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Unit 1 Synchronous Generator

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344 views111 pages

Unit 1 Synchronous Generator

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GAMES TECH
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IQEE 4) AC. Robabing Meuchuints a3 oe aah Synchronous cari ate ateteal mageline uslaich, “comers yrechandead gy into suedisad gy an as am | altunobing cunt rw madre va abled Ae genurcdor 2 PR Ae gensralioy ts also caltidl “an alternator, > The Same machine ds ate capable of computing wedincod ng into muchanuteod egy where Lb ws cablid a Synchronous motor. Both these mochunes woe ob a specific constaut speed calked Synddronous speed, Hence din genirak colli oS tpnchrowous ra chines > AL tre modem pourr stations consuls of dange copa oy Hue phase alternator | pee. btw De gurualor and altexnalor: > dn Dt gennralor, basically the nabxre of Andured emh ty the anmature conduckor ts of andernating Arype , wating commutation ancl brik assembly Gd is converte intio Do ane avallahe 40 epternal odrucit « > Of the commubalor vio armor from a PC gentralir ond tre tnduiced emp ts takin fOr wre armature ditedly outside, sucha machine vathouk commutaloy Providing an AC tf te He uiternal cheutk ui called an alternator. | > anrroung enamnk tobith do used to. vallaet | an Tnducceel ends — 4rOnn te seotating ormabins | anc make tt avatlable fo the sstadicnany okt | coded ahip Aung amd brute arsensly < i Nok only The trait eu com ne tan ou | prem tre pot. wag eutude, but Aan induced, | ong con be erable cow | outyie wilh the nay of hy tog and brush jeanne 03" sup Ming and baud arrangement: z | Advandager 6, Rotating pid oven Actating Onmalye | 1. As every coheve Ac, ts. .used, the genevection devel of Ac voltage may be high ) ae ItkKV to aakv. For stationary avmoabure , Aawge space can be provioled’ fo accomodate Aorge number of conductors and the inwalotion . 2. Easy to proviole necussary coouny arrvongemonk for a atoitio roy system of conductors. RISE bah 7 a SB OE bitte te protec: igh. voltage | CPlnding grom the conbifugal forces coming due to rotakion. Wen, high voltage acmature Sit Yeteadanes Maplocin | D> Crabor winding Pog el | D> Necesary cooling arraugeuuuts. | [po ( ( P frame Ags Lahpne stots Yen 4 ) Alator od Shope of slob may be > opin Sona abaicye > emt fay mM 3 des. tien wou Sems-dpred’ charac | 9 34 wodg -b pud crulde tu olat with Maushad Lnaadabion ., > Ventilation fs mouintarud with ane help of ols Cart ww dnt frame Rotor: é 2 Rotating fuld 2 eat OM drow vie no, of Jul, poles. (24, b DS Pole ave aactromag nekic D> Be exclleg cwuunt a Suppl from Arbonal source Ve Slip aiag and bu Cou provided by a omall ac gene ralor Cexector) on the shaft of mocking. eee) . x CT ein winding n 4 s«) D No. of poles dopends on the speed ef operotion Frequancy of induced emp ‘f' = ayclts see fae cles K "Ye Velution Rotor speed Cn) apm’. 60° 2 pols — 1 dyke Apoles Ages | Sypi. eh Rotor conatructivare 5 ft i: 1 Cabit pote dapper a TS None satiout pale tes) Smoot Cylararsical, | Based on the veloy' constraction 5! “gre Sigucboconous machine 4s claampitd unto ° “1 wadionk pole machine 2. Now eablent pote machine - A Sodient pou. bypl ta wag > damper wag \:profzeted pote ANE Nees? TE & my std ot Low LAE pprdiiom. Spriol. Cu» than |woovpm) Pols aw projutrd out - and Aone subjicltd Aa cerdvifugat fore. i > >. Water duwdyints and Te enquires nr os prime movers - : . = The Limiting faut for the sine of He wntor we the Centvifuget fore acting bv the rotabing member of tre machine. di mechanical Strength of vablemnl pale type 4a, Ls. thd ae) probtind “for Low. vpued allernalors ranging Arden 125 vpn to. BDovpm - qyioser™ Salient pele type ta alto called Ou ney Jap Od all) the poles axe projected veut, | rom athe supa of relor- | Polo wh identical ddmundons one. Aneembiscd outaide by stacking Aaminoted, stro shot to he Aequind Lupe. Apter placing the pid co oround tach pole wody they axe pitted to a stool spiter of Fook mognetic quoluk,. the PoUA facts ave so shaped Anak the Vorrwl ow gop gtr Jncxtoss fron the Pete ctre to the pile op. go tak te fun aintr® bubton ln the ale gap ay strusotdal iy, Shope Uoluih wi hulp the machthe fe qorecote, sinussidol tm. closod | aAors Ore Provicled on the phe fate He o.cuomodale « oharpe, crtndug te yaduce th “Aunting of TH raachin Al the pila cols we conredid on cole and wthe vewullank ovo terminals are tonnedia 42 & oflip sings mounted an the shal, The Corresponding Aru Ltads are takin Lo : Lene Letminal bor of ke macktht ancl mactual| » , 7 ark and ky, Wher erternol Oc reurnrtnt ots : posed erreugh dont sid, nbag » mie ficlds with QUeinar Rove 'and coulis pelts oe gob up onound, ane pots facts read AEC | stant we the ot : ae dg 40 proserd- . Qpee OU A ote 3000 Mr wT mm | | | | | aie fe 7 Smool cyfinariod types | ; | ‘of Smbotr solid, StEak. acommodote the fruld Roto consists’ cytindes waving rol St hos slots feu diamilty and more axtal Length Ons PaLrol portion Potme movers are steam turbires elects” motor” The conducllvity of hydrogen ts 7 Lime thot of alr, Mae A To suit nigh speud. operation, thes ype of Holy hos Smooth eutotnal Surface and pr He some kVA sabing » dh Xs cluigaed with Lae - dlicoumater ound more axlal Lungth. In the vetar , 2]3. of rotary periphery , mors ave mila ouk at requis trterwal , ancb parollal to He shaft Remaining Ys portion vis abt unitottud, dp form gor 4 pol faces. Pre pound field tous ave plated tnaicle me slot ofr sous connection of alt ford cotla, the veseltant two rads ave conreteh AD 2 sulp Xings meunba, onthe shaft The corresponding bru Lio are taken to He t@umbral bow of the machine and morked 0 X and xx, Wher external RC cunout iy passed through the féblol woindlng , oMernale noth Ona couth pole fled sob op nol Yaa Yobor, since these veto haw Large rol cove Angie | ford ventlhotton [4 poviaed for proper coating. Fored acr cooting wy vadeck on ‘ackcne with” shyt upto ‘50 NVA ana a chines of favger’ cap ait , PINTS ‘Hlydvogen capiclys As *eapuoyen becouse sonauctt vy of hydrogen’ Us" apsick” F Abn that of ain. ™ the paatn advantage of th Lype sof, | over ts Prue. ave mechount Lally Vesuy strong run, ‘preforiat fod igh spurt alternating | pesos Ip00 i 3000 pr) < J of R Buck. igh Sp2ud alternators caleol aa | turbo alternator. Palme moves used b drtve | prio typL Of olor ave Ament etiam turbine