Assignment Questions- Module II
Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, 1974
1. Define water pollution.
2. Explain the significance of water for human survival.
3. What are conventional water pollutants?
4. Differentiate between point and non-point sources of water pollution.
5. Discuss the role of industrial discharges in water pollution.
6. How does agricultural runoff contribute to water pollution?
7. What is atmospheric deposition in the context of water pollution?
8. Outline the key provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974.
9. Describe the functions of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) under the
Water Act.
10. Examine the role of State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs).
11. Discuss the concept of a joint board as per the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act.
12. What powers does the state government have under Section 19 of the Water Act?
13. What are the penalties and fines under Section 42 of the Water Act?
14. Explain the emergency measures under Sections 32 and 33 of the Water Act.
15. How did the Supreme Court of India interpret the right to water in the cases of
Atmalinga Reddy vs UOI (2008) and Susetha vs TN (2006)?
16. What challenges exist in controlling non-conventional water pollution sources?
17. How does deforestation contribute to water pollution?
18. Discuss the process and importance of sample collection and analysis as outlined in
Section 21 of the Water Act.
19. What are the limitations of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974?
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981:
1. Discuss the necessity of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, in
combating air pollution.
2. What are the main objectives of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981?
3. Define 'air pollutant' as per the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
4. How does the Act address the regulation of noise pollution?
5. What is the role of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) as established under
the Act?
6. Explain the functions of State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) under the Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
7. How are industrial emissions regulated under the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act?
8. What powers do the pollution control boards have regarding the inspection of
industrial plants?
9. Discuss the penalties for non-compliance under the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act.
10. Explain the process of sample collection under the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act.
11. How does the Act empower state governments to declare air pollution areas?
12. What are the provisions for reporting accidents related to air pollution under the Act?
13. Discuss the importance of the M.C. Mehta case in shaping air pollution laws in India.
14. What are the powers of entry and inspection granted under the Act?
15. Explain the procedure for appealing decisions made under the Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act.
16. How does the Act deal with offenses committed by companies and government
departments?
17. Discuss the establishment of air laboratories under the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act.
18. What role does the Central Government play in setting air quality standards under the
Act?
19. Explain the process for setting up an Appellate Authority under the Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act.
20. Discuss the penalties for obstructing or giving false information to pollution control
authorities under the Act.
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986:
1. What were the key reasons behind the enactment of the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986?
2. Discuss the constitutional provisions that enabled the enactment of the Environment
(Protection) Act.
3. How does the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, empower the Central Government
to tackle environmental pollution?
4. What role did the Stockholm Conference of 1972 play in the formulation of the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?
5. Define 'environmental pollution' as per the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
6. Explain the term 'hazardous substance' under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
7. What are the functions of environmental laboratories under the Act?
8. How does the Act regulate the handling of hazardous substances?
9. What penalties are prescribed for general offenses under the Environment (Protection)
Act, 1986?
10. Discuss the powers of the Central Government to appoint officers and issue directions
under the Act.
11. How does the Act facilitate the prevention of accidents likely to cause environmental
pollution?
12. Examine the procedure for taking environmental samples under the Act.
13. Discuss the significance of Section 7 of the Environment (Protection) Act regarding
pollution control.
14. What are the penalties for environmental offenses committed by companies under the
Act?
15. How does the Act define the relationship between air, water, land, and human beings?
16. Discuss the procedure for reporting environmental accidents as per the Act.
17. How does the Act address the need for sustainable development?
18. Examine the role of the National Green Tribunal in environmental protection under
Section 5A of the Act.
19. Discuss the concept of 'Umbrella Act' in the context of the Environment (Protection)
Act, 1986.
20. What are the key drawbacks of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, according to
legal scholars?
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000:
1. What is noise pollution, and what are its primary sources?
2. Explain the health impacts of noise pollution on human beings.
3. How is noise pollution measured, and what instruments are commonly used?
4. Discuss the causes of noise pollution in urban areas.
5. How does industrialization contribute to noise pollution, and what are its effects on
workers?
6. Explain the role of transportation in the rise of noise pollution.
7. What are the different types of noise pollution? Provide examples of each.
8. How does noise pollution affect wildlife and their communication?
9. Discuss the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, and their key
objectives.
10. Explain the noise limits for various areas/zones as defined in the Noise Pollution
Rules, 2000.
11. What powers do the District Magistrate and Police Commissioner have under the
Noise Pollution Rules, 2000?
12. What are the consequences of violating noise pollution standards under the Rules?
13. Explain the process for obtaining permission to use loudspeakers during special
events under the Noise Pollution Rules.
14. How do noise pollution regulations address the use of public address systems?
15. Discuss the acceptable noise levels in industrial, commercial, residential, and silence
zones during the day and night.
16. What penalties are prescribed for noise pollution offenses in India?
17. How does the case of Sushil Chandra Srivastava v. The State of U.P. (2019) shape the
enforcement of noise pollution laws?
18. Discuss the impact of noise pollution on vegetation and non-living beings.
19. Explain the significance of silence zones and the permissible noise levels within them.
20. How have courts in India enforced the Noise Pollution Rules, 2000, through landmark
judgments?
