RESTRICTED CHAPTER 11 THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE - DISSEMINATION GENERAL 1. Dissemination is defined as the timely conveyance of intelligence in an appropriate form and by any suitable means to those who need it. The manner and form of dissemination are governed by the following principles: a. Timeliness. Speed of dissemination is essential to ensure that intelligence is received in time to be of use for planning or decision making. b. Accuracy. All facts which are reported must be checked carefully and an assessment of their accuracy given. c Brevity. Reports must be kept as brief as possible, but at the same time include everything that the recipient needs to know. Commanders seldom have time to wade through lengthy documents or listen to various oral briefings, as such, maximum use of traces, annexes, and facsimile processes should be made to cover additional detail. 67 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED d. Interpretation. Whenever possible all facts my "i be correctly evaluated and their significance interpreteg before dissemination. In all Intelligence Reports Whethe, oral orwritten, a clear distinction must be preserved betwee, | established facts and the deductions made from them. jy written reports, such interpretation must be made clear, e. Standardiz: n. Reports are understood More quickly if they are laid out in logical sequence under standard headings. The format should be covered in standing operation procedures. f. Distribution. Intelligence staff are responsible for ensuring that all intelligence or information is passed to other intelligence staffto whose area of interest it applies. g. Regularity. Items of obvious urgency must be disseminated as they occur and should not be held for inclusion in routine intelligence summaries which are originated at regular intervals. Care should be taken ! avoid overloading communication systems, and whilst regular routine reporting is necessary, repetition should be avoided by the use of phrases such as “No change’ referring to previous reports. n. Security. Whilst excessive secrecy can rende! intelligence ineffective, itis important that it be disseminat®? on a Strictly ‘need to know’ basis and that, in the case ° 68 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED written intelligence messages, classification be realistically assi such messages may be sent in intercept them, the appropriate security essed. As a general rule, clear only if, should enemy they will have no time to react. Such safeguards will go far towards ensuring the security of our own operations and Preserving the security of our sources. The need to protect the latter is paramount, The enemy may have no time to redeploy his forces to meet a new tactical situation, but he may have plenty of time to deal with a compromised source, Particularly one located within his own area of influence. METHOD OF DISSEMINATION 2. Intelligence may be disseminated by one or both of the following means: a. Oral. This saves time, allows for on-the-spot questions and discussion and can be illustrated by a visual display. Itcan have an immediate impact on commanders. b. Written. Following standard sequences, this allows for formal recording of intelligence estimates and written briefs remain available for reference. ORAL DISSEMINATION 3. Types. There are two types of oral briefings: 69 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED a Impromptu. To meet the immediate needs of , commander or visitor who wants to be brought up to ate oe rapidly as possible. b. Formal. Which needs proper preparation and presentation. In a unit, company or squadron commanders will normally be given a short, formal intelligence briefing before a planned operation or before moving into anew area 4. Sequence. Briefings should always follow a logical sequence anda uniform pattern by: a. Being confined to relevant information and intelligence about the enemy and our own area of interest,. b. Giving the facts. c After each fact, or group of facts, introducing interpretation or deduction by “we believe” Or “it seems cleat from this that’, d. Concluding with an assessment of enemy capabilities and intentions, Provide: : d there is enough information to mak? this possible, e. Detailed notes On intel limited war Situations are ata . yf ligence briefings for general © nnexA, 70 RESTRICTED5. RESTRICTED Preparation. The success of an oral briefing depends largely on careful preparation and rehearsal to ensure: 6. a. Clarity. Visual aids such as maps, diagrams, air photographs, vu-foils and Slides should be used whenever possible so that the audience can see what is pointed out rather than be compelled to listen to long explanations. b. Relevance. The intelligence officer giving the briefing must always keep in mind the level of his own unit or headquarters and that of the audience he is briefing, e.g. troop or platoon commanders will not normally need to know the corps picture. c. Brevity. Intelligence officers must train themselves to give comprehensive briefings in the minimum of time, assisted by the issue of confirmatory notes covering the salient point if necessary. Headings. Some guidance on the headings for both General and detailed briefings in war is given at Annex B. WRITTEN DISSEMINATION 7. ion used by intelligence staff The forms of written disseminal *talllevels are as listed below: 71 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED a. Situat on_Reports_(SITREP). This is a g3 (operations) reports but the intelligence staff write the ‘enemy’ paragraph, see specimen at Annex C. Itis submitteg at regular intervals, as laid down in formation standing operating procedures and covers the period since the last SITREP. b. Intelligence Report (INTREP'). | See specimen at Annex D. Used for the immediate dissemination of information or intelligence with or without comment, to those immediately concerned, and which is judged to be too urgent to await the next routine report. c. Intelligence Summary (INTSUM). See specimen atAnnex E. The standard form of routine report, originated at regular laid down intervals, containing a summary of all important items of information and intelligence within the period covered. d. Supplementary Intelligence Repor (SUPINTREP): Adetailed form of report originated as and when necessary t0 met @ Special situation, containing more comprehensive in| i Ormation than C above. It will often be appropriate to use the same sequenc © of head intelligence briefings, ings used for intellig 72 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED e. Pict orial_Intelligence Summary (PICTINTSUM) is m_ of ‘written is the most easily understood form of written dissemination and can be prepared to any level where reproduction facilities exist, (See Annexes F and G). Itcan be drawn as a trace on Overlay, and on it must be noted any information, such as possible enemy courses, which cannot be shown pictorially or by conventional symbols, Such material can be disseminated by facsimile transmission system, or by courieras an overlay sketch or talc print. f. Preliminary Technical Intelligence Report PRETECHREP). See Annex H. This is a report warning the technical intelligence staff at corps headquarters of the discovery or capture of a piece of enemy equipment of intelligence value. It is originated by the capturing unit and passed back through intelligence channels. PUBLICATIONS 8. Information and intelligence obtained from a number of sources is published and disseminated by various agencies to Selected Military Commands and within the Ministry of Defence. The agencies include the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) and Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) some of whose products reach Commands at home and overseas. Commands may in turn disseminate to formation as required. 73 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED 9 The Defence Intelligence Staff publications which commands may expectto receive are: mpeaogD Handbook on foreign armies. Orders of Battle. Forms-at-a-glance. Defence Weekly Intelligence Summaries. Special studies on specific subjects. . Publications containing information on logistics and dealing with such subject as: (1) @) @) 2) (6) (6) SUMMARY 10. Made fri Both unevaluated facts ‘om them (i.e, intelligen, Fixed defences. Topography. Health. Terrain. Communications, Special Maps. (ie, information) and the deductions Ce) will need to be disseminated, bu 74 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED the greatest care must be taken to preserve the distinction between the two. The most accurate and reliable intelligence is useless if it arrives too late. It must always be stated in a totally unambiguous form. Urgent information must be passed on immediately and there must be regular summaries of the intelligence situation. Briefings, whether spoken or written, must be clear, relevant and concise, the shorter a message or briefing, the easier it is to remember. Arecord of all dissemination, written or spoken, formal or impromptu, must be entered in the intelligence log. SUMMARY OF THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE 11. The intelligence cycle refers to a logical system of thoughts and actions involved in the production of intelligence required by a commander for the planning and conduct of operations. As the commander's mission may be subject to change and the enemy will seldom remain inactive, there is aneed for a constant review of the estimate of enemy capabilities and intentions and of our own intelligence requirements. The efficient functioning of the intelligence cycle as a continuous process, linked with good Cooperation between intelligence and operational staffs and the Proper use of available sources and agencies, meet these Constantly changing requirements. of this procedure for collecting and processing 12. The success igence will depend to a great information and disseminating intell ®xtent on the skill, experience and stale of training of the intelligence 75 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED staff. In a unit (the intelligence officer is responsible for the Correct operation of the cycle, though his ability to comment on information will depend on his experience. The unit commander may Personally evaluate many of the reports coming in and make his own estimates of enemy capabilities and intentions. 76 RESTRICTED