4

Abatement of
Pollution
 Annual Report 2006-2007

Control of Pollution in March, 2003 for 17 categories of polluting

industries and is a road map for progressive
Introduction
improvement in environmental management. For
In the present scenario of increasing effective implementation of the Charter, eight task
urbanization, industrial and vehicular pollution as forces comprising of experts and members from
well as pollution of water courses due to discharge institutions and industry associations have been
of effluents without confirming to the constituted. These task forces are meeting regularly
environmental norms and standards, the concern to monitor and to provide guidance to the industries
for environmental quality has become an issue of for adopting necessary pollution abatement
concern. Realizing this trend of pollution in various measures. A meeting of the Steering Committee
environmental media like air and water, soil etc., was also held to review the progress of the work of
the Ministry adopted policy for abatement of the task forces, wherein it was resolved that it should 4
pollution, which provides multi-pronged strategies be endeavour of the task forces to comply with the
in the form of regulations, legislations, agreements, milestones through more regular meetings.
fiscal incentives and other measures to prevent and
Environment Pollution (Prevention Control)
abate pollution. To give effect to various measures
Authority for the National Capital Region
and policies for pollution control, various steps have
been initiated which include stringent regulations, ✦ The Environment Pollution (Prevention and
development of environmental standards, control Control) Authority (EPCA) for National
of vehicular pollution, spatial environmental Capital Region was constituted under Sub-
planning etc. section (3) of Section 3 of the EPA on January
29, 1998 vide S.O. No. 93(E) dated January
Progress of activities
29, 1998 under the chairmanship of Dr.
Progress of activities under several Bhure Lal. The tenure of the EPCA was
programmes of control of pollution are as follows. extended from time to time, and at present
These programmes are looked after by Control of extended upto July, 2006 on January 28, 2003
Pollution (CP) Division in the Ministry. vide S.O. No. 99(E).
Development of Environmental Standards ✦ The issues considered by the Authority
In order to abate pollution from various include environment related matters covering
sources, Ministry notifies general as well as industry vehicular pollution control, assessment of
specific emission and effluent standards for various operations and handing over of Common
categories of industries under the provisions of Effluents Treatment Plants (CETPs) in NCR
Environmental (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986. Based to the concerned societies, monitoring of
on development of new pollution control action plans for improvement of air quality
technologies and their feasibility, these standards in seven metro cities etc. and in addition, the
are reviewed from time to time and new ones are matters referred to it by Hon’ble Supreme
notified. During the year, standards/ guidelines in Court in its various judgements.
respect of following have been notified: ✦ EPCA is reporting the compliance status and
special tasks assigned to it to the Hon’ble
✦ Emission Regulation for Rayon Industry
Supreme Court from time to time.
✦ Noise Standards for fire crackers
National Environment Appellate Authority
Charter on Corporate Responsibility for (NEAA)
Environment Protection (CREP) The National Environment Appellate
After a series of industry specific interaction Authority (NEAA) was established under the
meetings, the Charter on Corporate Responsibility National Environment Appellate Authority Act,
for Environmental Protection (CREP) was adopted 1997 (22 of 1997) to hear appeals in regard to
85
 Ministry of Environment & Forests

restriction of areas in which any industries, Ministry has issued various regulations from
operations or class of industries, operations or time to time to control noise pollution in
process shall not be carried out or shall be carried ambient air, at source and at manufacturing
out subject to certain safeguards under the stage. To control community noise, Noise
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and for matter Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules,
connected therewith or accidental thereto. The 2000 were issued in February, 2000, which
authority is located in Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium makes it mandatory for local authorities to
Complex, New Delhi and continued to function control noise levels in their respective areas.
during the year.
✦ In civil Writ Petition No. 72 of 1998
Loss of Ecology (Prevention and Payments of regarding noise pollution – implementation
Compensation) Authority for the State of Tamil of laws for restricting use of loudspeakers and
Nadu high volume producing sound system, the
In compliance with the Hon’ble Supreme Hon’ble Supreme Court in its judgement of
Court’s order dated August 28, 1998 in Writ July, 2005 has given detailed directions
Petition (Civil) No.914 of 1991 viz. Vellore Citizen’s regarding implementation of laws for
Welfare Forum versus Union of India and Others, controlling noise. Subsequently, referring to
the Ministry constituted the Loss of Ecology the amendment of October, 2002 issued by
(Prevention and Payments of Compensation) the Ministry in respect of notification of
Authority for the State of Tamil Nadu under the February, 2000 permitting the use of
Chairmanship of a retired Judge of Madras High loudspeaker or public address system during
Court vide notification SO 671(E) dated September the night hours between 10.00 P.M. to 12.00
30, 1996, to deal with the situation created by the midnight on or during any cultural or
tanneries and other polluting industries in Tamil religious festive occasions of a limited
Nadu. The tenure of the authority has been duration not exceeding 15 days in all during
extended up to March 31, 2007 at present. a calendar year, Hon’ble Supreme Court had
further observed that a limited power of
Recognition of Environmental Laboratory under exemption from operations of noise rules
Environment (Protection) Act, 1996 granted by the Central Government in
The Ministry recognizes the laboratories in exercise of its statutory power cannot be held
exercise of the powers under the Environment unreasonable.
(Protection) Act, 1996. The environmental ✦ In pursuance of these judgements and to
laboratories carry out the functions entrusted to the collect bench mark data, all the regulatory
laboratories under the said Act for the purpose of agencies of the State Government/Union
analysis of samples of air, water, noise and other Territories have been advised to comply with
related environmental parameters. During the year stipulated norms and to draw an Action Plan
the Ministry recognized fourteen laboratories in for ensuring the compliance of the directions.
various places of the country. The concerned agencies have also been
advised to strengthen/establish environmental
Noise Pollution
cells at the State and district levels to check
✦ Noise levels have been a matter of concern noise pollution an also to undertake surveys
due to various activities, religious functions, in major cities specially before and after the
festivals and related celebrations. The main festivals to ensure compliance. Intensive
sources of noise pollution include industrial campaigns were also launched in print and
activities, use of public address system, electronic media about deleterious effects of
construction activities, use of generator sets, noise pollution. For creating awareness, most
pressure horns and fire crackers etc. Keeping of the State Governments have sent their
in view the increasing trend in noise levels, monitoring reports of survey undertaken
86
 Annual Report 2006-2007

before and on Diwali day and the reports Pune, Mumbai, Sholapur, Jodhpur, Chennai,
reveal that there has been a reasonable success Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi and
in arresting menace of noise pollution. Kolkata as equal to or more polluted than
Delhi for which Action Plans for
✦ The noise limits for Diesel Generator (DG)
improvement of air quality have been drawn.
set up to 1000 KVA were notified in May,
2002. After review of the preparedness by the ✦ The CPCB has evolved a format for
manufacturers to comply with the standards, preparation of action plans, which has been
the time for implementation was extended circulated to all State Pollution Control
up to January 1, 2005. While the emission Boards/Committees. The action plans
norms for DG sets above 19 KW and up to emphasize identification of sources of air
800 KW have been made operational since pollution, assessment of pollution load and 4
November, 2004, these norms for DG sets adoption of abatement measures for identified
up to 19 KW have come into effect from July sources. Setting up interdepartmental task
1, 2005. force for implementation of city specific
action plan has also been suggested.
Control of Air Pollution
Auto Fuel Policy
✦ The air pollution and the resultant air quality
can be attributed to emissions from vehicular, ✦ In order to control vehicular pollution, a road
industrial and domestic activities. The air map has been adopted as per the schedule
quality has been, therefore, an issue of social proposed in Auto Fuel Policy, which includes
concern in the backdrop of various use of cleaner fuels, automobile technologies
developmental activities. The norms for and enforcement measures for in use vehicles
ambient air quality and industry specific through improved Pollution Under control
emissions have been notified. For control of (PUC) certification system. As per the Auto
air pollution, with a view to initiate policy Fuel Policy, Bharat Stage-II norms for new
measures and to prepare ambient air quality vehicles have been introduced through out
management plans, 321 Air Quality the country from first April, 2005. However,
Monitoring Stations are operational covering EURO-III equivalent emission norms for all
twenty five States and four Union Territories. new vehicles, except 2-3 wheelers, have been
Out of these, on-line data display is available introduced in 11 major cities from April 1,
in respect of 298 stations. Presently, only the 2005. To meet Bharat Stage-II, EURO-III
criteria pollutants namely; sulphur dioxide, and EUROIV emission norms, matching
oxides of nitrogen and respirable suspended quality of petrol and diesel is being made
particulate matter are monitored by Pollution available.
Control Boards, Universities and Research ✦ Due to multiplicity and complexity of air
Institutes. Besides, additional parameters for polluting sources, apportionment of
other toxic trace matters and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons are also being
monitored in selected cities of the country.
Automatic Air Quality Monitoring Stations
have been set up in Hyderabad and Bangalore
for continuous air quality monitoring.
✦ Keeping in view the monitored data available
on air quality, the Hon’ble Supreme Court
in its various judgements have identified
sixteen cities namely; Hyderabad, Patna,
Ahmedabad, Faridabad, Jharia, Bangalore, Fig 32. A view of fruiting in Jatropha plantation
87
 Ministry of Environment & Forests

contribution to ambient air pollution from Level Institutions for effective environmental
these sources is important for planning cost regulation, improved enforcement for
effective pollution control strategies. In view pollution prevention and improved industrial
of this, a study on “Air Quality Assessment, compliance.
Emission inventory / Source Apportionment
studies for Indian Cities” has been initiated ✦ The project will support the implementation
for major Indian cities. In the first phase, the of the new Government policies that
study would cover six cities viz; Delhi, emphasize enforcement, integration of
Bangalore, Pune, Kanpur, Mumbai and pollution prevention efforts and social
Chennai with focus on apportionment of fine participation. The objective of the project is
particulate matter (RSPM). A Steering to strengthen the environmental management
Committee under the chairmanship of capacity of state regulatory bodies through a
Secretary (E&F) for overall supervision and “learning-by-doing” approach and to
a Technical Committee under the promote investments in integrated pollution
chairmanship of Chairman, CPCB to look management which have a potential for
into and to guide on the technical aspects of scaling up at state level.
the projects have been set up. A common ✦ The proposed integrated approach to
methodology for conducting the study has pollution management is premised on the
been finalized with identification of technical view that a much broader and engaging
institutions for completing the study. institutional effort is needed which: (a) builds
Industrial Pollution Complaints on a framework of regulatory incentives for
pollution reduction; (b) promotes partnership
✦ During the year, the Ministry received about
between public and private entities for
130complaints from various organizations,
improved compliance; (c) facilitates
individuals and NGOs regarding air, water
remediation of past environmental damage;
and noise pollution. Some of the complaints
(d) enhances public awareness through better
were pertaining to discharge of effluents from
access to environmental information, and (e)
industries like tanneries, pulp and paper,
introduces measures for reducing
distillery etc. into water bodies without
environment and health risks to
complying with environmental standards.
communities.
Similarly, complaints of air pollution were
received from people in the vicinity of cement Assistance for Abatement of Pollution
plants, thermal power projects, brick kilns etc.
✦ Under this scheme grants are being provided
These references were responded based on the
to the State Pollution Control Boards/UT
environmental compliance status received
Pollution Control Committees, Environment
from CPCB and State Pollution Control
Departments, Central/State Research
Boards (SPCBs). The SPCBs, in certain cases,
Institutions, and other government agencies/
were advised to regularly monitor the
organizations with the aim of strengthening
environmental compliance.
their technical capabilities to achieve the
Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution objectives of the Policy Statement. Assistance
Management Project (CBIPMP) is also provided to North Eastern Pollution
Control Boards & Pollution Control
✦ The Ministry with the assistance of the World
Committees as salary support for the technical
Bank has initiated a Project on “Capacity
staff. In addition, support is also extended
Building for Industrial Pollution
for undertaking projects for Abatement of
Management Project” (CBIPMP). The
Pollution.
overall objective of the CBIPMP is to
strengthen the capacity of National and State ✦ During the year, financial assistance under
88
 Annual Report 2006-2007

the said scheme was extended to 12 State The focus of the project would be on
Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control protection of environmental resources like
Committees. The Programme will continue water bodies, forests, etc, improving
for the whole of the Tenth Five Year Plan infrastructure and sanitary conditions in the
period. towns and creating aesthetic environs.
Common Effluent Treatment Plant ✦ The Eco-cities Programme was initiated
under the Tenth Plan to bring in visible
✦ This is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme
environmental improvement in the small and
undertaken by the Ministry, for enabling the
medium towns. The following towns have
small scale industries (SSI) to set-up new and
been taken under first phase of Eco-cities
upgrade the existing Common Effluent
programme to bring in visible environmental 4
Treatment Plants in the country. The SSIs are
improvement:
polluting the environment through their
effluents but some of them are unable to ✧ Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh)
afford installation of pollution control ✧ Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh)
equipment. In order to encourage use of new
✧ Puri (Orissa)
technologies for CETPs for existing SSI
clusters of units a Scheme for financial ✧ Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh)
assistance has been formulated as follows: ✧ Kottayam (Kerala)
Pattern of Financial Assistance: ✧ Thanjavour (Tamil Nadu)
✧ State subsidy - 25% of the total project ✦ An Expert Committee has been constituted
cost; for the identification of the projects and
✧ Central subsidy - 25% of the total approval of Environmental Developed Plan
project cost; (EDP) and Detailed Projects Reports. The
project in Kottayam is aimed at rejuvenating
✧ Entrepreneurs contribution - 20% of
Mundar River and Kacherikadavu Boat Jetty
the total project cost;
and Canal that have severe siltation and
✧ Loan from financial institutions - 30% pollution problems. The Project in Ujjain is
of the total project cost; (e.g. IDBI, aimed at improvement around Mahakal
ICICI or any other nationalized Banks, Temple and cleaning of Rudra Sagar Lake,
State Industrial Financial Corporation which is highly silted and polluted with
etc.) sewage, while the project in Vrindavan aims
✦ During this year, an allocation of Rs.4.38 at improvement of historic core of the town
crores has been provided for providing located around Rangnath Temple, the project
financial assistance to the on-going CETP in Tirupati is for improvement of storm water
projects and for new projects. Financial drains in the northern, southern and western
assistance was provided for the on going side of the Gobind Raja Swamy Temple.
projects namely- Mahad, Thane-Belapur, Similarly, project in Puri is to improve around
Tarapur, Maharashtra and Veraval, Gujarat. Jagannath Temple, renovation of three of the
One new Project for setting up of CETP at religious ponds, shifting of garages and
Palsana Gujarat was also provided financial automobile workshop and improvement of
assistance during the year. existing solid waste disposal facility. In
Thanjavur town, the activity on ‘Renovation
Eco-cities of old tanks ‘ has been proposed to be taken
✦ The Eco-cities Project aims at improving the up to protect presently used and potentially
existing environment and at changing those useable aquifers from further degradation and
aspects that are causing environment damage. to facilitates the rainwater harvesting system.
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Industrial Pollution Abatement through through economic benefits by way of increased

Preventive Strategies resource efficiency, innovation and reduced cost for
✦ This Scheme is an amalgamation of the three environmental management. The grant–in-aid
on-going sub-scheme viz. (i) Environmental scheme on development and promotion of clean
Audit; (ii) Adoption of Clean Technologies technology was initiated in 1994 with the following
in small Scale Industries, and (iii) objectives:-
Environmental Statistics and Mapping. ✦ Development and Promotion of Cleaner
The activities undertaken during the year Technologies
under each component of this scheme are:
✦ Development of tools and techniques for
Environmental Audit pollution prevention
✦ Under this component, various studies ✦ Formulation of sustainable Development
relating to preparation of sector specific Strategies
performa have been initiated. Project has been
sponsored to the Central Pollution Control Activities undertaken so far
Board (CPCB) in this regard for development Since the inception of the scheme in 1994,
of environmental statements in the sectors of
activities undertaken include (i) Carrying Capacity
sugar, pesticide, thermal power, cement, Studies in various parts of the country namely
textile, iron & steel, tanneries, Greater Kochi Region, Doon Valley, Damodar River
petrochemicals, oil refineries, pulp & paperBasin, Tapi Estuary and National Capital Region
and bulk drug industries. (NCR); (ii) Natural Resource Accounting Studies
Environmental Statistics & Mapping for Upper Yamuna Basin; (iii) Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) Studies in Thermal Power Plants, Steel, Pulp
Various studies under this component have and Paper and Cement ; and (iv) Other pollution
been initiated through research institution, prevention and waste utilisation and management
organisations, universities and State Pollution studies. Various activities under the scheme are
Control Broads, which are at various stages of looked after by the Clean Technology (CT) Division
completion. During the year, funds were released of the Ministry.
for the following projects under the scheme:-
✦ Techno-Economic suitability of Silt from Progress/Achievements made during the year
Beas-Sutlej Link, Projects in the manufacture Life Cycle Assessment Studies (LCA)
of ordinary Portland cement by National
Council for Cement and Building, Materials, The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Study in
Ballabgarh(Haryana). four cement plants namely, Ambuja Cement,
Kodinar, Distt Junagarh, Gujarat, ACC, Bilaspur,
✦ Sector Specific Awareness Programmes on Himachal Pradesh, Rajshree Cement, Gulbarga,
Environmental Statements including waste Karnataka and Ultratech Cements, Raipur,
minimization, environmental audit and Chattisgarh were completed during the year. A LCA
management system for the industries and Software namely “LCAiT 4.1.7” has been procured
regulatory agencies by CPCB. from Sweden and has been demonstrated at various
Development and Promotion of Cleaner locations identified for evaluation of different
Technology impact parameters. Final Technical Report of the
Study titled” Life cycle Assessment for Cement
Introduction and Objective sector submitted by National Council for Cement
Adoption of cleaner technologies and cleaner and Building Materials, Haryana has also been
production strategies is considered to provide a accepted. Observations and key findings of this
balance between development and environment study will be placed on MoEF website soon.
90
 Annual Report 2006-2007

Field Demonstration and Development of project. The Final Technical Report has been
Bamboo Based Composites/Panels accepted with the condition that the toxicity studies
The ongoing project on field demonstration will be completed by March 2007.
and development of bamboo based composites/ Utilization of Anode Mud and Chips
panels undertaken by Indian Plywood Industries
This study titled “Utilization of Anode Mud
Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI), Bangalore and Chips generated in Zinc Industry for making
was continued during the year. Under this project, Value-added Products” has been sponsored to
commercial production of horizontal and vertical
Regional Research Laboratory, Bhopal. The
laminates have been made using Bambusa bamboo
separation of lead and manganese contents present
species. Construction of nine demonstration houses in the anode mud sample is efficiently achieved by
in north-east using these bamboo based composite 4
acid leaching. The out come of the project is
panels has been completed. IPIRTI is collecting satisfactory. The final technical report of this project
information about the durability and feasibility of
is awaited.
the Bamboo panel. The project is likely to be
completed during the current financial year. Development of a domestic unit for removing
Arsenic from Water
Recycling of Marble Slurry
The study on the Development and
Under the ongoing project “Manufacture of Demonstration of Domestic Unit for Removing
Bricks and Tiles from Marble Slurry,” Indian
Arsenic(v) from Water undertaken by Central Salt
Environmental Society, New Delhi have set up two and Marine Chemicals Research Institute,
demonstration units at Udaipur and Rajsamand
Bhavnagar, Gujarat envisages development and
Districts of Rajasthan, with the aim of utilizing testing of five portable units for scavenging arsenic
marble slurry wastes arising out of marble cutting from raw as well as chemically treated water to meet
and processing. Based on the successful
the drinking water needs of a small family of five
demonstration of technology at the above two for a period of one month. Performance of resin in
locations, the project proponents have been asked
the removal of arsenic under dynamic conditions
to set up brick and tiles manufacturing unit utilizing has been evaluated for treating surface waters and
stone slurry at Kota also. Awareness workshops were deep well waters. The fabricated portable domestic
also organized to promote the usage of bricks made units have been installed at seven field location in
out of marble slurry. Two more demonstration unit West Bengal. The efficiency of these field units are
at Kota have been proposed to be set-up during the
being observed. The final technical report is
monitoring committee meeting. awaited.
Bio-remediation of Railadevi Lake, Thane,
Maharashtra Development of Adhesive from Bio-material
The ongoing demonstration project relating The project has been sponsored to Indian
to cleaning of Railadevi Lake in Thane District in Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute
Maharashtra using bio-remediation technique is in (IPIRTI), Bangalore for development of adhesive
progress and will be completed soon. for use in the manufacture of plywood drawn from
biological materials like tannin from tree bark,
Biodegradable Emulsion Technology for cashew nut shell liquid and lignin obtained from
increasing Shelf Life of fruits and vegetables black liquor wastes generated by Pulp and Paper
The project has been sponsored jointly with Industry. The material so developed will replace
Ministries of (i) Science & Technology, (ii) Rural existing adhesives based on organic compounds like
Development and (iii) Food Processing Industries. phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde. In a
Pilot Plant for treatment of fruits and vegetables recent Monitoring Committee Meeting it was
with biodegradable emulsion has been set up at IIT, decided to collect more information for
Delhi. They have completed the 1st phase of the development of bio-adhesives.
91
 Ministry of Environment & Forests

New Projects pollution and facilitating them to adopt

cleaner production practices leading to
Fourth meeting of the Evaluation and
preventive strategies. It has also provided a
Monitoring Committee of the programme met
platform for creating awareness amongst the
during the year and recommended the following
small and medium industries for adopting
three new projects for funding.
simple waste minimization principle.
✦ Environmental Pollution Control in Agro-
based paper Industry by Implementation of Taj Protection Mission
Lignin precipitation System (LPS) ✦ As per the Hon’ble Supreme Court’s Order,
Technology by ABC Paper, Distt. Hosiarpur, the protection of the Taj Mahal is a national
Punjab. priority for the country. In order to
✦ Development of Air Pollution Control implement various scheme for the protection
Package for medium Scale Lime Kilns by of the monument, the Planning Commission
National Environmental Engineering decided to provide additional funds to the
Research Institute, Nagpur. State Government. The Planning
Commission approved Rs.600 crores on a
✦ Design and Development of Computer 50:50 cost sharing basis with the State
Numerical Controlled Eco-friendly Welding Government to implement various schemes
Machine by Annamalai University, Tamil in the Taj Trapezium Zone for environmental
Nadu. protection of the Taj Mahal. In the first phase
during earlier Plan Period, ten projects were
Waste Minimization
approved and are being implement by the
✦ Industrial Pollution Prevention strategies State Government of Uttar Pradesh. These
include Waste Minimization with an objective are:
to optimize the consumption of raw material,
✧ Improvement in Electric Supply at Agra
save energy requirement and reduce waste
generation. This is achieved by utilizing the ✧ Improvement in Electric Supply in and
existing production facility without changing around the rural areas of Agra and
the operations in small and medium Fatehpur Sikri.
enterprises in adoption of cleaner production ✧ Water supply ( Agra )
practices. Financial assistance is also provided ✧ Water supply (Mathura – Vrindavan)
under this Scheme for waste minimization ✧ Gokul Barrage
in small and medium scale industries for
✧ Solid Waste Management
setting up of Waste Minimization Circles
(WMCs). ✧ Storm Water Drainage System(Agra)
✧ Construction of one part of Agra bye-
✦ Phase III of the studies on Waste
pass
Minimization and establishment of WMCs
have been approved and awarded to National ✧ Widening of Agra Bye-pass, and
Productivity Council (NPC) to take forward ✧ Improvement of Master Plan of Roads
the activities in other parts of the country. of Agra City
Funds were also provided for conducting
✦ The Ministry has decided to have a post-
awareness programmes by the Development
evaluation study undertaken for 10 approved
Commissioner on Small Scale Industries
projects. Accordingly a study has been
(DCSSI), Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
sponsored to the National Environmental
✦ The implementation of the scheme has Engineering Research Institute (NEERI),
helped in identifying the polluting small and Nagpur. The State Govt. of U.P. has been
medium industries, evaluating the causes of requested to prode the Detail Project Reports
92
 Annual Report 2006-2007

and status of implementation of the projects the quality of air;

to NEERI. No new proposal would be ✦ Plan and cause to be executed a nation wide
considered for financial assistance unless the
programme for the prevention, control or
post-evaluation study undertaken by NEERI, abatement of water and air pollution;
Nagpur is completed and reviewed.
✦ Co ordinate the activities of the State Boards
Environmental Health and resolve disputes among them;
Studies have been initiated for the collection ✦ Provide technical assistance and guidance to
of baseline data regarding mercury levels on the State Boards, carry out and sponsor
different components of environment including investigations and research relating to
toxicological, bio-accumulation and its health problems of water and air pollution, and for
impacts. These studies are being carried out by their prevention, control or abatement;
4
National Institute of Occupational Health,
Ahmedabad; Industrial Toxicological Research ✦ Plan and organise training of persons engaged
Centre, Lucknow; Central Pollution Control Board in programmes for prevention, control or
and Jamia Hamdard University and National abatement of water and air pollution;
Productivity Council (NPC). These studies will ✦ Organise through mass media, a
generate baseline data for taking intervention comprehensive mass awareness programme
measures, if required for preservation of on prevention, control or abatement of water
environment and protection of human health due and air pollution;
to exposure to mercury.
✦ Collect, compile and publish technical and
Inputs from environmental health angle have statistical data relating to water and air
been given to the Central Pollution Control Board pollution and the measures devised for their
for reviewing the existing ambient air quality effective prevention, control or abatement;
standards based on health considerations. The
concerned regulatory agencies have been advised ✦ Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines
to take appropriate measures for the protection of relating to treatment and disposal of sewage
population based on the findings of the and trade effluents as well as for stack gas
environmental health studies, commissioned by the cleaning devices, stacks and ducts;
Ministry. ✦ Disseminate information in respect of matters
relating to water and air pollution and their
Central Pollution Control Board
prevention and control;
Introduction
✦ Lay down, modify or amend, in consultation
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) with the State Governments concerned, the
constituted on September 22, 1974 under the standards for stream or well, and lay down
provisions of The Water (Prevention and Control standards for the quality of air; and,
of Pollution) Act, 1974. The CPCB undertakes
✦ Perform such other functions as and when
functions as laid down in The Water (Prevention
prescribed by the Government of India.
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and The Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. ✦ CPCB formulates minimum national
CPCB has been assigned following important discharge standards for effluents and
functions under both the Acts. emissions and advises the Central
Government to notify these standards under
Objectives
The Environment (Protection) Act 1986.
✦ Advise the Central Government on any CPCB also coordinates with State Pollution
matter concerning prevention and control of Control Boards (SPCB’s) / Pollution Control
water and air pollution and improvement of Committees (PCC’s) for enforcement and
93
 Ministry of Environment & Forests

implementation of Rules framed under and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 such as (RSPM or PM ), have been identified for
10
Hazardous Wastes (Management and regular monitoring at all the locations. The
Handling) Rules, 1989 amended in 2000; monitoring of meteorological parameters
Bio-Medical Waste (Management & such as wind speed and direction, relative
Handling) Rules, 1998; Municipal Solid humidity and temperature was also integrated
Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, with the monitoring of air quality. The
2000; Manufacture Storage and Import of monitoring of pollutants is carried out for 24
Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 amended hours (four-hourly sampling for gaseous
in 2000 and Recycled Plastics Manufacture pollutants and eight-hourly sampling for
and Usage Rules, 1999 amended in 2003. particulate matter) with a frequency of twice
Besides, CPCB is also associated with and a week, to have 104 observations in a year.
provides support to various committees and The monitoring is being carried out with the
authorities constituted by the Government help of Central Pollution Control Board,
such as Environment (Prevention and State Pollution Control Boards/Committees,
Control) Authority for National Capital National Environmental Engineering
Region and the Water Quality Assessment Research Institute (NEERI) and other
Authority. research institutions/universities. CPCB co-
ordinates with these agencies to ensure the
Progress / Achievements made during the year
uniformity, consistency of air quality data and
National Air Quality Monitoring Programme provides technical and financial support to
✦ Central Pollution Control Board is executing them for operating the monitoring station.
a nation-wide programme of ambient air ✦ As per recommendations of Auto Fuel Policy
quality monitoring known as National Air report, NAMP was strengthened in terms of
Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP). parameters and coverage. New Monitoring
The network consists of 326 monitoring stations were sanctioned in cities like
stations covering 116 cities/towns in 28 States Chandigarh, Cuttack, Sambalpur,
and four Union Territories of the country. The Berhampur, Tarapur Industruial Area, Lote
objectives of the NAMP are to determine Industrial area, Hyderabad, Ramagundum,
status and trends of ambient air quality; to Navi Mumbai, Kurnool Visakhapatnam,
ascertain whether the prescribed ambient air Patencheru, Vijayawada Mandi Gobindgarh,
quality standards are violated; to assess health Khanna Baddi, Kala Amb and Barotiwala.
hazard and damage to materials; to continue State Pollution Control Boards were asked to
ongoing process of producing periodic monitor additional pollutants like carbon
evaluation of air pollution situation in urban monoxide etc. near traffic intersections. Non-
and industrial areas of the country; to obtain operational stations were made operational.
the knowledge and understanding necessary Monitoring of ammonia is being carried out
for developing preventive and corrective in many cities. Monitoring through
measures; and to understand the natural automatic continuous analysers is also being
cleansing process undergoing in the initiated in many cities.
environment through pollution dilution, Ambient air quality trends in various cities
dispersion, wind based movement, dry
The ambient air quality levels (SO2, NO2 and
deposition, precipitation and chemical
RSPM) of various cities are depicted through the
transformation of pollutants generated.
following graphs:
✦ Under the NAMP, four air-pollutants viz.,
Implementation of Male’ Declaration
Sulphur Dioxide (SO ), Oxides of Nitrogen
as NO , Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) ✦ To cope up with the issue of transboundary
2