gurd, eleevic motors. ws dabisat pate ancl GyLénalwteoit Gormparwow blo, agp 0} rotor: Solimt pile [Smooth CyLindlxcal 2 [Pos Zbl put Porn ane - iP wet | Pole cuu pot proj zdbing | penn tre svotor surfaw: | uk. “collink pol ar pr dl Propured for high spaccl | fes Lovo wped ope is Oporvotion. | (ta adtexnatis Panne movers Used are turing, AWATC | motors ave the prinu mover | Awad. | Steam tubints and oleic Wakry £4 gin on | 2 as Mechanically wreak ea | | Siparole damp widg da Mampe woe 44 nob paovicleat. reclaim. ois 129 Fsey sl YA Pov Same size, the vacling.| pox SQ Sige, voting ta Smallty than, apinaicad 43 aber hon the” Ape Sallink pou ia | & xeltation agen’ ; ac “canine potbaead: Bisley 10d, 3 IA. Ge aathrough, oktp x i One cal negro rte sere 2 de so 4 | a 3 Separately averted Hos. prwhlen sui ation sep: Pesatent | [noqnas | [Rotating ami CAc_ exec) “Lc eet (S lion dusds) Ferelback of Diode verti fu gen volp Nt for contol gpulatns Mae all One | | | | Prinelple 0h ppsration: Stator _» 3h avmotune Wolg Rotor > [Rita weal J rete wilh oc supply ruceasary mag. field set up im the aix gap. The allernatoy works on the principle of | OM 0 3 dion. the i | detonate nadudcion. When there a yelative motion blur xhe condudor and flux em} gets induced tn the Conduclor, pewraling to Faraday!s dows of suitho ma gnutit induction , fhe amount of emf induad an a conduuclor ds .orertly proporeonol £0 vote Of change of fun Aire bY fre cot , ewdad ok the Hing AMI gare tre diruction ef, Cm Lncurtel ch o cou wohich stata that (nL ction of Anoluent Om “4 seth Drak dhe caryunk Seb up by 4b Aine Ofpeis the change whith Camels 40 Aasenced Ong Oe FOS Mech. dager nw | 4pee mechine Bod heihis 120 electrical (2x 36d) | i 360 mech = S60K2 elechi z Vi nse 2 | ever 2 | Polo pitch: reo era, rete = stoijpolW Bak ett a ia wee deve A algts [rote dn ladoieol agree ua ‘thiLia WOE ang P- As sbis per pole cont butts L90 eetical, > TAC Pound a j % slok angle = 180 7 me Bel ye slots per pole, hw a Eq: od pols 18 slots MIC. ar . 9 P= ($0 = [Bond “ee 18/2 4 = ae. i Condy hort condurch a 2 le} Le Slot | slot 2 TE we consider an eref endecod wi the Conduchay whic are placed tn slots adfacnt Yo cack other, Tere wi svint a phase obifferener of B Anbianten thom: Types ef Prmature wag 1. Sing Layer & double tayor Lwdg. A Full patch & Amok pltcr 3 bententrotid 4 aust bull nO Tategrat: Hob. & fractional ‘slot 5 hap, Wane % concentric, WAGs. Single Layer aoiuble Lay: Tr stngde layer w0dg, tach slot houses r Only One cok sede, AL- Uel- i, Tr double Layer wag, 10ch Abb 45 spit vino YO Layee. 1 or more NO. of Dil soles aye houseol tw each AOYLy, Geese: ! eae Epo A Abekof spaces ioe wanted, on — lays SANs: gS UOlne t sslok ha 1 oe \ ep wlactricol —s (Pas pate) Shot pete 7 . A Noy 4 lip Py [94 | Stok ne) Stina "Glsbn04 slol ADLO | | short perched | by | slot | 4 Cader 100 2 state) | Tf the tse sto OP sank, col Art | poued tn slots stpagalt excl, led elechical | then he” votncg Was ei patch Winding af the tw sic of some coil ave “hbused ty slots, Sepowatia by an angle which a Luss thay 18 cteemieal, Uhum AnD winding As called ghort pric votnding.. pdvantages of shove pitch coil - |b The dena, sv equirect for enol sonnstions col, tn Leas. 0, A Copple uy Acqutreol hence Lronortah. 2. Shovt pitching cUnunales igh frequing, | harmowss honce woaveporm of Enclucea ent ia more vinuwiclal ue te shove pitching, SRS haghe frequency harmonies gts tlininaleat 7 Lady current anol hysherts Apdite Urhich Atpinds on frequinty also gus minincud. pe wh Ange of short pitch (x) = D for full ptich wag, k= %B for shove pitch wdg, Where ~ angle bia adgacent, slots Goes LB an ‘trlager. Foy example, dn 2 pee 1a stots) / qlkeinator, ine pote pdtch to Ik =4 obets. 2 TH WU side th slot KO! ts Connected to WU Side in slot Wd. to.’ then fhe, COUL, <4 called | dull pitch col Yor3% ulek we I Th Ub ts conned Yo. coil side uh get | RD. 4 Cory Bo thers RL COU. He said to be Shor PLtch wu Cor) fractional patch ‘ei. 4yenerolly, weil are shorid vi IG@r) 2 slots, 3. Concentralad, and diatibuted wage tg: 2 pee +e slots 18 2G slats Jere, a q 2 3 Slots] pole /phase. =m. Z =240 conducbors Zl = yo =80 condisetrs Pyhate. disikbuted tw alt 3 slots /pols / phase \ | : Tw Hyver phase alternator, There aves ) athtevent Set of woirelings for each phoae, Depenaing: upow tre jotol number of stots ang number of poles, curtain slots Per phase available under Lark, pole: This a alenstea, In YRe 2carples poly 18° Sis aUiernato, 28. Now, Lod %, rember. OF conduclors Per phase ave to be placed Urder One, pete. and we pave alot per poe per phase. gp all | | u conduukors parr Phase , Ave plawa Uh. One toh) | weopang demodeirg "2 ston parr pole pow phase | . | emt, Ta tne winking vale called tebccenty | winding . . : , * | | So, fr concentratd winding, cols solonging a phase ave plated tn one slot, under eve | pote. [gL Wnduitors par phase are aint bull | | oxnorg. thes Hear slots pe pole per phos, ther the voinding ds called the clus) buted, twindab Diam but warding PACKS the Waveho of the tnauad end move SUnudordal ue nade. | | nohevens, vw con centvalaa Wwidding aut to | tay ruumbit of Conductors por tll - hot PM pe obton da spears. EMME OM, we ED, dowels ayer. ‘shovk. pk, aad bata Aira L of mending 4s Proper toy altornalbvs. ched j TEgRAL Slot and fradtonal stot wag: Based ow ithe Ao of ‘stots | pole] phot Ww Whethoy _Dedegey ovfrackion. - Sem>L23,.... vaclige rok slob WAG y $5025 2m £123... fractional slot wag, dap, warn 4 woncenbre winding dap and ware windings ave suttable for win Single and double layer wenelings Whervées, concenie wendeings ; are, move guitople for singh layer winding, The choice’ blw Aap dnd “us cnr volnaing fury bas om convintuee of encl tonnecbion they gree He to wimilay performance kmt equation of an alternabor-- deb OD > furnf poi um Wh P - ho.of poles. Ng - Syn speed daw 7pm fer frequency, of in auteed emt ta Hy, QT- Z- dota i of concluchors. 7 App . conauctors|ph ose conneclta AT ph - Aph - 5 : tn Seyls Zph = Z Os ho, of phases ‘3! | 3 | SS ohsteler a wingle coniducdlors played if! \Slot. The average vabise of engi indies aay conduucbor Sad ; 8 . at Foy one veroudZon. ef a, Concluctor ae per cond iilby' Pleo Ono, a ¢ anh . ee Seine, tecRin for oy Vout Totod turn, an’ dd. = op. w Wri tatu to Bin Yévaludion dt 2.0, > i Ms Cag ber siadactes — = OPNs 60 as. Ns = Jaof ° r ‘ Jus S Can per = ol. Toate O Fppducton, - ag Assume , 7 dulb pith winding to semp) Conductor iy wanedted to a COnduclay ws 145 pleebicad apart Stu Ate Cot run boy Joo. ub up a, current by ar Same atvection Ttced al Per Cun = Lx rf per conductor pliched, @ 27) = axeot . = oF eo od ‘Lt Tph be the No- oF terns fev PRANK? ray towne did Un sexe, . + Assume concentrated voinadig ‘erage. Eh « Teh x © Average “cup [Gow =Tph x 4fb vous Th AC civil, RMS value of atlernalog peas b ouad por the ana bot Rag Valu of Eph = Powe decker x Prevage | = KASD TAR volts be aed a Tp vt] | Banc Lo} spuation of an alternate | Ete VaEpROY | EL Eph DA. - mn b. aerinieenr®, avmaliine wendutg leith Y connectiel: MESS VI 11? Fev soit plich, Crlvoduce a faclsi kp > pltch fadoy. p 3 kd a ested bubibn ty Rp 21 for futt pitch , kd =I fer concentrolid wd, ye! Kpel for short pétch e y Kahlo. oy, liatibated wg me in tph= yyrd OTA KP kd volts joheme kp. ka ko r ~> wodg foul “PPteh-sfador, (00 coll spar factor (Ke) or kp ow pou pith h- anges by which the wile av sd ins! "pitched, | Ds the wilt Are bhovted in tevmns of 10-4 | ly ove oy Gu slots, and slo we. tithey oy Be Thun, Hb tam be vovdlan a, ay ‘ 4 = BX nO. oF lols by whi coils ave short pi thea. Thcbed con dete — Adbual' coil Apm of the cofle . pitches | HE be Hee ent dneuuce + wil aaa ful pater coll) the Endued| edt each coils side elf Loh Cm ue ervef Acro a ote wt be , SAA Abt a * on each cotf side nit, Ane Yeuutant jiylovalec tum of +a toe, }(ROu ast emp)= EF = QE for ful pith Shove. pills col De - ER CAMAMshic addidion) Fu pitch col t Sees ester eee Noto He cUL- in’ short pitched by anges e, TREN EN AO Emp din Ae LWW coll ides not Yemain: \tn came, phase Now. the vemdltant emf become phasor Sim of the Hoe! ass shown ee dtgure The Youltant “orp Ee vin TAG \ aoe fp From the geomat 4 hg, AS. ts s Ayame on OB atrecking ce 7 OB (oc) - £¢ C8) =ER 2 and BOA wx Taangu ocA soo) - OC of Cos(Ap) = Ee Ee _ ae cost /2) This 43 tne vemmant enc tr cam of ghovt pitch co. etn teed Hane caked Go AA fe he PLR Gabor “Ee Be bot venody ACOVAVO MG ag 0» ROY ER) woes i on he ge sedis ON Wiki nc Loree 1 “Sq0dn 4 Ke = oF cos (l/2) s Dt ota, ot ‘EF be & Au the met ° ma shy PPR a/® LCAB) = E 6 th ete B i. Ag a! ‘pn’ stors per pole si. gots pot [phox fproluch erat sn tack corl , icduuet ge eat Ol AUCCOMAARE Phom angle dlibbusne, of ieee fired ing out the phowr sum of alt ‘of them, the phasor idcagrom wilt approock a shops of ‘m! 2quol side polygon | aL remson bad by & xcantkutvols of vada ¥, | Tp the figure, AB, ,B% CD, CD, 2 Aeprertnt | em} per coil. AU the ends are Jotueat ato! the ang sublended by each phasor at the origi ‘9’ 4s Then alt the Otto AB, oRC, ave stmilay, 04 AB= BC=CD = .-.-=E (Poe = LBOc © = Lood =p | Ty 'H) as tke dort point of 1+ last phasor then ROM = warp, % pm = Tremblant eimnp | Of oth He phowts consist, BOMB Separatily. pt of be the 14 dyqwr On AB bi secking argh ak apoxo! a> Bla. 2CAB) oe Lp = Elz | ACOAIER Sw (PRD = pe. ey oe R Now Commas Vie Sonn and O61 & the Ly anon Lorn \ 0” on Us Cae bi ecsbing the DAM. hoa | hon f = MB fa Ltam) eo" Sea ASH Mook Ace = ely * Iss fq © degal : din cfm) = Pa 2 Erle on MM FR (e=2 stal pip This vis dey pewaltank evap whim cols ave disty buted . TE out ‘WW! “eotks axe concentrated , then the youttaut — Co tum of all the emt. rR e Anca aah =m, iT suc pla) The dialvibidion factor’ is defined as the voto of the vesuttank ent, Whom the cols ave distributed - kKa= Fe whim ails ave aise lid ER when coe ave Concecteatid ka. AR sin (MEL) «sin (reple) pe Resin (PI) m sin CPL) Eupremen for emp ~quction o atbernalsy to, emenegpemn | Eph beaut e Teh kp kad vous... Ag eee For full pith coil IP el, 3 lontentrotid. cou Mae} For genre pith < atabtbatd op | Mamet aap teenie -| An amature of 84 alternalay has !20 Slots tina thes: obLberndior' has @ poles, Calarlate tts diatnbulltn. faclir KA. bxhad’vtshn kas sin( mpl) ms CC pie) oe me slots [pots | pose r B= 80 ; ff Ww | he slote/pate P= Pde ots 3 | = i ela | ts | Is | m= 25 \ 3 i Ble ede 6 | Ka = on (5xb) § stn( 6) Kai = d= OS 20,456 0.§22b Tn & 5 pote 8g altumotor, armature had 3b Slots re weg whidk & short it ts watng an armatu pitched by one slot. Cabeulalc tte plich faclor. € \ N= sglots 236 =4 Slots— eee _ pote ve 1 P= Iso° - [80 =20, 8 n. a Shovt pitched by one slot. chook pekih’dinglt hse Bix ho. OF arg ren ie angi P land suots S$ a avs & = Pprl Xe P- k=d0, : Pitch-fartar Kp - Cos le/ay 1A 3g stator - to slots with & conductors per slob, and the (6 pole stay connecltd atltumatoy hog con auctor OF Lach phase are connedzd th Shin | Se col span os l4h tee cok leg ree. Debornie | Akt phase anol Ade dare ef Ch the machine Splid vis ak 315 rpm and the fun per poe & 0.0b1, atsint buded strujoidotty in the ofr gap. Be = eyo = IS pote orelag pe cosa) “of 2 18 coll span = (80 - 14y OG - 86 Kp - cos (tr) — cos( 34/2) = 0.45) | Ark = nent Toh Keka, _ 7 HEB TR RARE, a 46 Sd Ws sage SAS x Bcmdluchry \per clok , + HW URK DK0.061K BRO 4 ah 0.951 X 0.9864 5 Seana Ry ND Rep eiphiis = 640, ape TP | Eve Ween an = , , ‘Tph = So, = VBx 80943. oy Som ny I. 44-3. 05 7 pots . | BG, BAKE. 8 . f eRe ts to _ 31sxlé eee f2o Fes He, eh — Winding —fadiins for harmonte waveform s- | The voaveshape of the enuf Undutcea coll sides deptrde on the waveshape of [an He flux atatn bution un the Oty ap the magnetic the alternating erf Endicteth will be purely sinussidal Orn by Ef the flax purely sinuaoiotal fn the coi! stoles dhtatet bution in the aly gape TE d= Am cinwt then po. Esm x Stnuol Duo to constructional acfpe cette, he flux Gia buliow roy beni © ohonretmoidel,, vr Aergpantie 4 oymmsdhe atomsting flare Waster can be resolred ‘into no. of pure Sirumidat flue waveform: ds of funclamintol | Band higher prdor odd, harrmontes. | Bas OitQsgtoss trove. | the preetna of harmontes vie’ TH flan wowetorn gas repli, in the Worf Of rcuccnct raf ven tre Cau stdas geen by Phe Oth, : €5 Eom Sinwbt Esmg tla sol 4 Egmg sinswtt --.- Ridfect of _harmonte _tomponents_onlip):- | OL. cute of short pitch spr furdarental flan “for 874 harmonte waveform. © for SIR havmonic aa for 2 harmonic. Prick. factor nie (Rhy 2 whire us order of harmonie: Cong Y | | Egfeck tse 21 havmonte “components op Kel Kady = Stn ( 2m B.) me sin (P’) DAs tre alternator us On po load :- Terrmncl vt vph = epk Cthauecd ent) ip As alternalor ws on tood:- Vph $ Eph 5 cue to He drop. ¢ To Ra Ta vo. ¥b_ Regulation. —_ Ghanges “be heremned VE. drone no tonal to hood. : