reactions
Take a moment at R1
ΣMR1 = 0
R2 = 38 KN 50 KN 10 KN

Take a moment at R2
R1 = 28 KN X

Assume distance “X” at a point after R2 for overhang 2m 4m

R1 = 28 KN R2 = 38 KN
Take a moment at point “X” (clockwise is positive)
ΣMX = 0 X–6m
MX = R1 (X) – 50 KN (X– 2) + R2 (X – 6)
MX = 28 (X) – 50 (X – 2) + 38 (X – 6) X–2m
M = 28 (X) – 50 (X – 2) + 38 (X – 6)
EI y ’’ = M
EI y ’’ = 28 (X) – 50 (X – 2) + 38 (X – 6) X

First Integration (use power formula)

28X 2 50(X  2)2 38(X  6) 2
EI y ’ =    C1
2 2 2
EI y ’ = 14X 2  25(X  2) 2  19(X  6)2  C 1 Slope equation

Second Integration (use power formula)

14X 3 25(X  2) 3 19(X  6) 3
EI y =    C1X  C2
3 3 3
EI y = 4.67X 3  8.33(X  2) 3  6.33(X  6) 3  C 1 X  C 2 deflection equation

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

From the deflection equation, solve for C1 and C2

EI y = 4.67X 3  8.33(X  2) 3  6.33(X  6) 3  C 1 X  C 2

when X = 0 (at R1)

Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)
C2 = 0

when X = 6.0 m (from R1 to R2) Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)

EI (0) = 4.67(6) 3  8.33(6  2) 3  6.33(6  6) 3  C 1 (6)  C 2

0 = 1008.72 – 533.12 + C1 (6)
2
C1 = – 79.27 KN-m

Go back to deflection equation (supply the value of C1 and C2)

EI y = 4.67X 3  8.33(X  2) 3  6.33(X  6) 3  C 1 X  C 2
EI y = 4.67X 3  8.33(X  2) 3  6.33(X  6) 3  7.27X final equation

Determine the deflection at the overhang

at X = 8.0 meters (use the final equation)

EI y = 4.67X 3  8.33(X  2) 3  6.33(X  6) 3  7.27X

EI y = 4.67(8) 3  8.33(8  2) 3  6.33(8  6) 3  7.27(8)
3
EI y = + 584.24 KN-m

584.24 3
Y=  KN-m (positive sign indicates an upward deflection)
EI

584.24 3
δ= Y=  KN-m answer
EI

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

5. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection at the free-end of the loaded cantilever
beam shown. Assume EI = constant

30 KN/m
30 KN/m

1m 3m
1m 3m

Solution: R1
Solve for the reactions
Using ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
R1 = (30 KN/m) (3 m)
R! = 90 KN

M = – 225 KN- m 30 KN/m

Take a moment at R
ΣMR = 0
MR = (30 KN/m) (3 m) (1.5m + 1.0 m) X
MR = 225 KN-m
1m
 M = – 225 KN-m (counter clockwise direction)
X–1m

Assume distance “X” near the free-end R1 = 90 KN

X
Take a moment at point “X” (clockwise is positive)
ΣMX = 0
 X 1 0
MX = R1 (X) – 30 KN/m (X– 1)   – 225 KN-m (X)
 2 
30(X  1) 2 0
MX = 90 (X) – – 225 (X)
2
2 0
M = 90 (X) – 15 (X – 1) – 225 (X)
EI y ’’ = M
2 0
EI y ’’ = 90 (X) – 15 (X – 1) – 225 (X)

First Integration (use power formula)

90X 2 15(X  1) 3
EI y ’ =   225X  C 1
2 3
EI y ’ = 45X 2  5(X  1) 3  225X  C 1 Slope equation

Second Integration (use power formula)

45X 3 5(X  1) 4 225X 2
EI y =    C1 X  C 2
3 4 2
EI y = 15X 3  1.25(X  1) 4  112.50X 2  C 1 X  C 2 deflection equation

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

From the deflection equation, solve for C1 and C2

EI y = 15X 3  1.25(X  1) 4  112.50X 2  C 1 X  C 2

when X = 0 (at R1)

Y = 0 (no deflection at the support)
C2 = 0

when X = 0 m (from R1 to R2)

C1 = 0 (since there is no R2)

Go back to deflection equation (supply the value of C1 and C2)

EI y = 15X 3  1.25(X  1) 4  112.50X 2  C 1 X  C 2
EI y = 15X 3  1.25(X  1) 4  112.50X 2 final equation

Determine the deflection at the free-end

at X = 4.0 meters (use the final equation)

EI y = 15X 3  1.25(X  1) 4  112.50X 2

EI y = 15(4) 3  1.25(4  1) 4  112.50(4)2
3
EI y = – 941.25 KN-m

941.25 3
Y=  KN-m (negative sign indicates a downward deflection)
EI

941.25 3
δ= Y=  KN-m answer
EI

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

6. Determine the maximum deflection of a simple beam shown in the figure if E = 20 GPa.
5 KN 5 KN

7 KN/m
325 mm

2m 2m 2m
175 mm

Solution: bd 3 (175)(325) 3
Formula for ϒmax is a combination of I =
12 12
Figure 2 & 3 6
I = 500.62x10 mm
4

5wL4 23PL3 5wL4 23PL3

ϒmax = + ϒmax = +
384EI 648EI 384EI 648EI
5(7)(6000) 4 23(5000)(6000) 3
L = 6.0 m = 6000 mm ϒmax = +
P = 5 KN = 5000 N 384(20x10 3 )(500.62x10 6 ) 648(20x10 3 )(500.62x10 6 )
w = 7 KN/m = 7 N/mm ϒmax = 11.80 + 3.83
3
E = 20 GPa = 20x10 MPa ϒmax = 15.63 mm answer

7. Determine the cross-section of a rectangular simple beam with a span of 5.0 meters if the maximum
deflection is limited to 20 mm and E = 18 GPa.
8 KN

12 KN/m
d

2.50 m 2.50 m
b
Solution:
Formula for ϒmax is a combination of 5.43x10 9 1.16x10 9
Figure 1 & 2 20 = 
I I
6.59x10 9
5wL4 PL3 20 =
ϒmax = + I
384EI 48EI
6.59x10 9 6 4
I= = 329.5x10 mm
P = 8 KN = 8000 N 20
w = 12 KN/m = 12 N/mm 12I 12(329.5x10 6 )
3
E = 18 GPa = 18x10 MPa b= 4 = 4
8 8
ϒmax = 20 mm
b = 149.10 mm
5wL4 PL3 d = 2b = 2(149.10) = 298.20 mm
ϒmax = +
384EI 48EI
5(12)(5000) 4 (8000)(5000) 3 b = 149.10 mm answer
20 = + d = 298.20 mm answer
384(18x10 3 )I 48(18x10 3 )I

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

8. Determine the safe concentrated load that the 150 mm x 275 mm cantilever beam could carry located
at the free end if the allowable deflection is limited to 5 mm. Use E = 21 GPa.

12 KN/m
275 mm

1.50 m
150 mm

Solution:
Formula for ϒmax is a combination of
Figure 5 & 6

PL3 wL4
PL3 wL4 ϒmax = +
ϒmax = + 3EI 8EI
3EI 8EI
P(1500) 3 (12)(1500) 4
5= +
L = 1.5 m = 1500 mm 3(21x10 3 )(259.96x10 6 ) 8(21x10 3 )(259.96x10 6 )
w = 12 KN/m = 12 N/mm
3 –6
E = 21 GPa = 21x10 MPa 5 = 206.08x10 P + 1.39
ϒmax = 5 mm –6
5 – 1.39 = 206.08x10 P
5  1.39
P=
bd 3 (150)(275) 3 206.08x10 6
I =
12 12 P = 17,517.47 N
6 4
I = 259.96x10 mm P = 17.52 KN answer

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 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

Problem Set No: 1 (Module 6)

1. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of beam at a distance of 4.0 meters from the
left support (R1) if EI is constant.
10 KN
20 KN
30 KN/m

2m 1m 5m
2. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of beam at a distance of 7.0 meters from the
left support (R1) if EI is constant.
18 KN

20 KN/m

5m 4m

3. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of beam at a distance of 3.50 meters from
the left support (R1) if EI is constant.

10 KN 30 KN 20 KN

3m 3m 2m 2m

4. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of beam at a distance of 5.0 meters from the
left support (R1) if EI is constant.
10 KN 20 KN

16 KN/m

2m 4m 4m
5. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of beam at the overhang if EI is constant.
10 KN
20 KN/m

5m 3m 2m

16
 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

6. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of beam at the overhang if EI is constant.

14 KN
20 KN/m

1m 1m 5m 2m

7. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection of beam at a distance of 2.0 meters from the
left support (R1) if EI is constant.
15 KN 40 KN
10 KN/m

1m 2m 4m 3m

8. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection at the free-end of the loaded cantilever
beam shown. Assume EI = constant
12 KN

18 KN/m

1m 3m

9. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection at the free-end of the loaded cantilever
beam shown. Assume EI = constant

10 KN
15 KN/m

2m 2m

10. Using Double Interation Method, determine the deflection at the free-end of the loaded cantilever
beam shown. Assume EI = constant
20 KN 10 KN 5 KN

1m 2m 1m

17
 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

11. Determine the maximum deflection of the loaded cantilever beam shown in the figure if the cross-
section of the beam is 150mmx 300 mm. Use E = 19 GPa.

12 KN/m
10 KN

300 mm

1.90 m

150 mm

12. Determine the safe uniform load that the 175 mm x 375 mm simple beam could carry over a length of
8.0 meters if the allowable deflection is limited to 18 mm. Use E = 21.80 GPa.

6 KN 6 KN 6 KN

w
375 mm

2m 2m 2m 2m
175 mm

13. Determine the cross-section of a rectangular simple beam with a span of 7.0 meters if the maximum
deflection is limited to 16 mm and E = 10 GPa.

14 KN/m

7.0 m

14. Determine the required length of 150 mm x 325 mm cantilever beam that could carry a uniformly
distributed load of 15 KN/m if the allowable deflection is limited to 3.00 mm and E = 16 GPa.

15 KN/m

325 mm

150 mm

18
 Notes in Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

15. Determine the safe concentrated load that the 200 mm x 400 mm simple beam could carry over a
length of 8.0 meters if the allowable deflection is limited to 16 mm. Use E = 20.50 GPa.

P P

12 KN/m
400 mm

2m 2m 2m
200 mm

16. Determine the cross-section of a rectangular cantilever beam with a length of 2.0 meters if the
maximum deflection is limited to 6 mm and E = 19.50 GPa.
5 KN

10 KN/m
d

2.00 m
b

17. Determine the maximum deflection of the loaded simple beam shown in the figure if the cross-
section of the beam is 250mmx 450 mm. Use E = 18.75 GPa.
20 KN

16 KN/m
450 mm

3.0 m 3.0 m

250 mm

18. Determine the safe uniformly varying load that the 175 mm x 300 mm cantilever beam could carry
over a length of 1.75 meters if the allowable deflection is limited to 3.50 mm. Use E = 20.50 GPa.

w 12 KN

300 mm

1.75 m

175 mm

19