2
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

Fig 33. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SO2 in residential areas of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and
Kolkata

Fig 34. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of NO2 in residential areas of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and
Kolkata
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig 35. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of RSPM in residential areas of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and
Kolkata

Fig 36. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SO2 in residential areas of Hyderabad, Bangalore,
Ahmedabad and Lucknow
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

Fig 37. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of NO2 in residential areas of Hyderabad, Bangalore,
Ahmedabad and Lucknow

Fig 38. Trends in Annual Average Concentration of RSPM in residential areas of Hyderabad, Bangalore,
Ahmedabad and Lucknow
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

air pollution in South Asia, the “Male’ in the proposed project and also to get their
Declaration on control and prevention of air views and subsequently detailed Terms of
pollution and its likely transboundary effects Reference (ToR) was prepared. MOU was
for South Asia” was adopted by the Ministry signed between CPCB and National Thermal
at the seventh meeting of the Governing Power Corporation (NTPC) in October 2005
Council of South Asia Cooperative for execution of CAAQMS Pilot project
Environment Programme (SACEP), held on (Operation contract) and in December 2005,
August 22, 1998 in Male, Republic of for execution of CAAQMS Pilot project
Maldives. (BOO contract). Invitation for bid (IFB) was
issued for operation contract in all leading
✦ As part of the implementation of Male’
newspapers on December 5, 2005. Pre-bid
Declaration, the first monitoring station in
conference was held on January 16, 2006.
India to study the transboundary effect of air
Last Date of Submission of Bid was January
pollutants has been established at Port
31, 2006. Evaluation of Part-I Techno-
Canning, Sunderbans. Monitoring for wet
Commercial bids is in-progress at NTPC. An
and dry deposition is being conducted at the
amount of Rs six crore fifty lacs was released
station for the last one year. The annual
/ transferred to NTPC Ltd.
Network Meeting of “Male’ Declaration on
Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and Networking of Continuous Ambient Air Quality
its likely Transboundary Effects for South Monitoring Station
Asia” was held in Delhi from October 11-
13, 2005. The Network Meeting was followed ✦ Internationally use of continuous Automatic
by Regional Stakeholders’ Meeting on Ambient Air Quality Monitoring is widely
October 14, 2005 and Regional accepted. In most of the countries it is the
Coordination Meeting on October 15, 2005. requirement to do air quality monitoring
Delegates from Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, using automatic analyzers and there manual
Iran Bhutan, Maldives, Pakistan and India monitoring are done as a complement to on
participated in the meetings. line measurements. Thus, there is need to
modernize the existing National Air quality
Private participation in Continuous Ambient Air Monitoring Network to International
Quality Monitoring (CAAQM) standard.
✦ As a follow up of decision taken by Planning ✦ It is proposed to develop Automatic Air
Commission, CPCB/SPCB started Quality Monitoring Network and a three level
continuous air quality monitoring in major data management & transfer system initially
cities and critically polluted areas by installing involving 10 identified cities where
automatic air quality monitoring stations. Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Public-private participation was felt necessary Station (CAAQMS) are already in operation
due to shortage of technical manpower in by other agencies.
CPCB / SPCBs. Operation contract model
will be executed in four cities namely Delhi, Setting up of Continuous Air Quality Monitoring
Lucknow, Bangalore & Chennai and Build Stations in 16 cities
Own & Operate (BOO) contract will be ✦ Hon’ble Supreme Court of India identified
executed in another four cities (to be 16 cities where air pollution is high and
identified). Each identified cities will be directed respective State Govt. / State
having a network of three CAAQM Stations. Pollution Control Boards to prepare action
✦ A meeting was held with agents of various plan to control air pollution. Accordingly,
manufacturers of CAAQMS to assess Ministry/CPCB decided to set up of 16
Principal Suppliers’ willingness to participate Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Stations
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

in these 16 cities to see the impact of need adequate knowledge on nature and extent of
implementation of Action Plan on Air pollution control required in different parts of the
Quality. The Capital cost of the station, Rs. country. Realising this the CPCB in collaboration
80.00 Lacs will be borne by CPCB and the with concerned SPCBs/PCCs established a wide
concerned SPCB on 50:50 basis. The annual network of water quality monitoring. The present
Operation & Maintenance cost of each network comprises of 1019 stations in 27 States
station (Rs. 10.00 Lacs) will be borne by the and six Union Territories spread over the country.
respective SPCBs and networking cost of all The monitoring is done on monthly or quarterly
the 16 stations will be borne by CPCB. basis in surface waters and on half yearly basis in
case of ground water. The monitoring network
✦ Parameters like Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur covers 200 Rivers, 60 Lakes, five Tanks, three Ponds,
Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, Benzene, three Creeks, 13 Canals, 17 Drains and 321 Wells. 4
Toluene & Xylene, Ozone, Particulate Among the 1019 stations, 592 are on rivers, 65 on
Matters (TSP & PM ) and meteorological lakes, 17 on drains, 13 on canals, five on tank, three
10
parameters will be monitored continuously on creeks, three on pond and 321 are groundwater
at these stations. Rs. 40.00 Lacs per station stations. Presently the inland water quality-
were released towards CPCB share for monitoring network is operated under a three-tier
Mumbai, Hyderabad, Faridabad and programme i.e. GEMS, Monitoring of Indian
Bangalore during the financial year 2003–04, National Aquatic Resources System and Yamuna
for Chennai and Ahmedabad during 2004– Action Plan. Water samples are being analysed for
05, Jodhpur, Patna, Pune, Solapur, Kanpur 28 parameters consisting of nine core parameters,
and Varanasi during 2005-06. Lucknow and 19 other physico-chemical and bacteriological
Kolkata will be covered under the programme parameters apart from the field observations.
during 2006–07. Besides this, nine trace metals and 22 pesticides
are also analysed in selected samples. Biomonitoring
National Water Quality Monitoring
is also carried out on specific locations. In view of
Programme limited resources, limited numbers of organic
In order to perform the functions specified pollution related parameters are monitored i.e.
under the Water (Prevention and Control of micro pollutants (Toxic Metals & POPs) are
Pollution) Act, 1974, Central Pollution Control analysed once in a year to assess the water quality.
Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards/ The water quality data are reported in Water
Pollution Control Committees (SPCBs/PCCs) Quality Status Year Book.

Fig 39. National Water Quality Monitoring Network

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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

The entire water resources of the country have quality. Today almost all policies and programmes
been classified according to their designated best on water quality management are based on this
uses and a “Water Use Map” has been prepared. concept including the Ganga Action Plan and
Through a wide network of water quality National River Action Plans.
monitoring, water quality data are acquired and
enables preparation of “Water Quality Map” of Groundwater Quality Assessment
India. Superimposition of “Water Quality Map” on
Groundwater quality assessment in metropolitan
“Water Use Map” helps identify the water bodies
cities
or their parts, which are in need of restoration and
water bodies are identified as polluted stretches for Realizing the importance of groundwater
taking appropriate measures to restore their water quality assessment in urban areas, CPCB has

Fig 40. River water quality trends in terms of percent number of observation in various BOD ranges

Fig 41. River water quality trends in terms of percent number of observation in various FC ranges
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

Table-13. Water Quality Characteristics of various stretches of River Yamuna (Year 2005)
S. River Stretch Trophic pH Dissolved Bioche- Total Faecal
No. Stretch details status Oxygen mical Coliform Coliform
mg/l Oxygen Nos./ Nos./
Demand 100 ml 100 ml
mg/l
1. Himalayan 172 km from Oligotrophic Min 6.90 7.2 1.0 80 18
stretch origin to Max 9.00 11.0 4.0 43,00,000 69,000
Hathnikund Av - 9.1 1.4 3,46,577 5,243
barrage
2. Upper 224 km Mesotrophic Min 7.04 5.7 1 2,700 290
stretch from Max 8.73 12.0 7 81,00,000 1,10,000 4
Hathnikund Av - 8.0 2.2 52,583 10,040
barrage to
Wazirabad
barrage
3. Delhi stretch 22 km from Septic Min 7.00 0.0 5 17,00,000 2,100
Wazirabad Max 8.21 3.0 35 19,00,00,000 60,00,000
barrage to Av - 0.7 18.6 2,41,86,364 18,77,136
Okhla barrage
4. Mixed stretch 930 km Mesotrophic/ Min 6.77 0.0 3 17,000 900
Okhla barrage Eutrophic/ Max 9.10 17.3 39 26,20,00,000 52,00,000
to river Septic Av - 7.1 11.5 1,17,19,422 4,45,090
Chambal
confluence
5. Diluted 628 km Mesotrophic/ Min 7.46 5.7 1 9,000 1,070
stretch River Chambal Eutrophic Max 8.68 15.4 10 32,70,000 88,000
confluence Av - 8.0 4.6 4,32,625 14,742
to river
Ganga
confluence

initiated groundwater quality survey in large urban pumps and open wells, two locations in each
centers (Metro-cities). The study is taken up in category covering residential areas, industrial areas
collaboration with National Institute of Hydrology, and municipal waste dumpsites in each city. The
Roorkee and Pollution Control Research Institute, findings are given in Table-14.
BHEL, Haridwar. Study of 24 metropolitan cities Development of Standards and Guidelines
was completed and report on eight metropolitan
cities was finalised. Groundwater quality with Guidelines and Standards for Common
respect to compliance status with respect to drinking Hazardous Waste Incinerators
water standards (IS-10500, 1991) of the critical About 4.4% of hazardous waste generated in
chemical parameters such as Chloride, Total the country has incineration potential. Besides
dissolved solids (TDS), Nitrate-N, Fluoride are segregated organic residues, highly concentrated
presented and summarized in Figure 42-46. effluents such as mother liquors and toxic effluents
not feasible for physico-chemical or biological
Ground water quality assessment in 15 cities of
treatment also require proper disposal through
three states
incineration. Incineration of hazardous waste from
Groundwater quality was monitored at 15 many industries is a task that requires
major cities in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and comprehensive knowledge and skill in respect of
Chhattisgarh states selecting five cities in each state. chemistry, thermal engineering and environmental
Samples were collected from tube wells, hand engineering.
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig 42. Groundwater quality vis-a-vis Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities (Chloride)

Fig 43. Groundwater quality vis-a-vis Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities (TDS)

Fig 44. Groundwater quality vis-a-vis Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities (Nitrate-N)
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

Fig 45. Groundwater quality vis-a-vis Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities (Fluoride)

Fig 46. Groundwater quality vis-a-vis Drinking Water Standards (DWS-IS:10500) in Eight Metropolitan cities
(Total Coliform)

The Central Pollution Control Board studied industries the control measures adopted for
common incineration facilities that are in operation controlling fugitive emissions are not always
in the country as follow up of recommendations of satisfactory and as a result substantial quantity of
the Expert Committee. CPCB further interacted fugitive emissions are generated which spread
with the European operators of the incineration within and out side the industry premises and causes
facilities / regulators / implementing officers for adverse impacts on human health and environment.
formulation of guidelines and standards for
Keeping in view the problem of fugitive emissions,
common hazardous waste incinerators in the
a study on “Assessment of fugitive emissions and
country and finally published “Guidelines for
Common Hazardous Waste Incineration development of environmental guidelines for
control of fugitive emissions in cement
Guidelines for control of fugitive emission in manufacturing” was undertaken and completed in
Cement Units association with National Productivity Council,
It is generally observed that in most cement New Delhi and IIT, Kanpur.
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Table-14. Ground Water Quality in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

City Area Use Parameters

pH Conductivity TDS Alkalinity FC (No / TC No

(μS /cm) (mg/l) (mg/l) 100ml) /100ml)

CHHATTISGARGH

Bilaspur Residential 7.05 –7.12 811 – 1173 588 – 1090 368 – 418 Nil 12 – 28
Industrial 6.96 – 7.21 859 – 1365 640 – 1280 372 – 428 Nil 20 – 37
Near MSW 6.69 – 7.01 328 – 885 378 – 590 138 – 332 2 37 – 48
dumpsite
Raipur Residential 7.02 – 7.30 541 – 711 388 – 410 196 – 242 5 56 – 78
Industrial 7.12 – 7.15 560 – 623 402 – 526 204 – 328 Nil – 3 25 – 42
Near MSW 6.92 – 7.13 705 – 919 426 – 640 274 – 298 1 – 12 38 – 96
dumpsite
Durg -Bhilai Residential 6.91 – 7.03 870 – 1290 552 – 1210 224 – 312 Nil 15 – 28
Industrial 7.08 – 7.12 772 – 786 510 – 754 178 – 238 Nil – 1 9 – 18
Near MSW 7.0 – 7.01 752 – 865 496 – 506 242 – 278 2–3 31 - 42
dumpsite
Raigarh Residential 7.67-8.05 998-1142 642-706 196-272 Nil- 8-13
Industrial 8.11-8.21 640-710 318-334 134-188 Nil-3 11-22
Near MSW 7.96-8.03 452-469 238-298 174-206 Nil-03 12-20
dumpsite
Jagdalpur Residential 7.31-8.01 390-630 312-346 94-138 Nil 15-29
Industrial 7.87-8.21 360-407 238-264 116-154 Nil-7 11-56
Near MSW 7.31-7.67 194-277 164-178 106-144 02-03 23-37
dumpsite

MADHYA PRADESH

Jabalpur Residential 7.10 1593 832 296 Nil 7

Industrial 7.02 1090 1074 162 Nil 21
Near MSW 6.99 646 346 124 2 30
dumpsite
Indore Residential 7.22 1621 1040 304 Nil 20
Industrial 7.42 2019 1408 424 Nil 22
Near MSW 7.44 979 598 204 2 44
dumpsite
Gwalior Residential 7.43–7.46 957-1105 618-741 340-354 Nil-3 19-22
Industrial 7.38-7.72 1063-1278 704-839 438-472 Nil-4 14-25
Near MSW 7.35-7.43 638-991 413-632 256-298 7-11 55-37
dumpsite
Guna Residential 7.19 – 7.39 759-1869 529-1299 282-354 Nil – 3 23-28
Industrial 7.25 – 7.40 518-1557 329-1009 190-216 Nil – 7 10-41
Near MSW 7.30 920 694 292 11 46
dumpsite

104 Contd...
 Annual Report 2006-2007

Bhopal Residential 6.59-7.21 321-942 196-614 128-380 Nil-600 05-2200

Industrial 7.05 2000 1552 468 09 28
Near MSW 7.03 1337 990 380 300 1900
dumpsite
RAJASTHAN
Jaipur Residential 7.09 – 7.34 754 — 1854 422-1080 178 – 200 Nil – 02 08 – 32
Industrial 7.40 – 7.51 477 – 482 264-276 172 – 224 Nil 12 – 20
Near MSW 7.31 – 7.67 1629 – 3450 830-2172 294 – 336 04 — 08 36 – 64
dumpsite
Udaipur Residential 7.48 – 7.54 1062 – 1224 608-724 348 – 368 Nil – 04 16 – 24
Industrial 6.96 – 7.59 1095-9040 606-7244 364 – 384 Nil 12 – 32 4
Near MSW 7.52 – 7.58 1157-2650 644-2106 452 – 512 Nil 20 – 240
dumpsite
Bhilwara Residential 7.52 – 7.79 1059 – 2060 612-1786 272 – 404 Nil 08 – 96
Industrial 7.45 – 7.78 1593 – 4770 884-3846 368 – 668 Nil – 04 20 – 44
Near MSW 7.28 – 7.73 762 – 2700 480-1429 204 – 384 Nil 24 – 160
dumpsite
Kota Residential 7.65 – 7.97 413 – 1699 218-1066 156 – 628 Nil – 04 16 – 24
Industrial 7.42 – 7.43 594 – 1054 338-600 180 – 228 06 – 08 32 – 36
Near MSW 7.39 573 318 184 02 08
dumpsite
Bhiwadi Residential 7.20-7.35 1070-2090 840-1904 252-460 6-9 18-40
Industrial 7.37-7.54 911-2000 532-1322 340-680 Nil-03 16-27

All values are in mg/l, except pH; FC = Faecal Coliform; TC = Total Coliform

Indicative Operational Guidelines on Utilization is being implemented successfully for the

of Plastics in Road Construction construction of flexible roads at various places in
India. Central Pollution Control Board prepared
Granite aggregates used in road construction and published an Indicative Operational Guidelines
have great affinity for water whereas bitumen has on Utilization of Plastics in Road Construction.
very poor water wetting property. Thus bitumen
film is often stripped off the aggregates because of Guidelines for evaluation and recognition of
the penetration of water, which results in pothole Environmental Laboratories under The
formation. If polymer is coated over aggregate, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
coating reduces its affinity for water due to non- In order to provide infrastructural support for
wetting nature of the polymer and this resists the environmental pollution control activities the
penetration of water. Besides, waste polymer- environmental laboratories should have
bitumen blend reduce the bleeding of bitumen comprehensive infrastructure and analytical
during the summers. Therefore, addition of waste facilities, expertise for all groups of parameters
plastics, generally improves the strength of the road. including water, air, noise, hazardous waste, soil,
The addition of fly ash to the polymer aggregate sludge etc. Keeping this in view, the earlier
bitumen mix improves the strength of the flexible published document has been updated and revised
pavement. It is also observed that the fly ash does under Laboratory Analytical Technique
not leach from this mixture. Above all, for 1000m Series:LATS/9/2005-06 (Revised & Updated
x 3.5m road nearly 10 to 15 tons of fly ash is version). The revised guidelines for evaluation and
utilized. Process of road laying using waste plastics recognition of environmental laboratories has been
105
 Ministry of Environment & Forests

approved for its implementation in 135th Board in the form of mist into atmosphere over large
Meeting. lagoons through a mist evaporator so about 25-30%
Procedure for Monitoring Ambient Noise Level moisture is evaporated and the rest, along with its
due to Aircrafts salts, falls back into the lagoons. This results in
concentration of salts and sludge to levels neither
The air traffic is increasing at rapid pace in pre-decided nor controllable. Moreover, fall out of
our country and it is expected that the ambient noise this evaporation technique over a very large area
levels around airports would also be increasing at was also suspected. Therefore CPCB carried out a
the proportionate rate. No procedure has been performance evaluation study of this evaporation
developed for monitoring ambient noise level due technique at M/s Vindhyachal Distilleries,
to Aircrafts and there is no Government regulation Pilukhedi, Madhya Pradesh during January and
in the country on aircraft movements and March 2006 to assess the extent of fallout of the
operations. The National Committee on Noise sprayed mist on the surrounding area. Considering
Pollution Control has been exploring the idea of the extent of fallout of the process, turbo mist
formulating suitable legislations in the country on evaporator does not appear to be a suitable
aircraft/airport noise. As a first step, a Draft concentration technique for distillery effluent.
Procedure for Monitoring Ambient Noise Level due
to Aircrafts has been prepared by CPCB considering Comprehensive industrial document for Iron Ore
prevalent noise monitoring procedure practiced Mining
internationally and also based on the results of the CPCB has taken up a project for description
detailed noise monitoring conducted in and around of Clean Technology for iron ore mining and
IGI International Airport by CPCB. The objective development of Environmental Standard and
of this document is to specify suitable requirements preparation of comprehensive document.
and procedures for airport authorities to carry out Final report of the project has been prepared.
monitoring ambient noise level due to aircrafts
It has also been planned to carry out field
around airports.
monitoring of a few more Iron Ore Mines to have
Risk assessment in Oil Refineries and realistic database.
Petrochemical Complex Environmental Standards for bullion Industry
Petroleum refinery and petrochemical CPCB has prepared a Comprehensive
complexes necessarily involve processing and Industry Document on Bullion Industry providing
handling of large quantities of hazardous material. information on production, the processes
The risk may be reduced by good design, but they employed, raw material used, pollution generated,
cannot be totally eliminated and therefore some pollution control practices and proposed effluent
evaluation of the risk has to be made in order to and emission standards are under finalization.
determine its acceptability in a given location. A
study carried out by CPCB recommended Review of Effluent Standards for Soda Ash
guidelines for preparation of risk assessment reports Industry
for petroleum refineries and petrochemical CPCB in collaboration with National
installations where flammable chemicals are Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa conducted
handled in large quantities. studies on marine water quality around the Soda
Ash industry located in Saurashtra region to asses
Performance Evaluation of Turbo Mist Evaporator the impact due to discharge of waste water on
Technology marine ecosystem. The draft report based on the
Some distilleries have recently resorted to revealed chemical and biological characteristics of
adopting low cost evaporation technique called mist marine water quality submitted by NIO, Goa has
evaporators for concentration of spent wash. This suggested that the conditions are unfavourable up
evaporation technique involves spraying spent wash to 500 m. To mitigate the adverse impact, the
106
 Annual Report 2006-2007

effluent should be disposed off through diffuser pesticide, pulp & paper and tannery) has been
system at the depth of 5 m below low tide levels at completed. The out come of the exercise has
effluent velocity of > 3 m/sec and with suitable been utilized for setting environmental
concentration of suspended solids level to avoid benchmarks for attainment by the industries
clogging in diffuser and pipeline. and to obtain relevant information
concerning the industries, sector wise
Review of protocol under CREP for achieving modified formats have been developed. A
Zero Discharge in Distilleries similar exercise will be done for other sectors
✦ The CPCB engaged Prof. R. H. Siddiqi as a also to promote systematic improvement.
consultant under the GTZ project to review ✦ Awareness programmes for the industrialists
the irrigation and composting protocols and regulatory officials have been organised
prescribed by the Board visa-vis the current 4
for sugar, petrochemical, oil refinery, thermal
practices followed by distilleries in the country power, Integrated Iron & steel, pesticide,
and to evaluate the performance of new cement and textile industries so that industries
technologies for concentration of spent wash. are made aware of the requirement of
Prof. R. H. Siddiqi submitted his report titled providing appropriate data/information in the
“Treatment and Utilization of Spent Wash environmental statements to act as a pro-
from Distilleries- A review of current practices active tool for self-examination of the industry
for achieving zero discharge in surface waters” itself to reduce/minimise pollution by
in November, 2005. adopting process modifications, recycling and
✦ The report suggests that TDS and chlorides reuse of the resources. This programme has
value will control the dilution rate of spent been designed to give an overall idea about
wash for its use in irrigation. Based on how to fill the modified environmental
practical values of TDS, sodium, chlorides statement formats and how to evaluate or
and BOD it has been suggested that a 12- process the information provided in the
15-fold dilution may be required in case of environmental statements submitted by the
ferti-irrigation. It has been observed that industries to the State Boards, etc.
discharge of effluents having the prescribed
quality may result in concentration of salts Emission standard for Bulk Drug Industry
in the soil. Further, the report emphasizes The bulk drug industries mostly adopt batch
consideration of salt balance and annual salt process to manufacture pharmaceutical products.
leaching rates in various types of soils and Due to diversity in manufacturing processes, the
climatic zones while reviewing the protocol environmental problems associated are complex.
so that problem of salinity and alkalinity do CPCB has initiated a study to identify the emission
not develop with continuous use of spent sources and to develop air emission standards for
wash for irrigation. bulk drug industry.
Review of Environmental Statements and Effluent and emission standards for basic Organic
awareness programmes for Industries Chemicals Industry
✦ In order to assess Environmental Statements, A project was undertaken by Central
a project “Review of Environmental Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to develop
Statements Submitted by the Industries” is emission standards and to review effluent standards
being carried out by the Central Pollution for basic organic chemicals manufacturing
Control Board (CPCB). In this project, industries by engaging the Indian Institute of
review of environmental statements for 10 Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad. About
sectors (sugar, thermal power, petrochemical, 160 chemicals falls under the basic organic
oil refinery, textile, cement, Iron & Steel, chemicals group, which are produced by about 190
107
 Ministry of Environment & Forests

industrial units in the country. So far in-depth of contamination and prevailing status of
studies have been conducted in 13 industries and water quality in terms of pH, conductivity,
about 56 chemical products have been covered. calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, chloride,
Further in-depth studies are under progress. The nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, fluoride, sulfide,
data and information collected are being processed sulfate, iron, manganese, zinc etc in the
for drawing inferences in order to arrive at suitable affected areas and also evaluated performance
standards for this industry sector. of Arsenic Removal Units (ARU) installed in
different locations.
Guidelines for industry specific Chemical Waste
Incinerators ✦ Though arsenic problem in West Bengal has
taken epidemic proportions, the problem may
CPCB has initiated a project for the
be solved to great extent giving emphasis on
development of standards for individual industry
minimum use of groundwater, developing
specific chemical waste incinerators. A two-day
and utilizing other surface water resources
workshop on chemical waste incineration was
(dams, pond, lake, rivulet etc) and supplying
organized in collaboration with German Technical
piped water supply from rivers to the arsenic
Cooperation (GTZ) under ASEM programme at
affected areas wherever techno-economic
Delhi during April 28-29, 2005 to discuss various
feasible.
issues to be addressed and to interact with nodal
officers of SPCBs in accomplishing in-depth Development of technologies for pollution control
studies. So far in-depth studies have been conducted in selected drugs manufacturing units –
for six incinerators (three individual industry Paracetamol, a case study
incinerators and three common hazardous waste
incinerators). The study is under progress. ✦ Paracetamol manufacturing is reserved for
small sector in India and more than 60
Environmental Research Activities manufacturers having installed capacity of
Monitoring in arsenic affected areas in West 20000 ton produce about 15000 ton
Bengal and evaluation of arsenic removal paracetamol annually. Nearly 75% of the
technologies being adopted manufacturers are located in Andhra Pradesh
and Gujarat, having 60% of the total capacity.
✦ The extension of arsenic affected areas and
increased human exposure to arsenic through ✦ Paracetamol is produced from para-nitro-
groundwater has become a major concern in phenol using iron-acid reduction for
West Bengal and Bihar. In rural areas of West hydrogenation that results in huge amount
Bengal, out of state rural population of of hazardous waste generation. CPCB carried
577.35 lakh (2001 census), 160.97 lakh out a study to explore cleaner technology
people, i.e. 28%, are affected by arsenic options for paracetomol manufacturing so
pollution in ground water. 75 blocks out of that the effluent, emission and hazardous
341 blocks in the state are affected with the waste generation can be minimised.
problem. In urban areas out of 224.86 lakh ✦ Based on the study carried out, it is concluded
urban population, 120 lakh people, i.e. 53%, that the cost of production with phenol route
are under the threat of arsenic contamination. is higher than that of p-nitrochlorobenzene
Presently, emphasis has been given on route while the technology for 4-
treatment of groundwater by adopting hydroxyacetophenone route is not available
different technologies as a short-term measure and its financial viability is not known.
to solve the crisis of arsenic free water. Nitrobenzene route can be followed only for
✦ Central Pollution Control Board is regularly larger plant size. The study brought out
monitoring tube wells water, pond water, dug following modifications in the existing
well water, sediment, soil to assess the level process route:
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

✧ Replacement of iron-acid reduction by polluted strata for chemical transformation of

catalytic hydrogenation to eliminate hexavalent chromium. The study shall continue till
generation of iron sludge June 2006. Other major activities completed in the
✧ Stepwise catalytic hydrogenation and first year include:
acetylation to eliminate use of acids ✦ Evaluation of a range of site-specific aquifer
✧ Addition of borate in hydrolysis step characteristics
to reduce undesirable by-products and
✦ Inventory of groundwater balance
load on effluent treatment, and to
improve purity of product ✦ Monitoring for surface contours with
✧ Use of activated carbon for pre- reference to the Mean Sea Level (MSL)
treatment with sulphite solution ✦ Monitoring of fresh water canal, 4
Prospects of use of Natural Dyes in India ✦ Identification of watershed boundaries
Many synthetic dyes have been found to be Testing and validation of BOD Biosensor
potentially carcinogenic whereas, natural dyes are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test
manufactured through eco-friendly processes based take three to five days time. CPCB in collaboration
on abundantly available natural products like plants, with Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology
animals and minerals. Textile manufacturers have (IGIB), CSIR, Delhi has developed a Biosensor for
not yet seen an incentive to switch to natural dyes, rapid BOD test. The technique involves selection
which are more expensive than synthetic ones. of suitable microbial composition for using
CPCB carried out a study focused on the status of Biosensor so as to degrade the wide range of wastes.
natural dyes in India, its technology, standards, and In this endeavor, samples from brewery and dairy
market prospects both domestic and international (untreated and treated) were tested extensively and
as well as policy support required for promoting the results obtained using BOD Biosensor were
these eco-friendly products. The study included found similar to conventional BOD test (BOD5 at
identification of natural dyes, which can replace 20oC). The data are statistically tested and good
harmful synthetic dyes, e.g. Carmine can replace correlation was found between these two results.
FD & Red3 in food, used for cosmetic industry, The work is in progress for extensive testing using
food, drugs and medicines and textile sector. large variety of wastewater samples.
Ground Water remediation in Kanpur Air Pollution source Apportionment Studies
CPCB has taken up a three-year project on The “Auto Fuel Policy” document submitted
Groundwater remediation in Noraiakheda area of to Govt. of India by Dr. Mashelkar Committee
Kanpur in collaboration with Industrial Toxicology identified the “knowledge gap” in the area of air
Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow, National pollution source apportionment. Therefore air
Geological Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad pollution source apportionment studies have been
and IIT Kanpur. The first year activities were initiated in six major cities with participation of oil
completed with execution of all the identified companies, leading research institutes, Central &
works. The entire study area was investigated for State Pollution Control Boards and the Ministry.
revealing subsurface hydro-geological Among the pollutants, total suspended particulate
characteristics. The findings of project during 1st matter (SPM) is the primary irritants but do not
year are to be utilized in evaluation of various have much relevance for direct health consequences
options for remediation of hexavalent chromium. if compared with its respirable fractions (PM10 and
The Pilot Study based on “Bio-Remediation” had PM2.5). The main focus of this study is therefore
already begun under technical support from GZA- on characterisation and apportionment of PM10
USA expertise. During the pilot study the Electron with limited exercises on PM2.5 to have a better
Donor Compound (EDC) was injected into the understanding and correlation between these two
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Fig 47. A typical particle size - mass fraction diagram for particulatematter in urban air

fractions at source and receptor. roadmap of short term and long term
measures as considered appropriate and cost
The study objectives are:
effective to ensure “Cleaner air in urban
✦ To profile baseline Ground Level areas”.
Concentration (GLC) of air pollutants in
different parts including source specific “hot Characterization and application of municipal
spots” viz. Kerbsides, industrial zones, etc. solid waste compost
✦ To develop “Emission Factors” (EF) for ✦ A project taken up by Central Pollution
different categories of pertinent sources with Control Board with Indian Agriculture
due consideration to local variance in fuel Research Institute (IARI) studied the safe and
quality, technology, size and vintage of beneficial use of Municipal Solid Waste
sources, control systems, etc. The factor shall (MSW) compost and sewage sludge in
cover both fugitive as well as tail pipe agriculture vis-à-vis its environmental impacts
emissions. based on extensive experimentations and a
✦ To inventorise the pollution loads from review of the scientific literature. Under the
various sources for their spatial and temporal project, detailed studies on characterization
distribution in the cities covered under this of compost quality and its application on
project. agricultural crops. Seven compost plants were
studied for characterization of compost
✦ To profile the source emission characteristics quality.
of different possible sources.
✦ It has been observed that the growth attributes
✦ To conduct source apportionment studies and
of wheat/ maize and vegetable crops viz., plant
prioritize the source categories for evolving
height, number of cobs/tillers/m2, dry matter
mitigation strategies.
production and leaf area index, were increased
✦ To assess the impact of sources on ambient due to supply of nitrogen through
air quality under different management/ combination of different doses of urea with
interventions/control options and draw a compost / sewage sludge.
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

Activities in Hazardous Waste Management have been advised to complete assessment of

dump sites and also to prioritize for the
✦ A two-day workshop was organized at New
purpose of remediation and for consideration
Delhi in association with GTZ-ASEM,
under World Bank Assistance Programme, by
during August 11-12, 2005 wherein GTZ
September 2006 and also to draw up the plans
experts shared their experience with regard
with financial estimates for immediate
to German regulations concerning hazardous
measures that may be required to stop further
waste dump sites, assessment of dumpsites
environmental damage as well as preparation
and their remediation. Officials from State
of full scale rehabilitation plans with detailed
and Central Pollution Control Boards, CPCB
estimation of cost of remediation and to send
and Ministry attended the workshop.
the reports to CPCB, by December 2006.
German guidelines for assessment and 4
remediation of dumpsites/contaminated sites ✦ The decisions taken in the aforesaid
and European legislations concerning conference were communicated to the
dumpsites/contaminated sites were circulated SPCBs/PCCs for taking necessary action.
to the participants.
Preparation of guidance documents for hazardous
✦ In order to strengthen the technical waste management, industry sector-wise
capabilities of SPCBs/PCCs, in first phase, a
training programme for Environmental ✦ Study for the preparation of guidance
Engineer/Senior Scientific Officer level document for hazardous waste management
officers on “Assessment of dump sites and was taken up through Orissa State Pollution
preparation of rehabilitation plans” has been Control Board for industrial sectors such as
organized during March 06-10, 2006 at iron & steel, aluminium, sodium dichromate
Bangalore and wherein the officials of State & galvanising process. The objective of the
Pollution Control Boards made presentations study is the “Identification of hazardous waste
on the assessment so far made and feed back streams, its characterization and recovery &
from the experts from GTZ-ASEM were recycling options”. The study for aluminium
made available so as to take further necessary & sodium dichromate manufacturing sectors
by the SPCBs. Second phase of the training has been completed & the report is under
programme is to be organized in Germany finalisation. The study pertaining to other
shortly. sectors (Iron & steel and Galvanising) is under
progress.
✦ Issues regarding the status on identification
of dump sites, their assessment and ✦ Separately, study for preparation of guidance
preparation of rehabilitation plans and the document for Pesticide Sector was taken-up
projects on management of hazardous wastes and completed through National Chemical
proposed to be taken up under World Bank Laboratory (NCL), Pune which covers 12
assistance including the component on pesticide products. The study is further
remediation of contaminated sites and further continued for additional 12 products such as
course of action to be taken were also DDT, Dichlorovos, Phorate, Phosphamidon,
nd
discussed in 52 Conference of the Quinalphos, Lindane, Methyl parathion,
Chairpersons and Member Secretaries of State Mancozeb, 2-4 D, Isoproturon under
Pollution Control Boards and Pollution insecticides, fungicides, herbicides &
Control Committees held at Mumbai on weedicides group of pesticides, for
January 05,2006. identification of hazardous waste streams, its
characterization and recovery/recycling
✦ In the afore said conference, the SPCBs/PCCs options. The study is under progress.
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

Activities under Water Quality Assessment for planning, overseeing and implementation of the
Authority (WQAA) policies and programmes on the management of
hazardous substances and chemical emergencies.
Training of scientists of CWC
The mandate of this Division is to promote safety
✦ Ministry has issued a notification in the management and use of hazardous substances
(Notification No. S.O.583 (E)) in exercise of including hazardous chemicals and hazardous
powers conferred by sub-section (1) and (3) wastes with an objective to prevent and mitigate
of Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) damage to health and environment due to
Act, 1986 in the Gazette of India dated 22 hazardous chemicals and wastes. The activities of
June 2001, constituting the Water Quality the division can be grouped under three main thrust
Assessment Authority (WQAA) with effect areas, viz., Chemical Safety; Hazardous Wastes
th
from 29 May 2001, The WQAA is Management and Solid Waste Management. The
responsible for standardization of methods for Division is also the nodal point for the following
water quality monitoring and to ensure three International Conventions and the Strategic
quality of data generation. Approach to International Chemicals Management
✦ CPCB also extended the support and (SAICM).
organized two training programmes to train ✦ The Basel Convention on the Control of
30 scientists of Central Water Commission Transboundary Movement of Hazardous
to develop the skill for bacteriological analysis Wastes and their Disposal. (Party as on:- since
of water samples. CPCB appraised the Water 1992.)
Quality Monitoring Committee (WQMC) ✦ The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior
about the status of operation and Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for
maintenance CETPs and STPs in the country Certain Hazardous Chemicals & Pesticides
and prepared an Approach Paper on in International Trade. (Party as on:- May 24,
management of water quality in the country. 2005)
Communication of Uniform Protocol to SPCB ✦ The Stockholm Convention on Persistent
The Ministry notified Uniform Protocol on Organic Pollutants (POPs) (Party as on:-
water quality monitoring under Water Quality September 2005.)
Assessment Authority on June 17, 2005 to maintain The programmes and activities carried out during
uniformity in the procedure for water quality the year are as follows
monitoring mechanism by all monitoring agencies,
Hazardous Waste Management
departments, Pollution Control Boards and such
other agencies so that water related action plans ✦ As per the assessment made, the States of
may be drawn up on the basis of reliable data. The Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu
notified protocol was discussed in the Strategy account for the highest in hazardous waste
Workshop for State Water Quality Review generation in the country. A national
Committees held on July 20-21, 2005. In inventory on hazardous wastes is being
accordance with the communication received from prepared based on the fresh inventorisation
the Ministry and as a follow up of the workshop, of hazardous waste generation in the States/
the copies of the notified protocol were circulated UTs.
to State Pollution Control Boards. ✦ The legal instruments for management of
Management of Hazardous Substances hazardous wastes are the Hazardous Wastes
(Management & Handling) Rules (HW
Introduction and Objectives Rules), 1989, as amended in 2000, 2003 and
The Hazardous Substances Management 2004, the Biomedical Wastes (Management
Division (HSMD) in the Ministry is responsible & Handling) Rules, 1998 as amended in
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

2000 and 2003 and the Batteries proportionate contribution from the State
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2001. The Government supplemented with additional
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and contributions from the entrepreneurs and
State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/ financial institutions. Financial assistance has
Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) and been provided for setting up of a common
State Departments of Environment have been facility at Trans-Thane Creek (TTC-
entrusted with the responsibilities of Belapur)) in Maharashtra, Ranga Reddy
implementation of these rules. The status of district of Andhra Pradesh, Ankleshwar and
implementation of all these rules is regularly Surat in Gujarat and Haldia in West Bengal.
monitored by the Ministry. During the year, financial assistance was
✦ The Hazardous Waste Rules provide for a provided to develop a TSDF in Kochi in
Kerala. The facility in Ankleshwar (Gujarat) 4
control on generation, storage,
transportation, treatment and disposal of has been commissioned and is in operation
hazardous wastes, both indigenously in full swing. Other states like Karnataka,
Haryana, Delhi, Tamil Nadu etc. are also in
generated as well as imported. The Rules were
amended in May 2003. These rules are being the process of setting up such facilities.
further amended with a view to bring in more ✦ A draft notification on the standards for the
clarity to these rules and to streamline the common hazardous waste incinerator was
process of implementation of these Rules. finalized to be notified under the
✦ All hazardous wastes are required to be treated Environment (P) Act, 1986.
and disposed off in an environmentally sound ✦ The Batteries (Management and Handling)
manner in secured landfills as prescribed in Rules, 2001 were notified in May, 2001 to
the Hazardous Waste Rules, under Rule 8 of regulate the collection, channelization and
these rules. Setting up of common Treatment, recycling of used lead acid batteries. These
Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs) in rules inter-alia make it mandatory for
different parts of the country was taken up consumers to return used batteries. All
on priority during the Tenth Plan period. manufacturers / assemblers/ reconditioners /
Such facilities are built on Public-Private importers of lead acid batteries are responsible
Partnership on Build Operate Own (BOO) for collecting used batteries against new one
principles. A scheme for providing financial sold as per a schedule defined in the rules. As
assistance for setting up of TSDF has been in per the rules the importers of new lead acid
operation for the same. batteries are required to take ‘one time
✦ The Ministry provided a grant to the tune of registration’ and 184 importers have been
Rs.two crores for each of the facilities with a registered with the Ministry till date. The list
of registered importers of new lead acid
batteries has been put up in the web site of
the Ministry and is updated regularly. The
importers have been directed to file the
returns on the collections of used batteries to
the concerned SPCBs/PCCs.
✦ An expert Group has been constituted to
facilitate the Ministry in the implementation
of the rules by involving various stakeholders
in the process and creating awareness among
Fig 48. Secured Landfill at TSDF in Haldia, the public encouraging the environmentally
West Bengal sound recycling of the lead acid batteries. The
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

group now includes experts in the field of ✦ Hearings in respect of W.P. No. 967/89 filed
heath and economics. The first meeting of by Indian Council for Enviro Legal Action
the Expert Group was held in November against UoI and Others on Ground water
2006 to consider matters relating to effective Pollution and Soil Degradation in Bichhri
implementation of the rules and the role of Village, Udaipur (Rajasthan) due to
stake holders. indiscriminate disposal of toxic wastes, are still
✦ An Indian delegation participated in the continuing in the Supreme Court. The
Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) of Ministry through the Central Pollution
the Basel Convention held in Geneva during Control Board has commissioned a fresh
April 3-7, 2006. study during the year involving the National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune for assessment of
✦ A delegation comprising of an official from the present status of pollution at the impact
the Ministry and one form CPCB area of the Bichhri Village.
participated in the Asia- 3R Conference held
in Tokyo, Japan, during October 30 – ✦ The Biomedical Wastes (Management and
November 1, 2006. Handling) Rules first notified in 1998 seek
to regulate the management of wastes
✦ An Indian delegation participated in the generated by Health Care Establishments of
Eighth Meeting of the Conference of the the country. Ministry, through the network
Parties (COP8) to the Basel Convention on of CPCB and SPCBs/PCCs, ensures strict
the Control of Transboundary Movement of implementation of the Rules.
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal was held
in Nairobi, Kenya from Monday November Chemical Safety
27 – December 1, 2006. ✦ The Manufacture, Storage and Import of
✦ As per the directions of the Hon’ble Supreme Hazardous Chemical (MSIHC) Rules, 1989
Court in its order of October 14, 2003, in and the Chemical Accident (Emergency
the matter of W.P. No. 657/95 filed by the Planning, Preparedness and Response ) Rules,
Research Foundation for Science Technology 1996 are the main instruments for ensuring
and Natural Resource Policy, against Union chemical safety in the country. As per the
of India and others actions have been initiated information available, there are 1666 MAH
to comply with these orders, such as action units in 24 States/UTs( 21 states & three
against units violating HW Rules, National UT’s) in 263 Districts of the country . As per
Inventory on hazardous wastes, the latest report 1628 On-site Plan and 166
inventorisation of illegal dump sites of Off site Plans have been prepared. State level
hazardous wastes and preparation of Crisis Group have been constituted by all
rehabilitation plans for the same, disposal of States/UTs except Andaman & Nicobar ,
hazardous wastes lying at various Ports/ICDs/ Arunachal Pradesh, Daman & Diu, Dadar
Docks of the country, rationalization and & Nagar Haveli, Jammu & Kashmir,
amendment of Hazardous Wastes Rules Jharkhand, Lakshadweep, Mizoram,
2003, strengthening of SPCBs, CPCB and Nagaland, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh
HSM Division of the Ministry etc. and Manipur.
✦ The Supreme Court Monitoring Committee ✦ A Sub-Scheme entitled” Industrial Pocket-
(SCMC) on Hazardous Waste Management wise Hazard Analysis” has been in operation
constituted by the Ministry in November since the Eight Five Year Plan . Out of 263
2003, in accordance with the directives of the districts having Major Accident Hazard
Supreme Court, has submitted its final Report (MAH) units, Hazard Analysis studies have
in addition to the Monitoring Reports these been initiated for 107 districts. Out of these,
have been filed to the Hon’ble Court. 85 studies have been completed.
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 Annual Report 2006-2007

✦ A Feasibility study on Vulnerability and Risk India by UNITAR under the Indo-Canada
Assessment of Transportation of Dangerous Environment Management initiative. The
Chemicals was initiated for 8 selected main objective of the project is to develop a
stretches which are having maximum national profile to assess India’s national
congested traffic for transportation of infrastructure for managing chemicals, as an
Hazardous chemicals. The objective was to important first step to strengthen national
identify the major highways in the respective capacities and capabilities for the sound
states where the bulk of hazardous materials management of chemicals. Central Pollution
get transported, identification of risk, Control Board was entrusted to implement
consequences, mitigation measures including the project. Draft National Profile have been
preparation of Disaster Management Plan, prepared and discussed in two regional
assess the status of compliance of the workshops held at New Delhi and Mumbai 4
provisions laid down in the Motor Vehicle during October, 2005. Suggestions made by
Act, 1988 sections on hazardous materials stake holders have been incorporated and final
transportation and to develop emergency draft is being prepared for review and
response procedure for accidents during finalization by National Coordination
transportation of hazardous chemicals. Committee.
✦ Financial assistance for conducting training ✦ The Ministry continues to follow-up the
programmes on Emergency Preparedness, Implementation of the Manufacture, Storage
Accident Prevention was provided to National and Import of Hazardous Chemical
Safety Councils, Disaster Management (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 and the Chemical
Institute (DMI), Bhopal, Associated Accidents (Emergency Planning,
Chambers of Commerce and Industry , Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996.
Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) and ✦ A pilot study entitled GIS based Emergency
other state run institutions. The main Planning and Response System with respect
objective of the programme is to effectively to chemical accidents in Major Accident
prepare, prevent and mitigate emergencies Hazard (MAH) installations has been
arising due to chemical and to impress upon initiated for the 10 States covering 22
the concerned people the necessity of districts- NCT Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttar
emergency preparedness and response. Pradesh, Haryana , Karnataka, Kerala, West
✦ Financial assistance was provided for Bengal, Assam ,Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.
establishment of an Emergency Response The objective was to help response agencies
Centres (ERC) at Hyderabad. The mainly Central Crisis Group (CCG). District
Emergency Response Centre would primarily Crisis group (DCG) and Local crisis Group
deal with chemical emergencies in the area. (LCG), during pre-emergency state for
The ERC is also the Central agency in the planning and rehearsing response to major
area for dissemination of technical chemical disasters and also during actual
information relating to chemical hazards emergency situations so that a well planned
required to meet chemical emergencies. The response can contain the damage to the
centre will also cater to transport accidents. minimum. To ensure proper implementation
of the software at district level, nine training
✦ Partial financial assistance has been provided programs have been conducted involving the
during the year for setting up of a Poison members of the State Crisis Group, District
Control Centre at Government General Crisis Group of the districts covered under
Hospital in Chennai. this project.
✦ Ministry initiated a project on developing the ✦ The Stockholm Convention on Persistent
National Chemicals Management Profile for Organic Pollutants (POPs) has come into
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 Ministry of Environment & Forests

force for India on April 13, 2006. The Final implemented in Kozhikode city in Kerala was
Project Brief of the Enabling Activity Project reviewed. Review for providing partial
to identify the requirements for developing financial assistance to demonstration projects
National Implementation Plan (NIP) to in Goa, Puducherry and Punjab was carried
implement the Stockholm Convention on out during this year.
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) has been
✦ The Ministry continues to follow up the
prepared and forwarded to GEF for seeking
implementation of the Recycled Plastics
financial assistance for the preparation of
Manufacture and Usage Rules. As per these
National Implementation Plan .
rules the SPCBs/PCCs are empowered to
✦ An Inter – Ministerial delegation from India register the manufacturers of carry bags or
participated in the Open-ended Ad Hoc containers of virgin/recycled plastics.
Working Group on Non-compliance and the
✦ Review on possible amendments to the
second Conference of Parties of the
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Handling) Rules and the Recycled Plastics
Pollutants from April 28-29, 2006 and May
Manufacture and Usage Rules was carried
1-5, 2006 at Geneva, Switzerland.
out.
Solid Waste Management ✦ The Supreme Court Monitoring Committee
✦ The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management (SCMC) on Hazardous Waste Management
and Handling) Rules, 2000, the Fly Ash constituted by the Ministry in November,
Notification, 1999 as amended in September 2003, in accordance with the directives of the
2003 and the Recycled Plastics Manufacture Hon’ble Supreme Court in Writ Petition
and Usage Rules, 1999 as amended in June, (Civil) No.657 of 1995, to oversee the
2003 constitute the regulatory framework for compliance to the directions of the Court,
the management of solid wastes in the held four meetings during the year. The sub-
country. committees of the SCMC have undertaken
six site visits during the period to various
✦ The utilization of fly ash by Thermal Power States to verify he status of compliance to the
Plants is being continuously monitored by directions of the Court.
the Ministry. The utilization of fly ash during
the previous year was about 51 million tonne ✦ The Ministry is pursuing with the Central
as against a generation of 112 million tonne. Pollution Control Board and the State
About 18 million tonne of fly ash was utilised Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control
by the cement industry. The rest was utilised Committees of Union Territories for taking
in the activities such as construction of roads, their necessary actions for strict
backfilling of mines, brick making, landfills, implementation of the Bio-Medical Waste
ash dyke construction (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
✦ During the year, the status of implementation ✦ Training workshops for the stakeholders on
of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management Bio-medical waste for effective
and Handling) Rules was reviewed. Partial implementation of Bio-Medical Waste
financial assistance for one project for the (Management & Handling) Rules, were
setting up of a regional Municipal Solid Waste conducted in the States of Orissa and Kerala
Management facility in 12 cities and towns by the Multi Disciplinary Centre on Safety,
by Ahmedabad Urban Development Health & Environment, Bhubaneshwar
Authority in Gujarat was provided and the (Orissa) and the National Safety Council of
project relating to development of a model India, (Kerala Chapter), Kalamassery (Kerala)
system on solid waste management being respectively during the year.
116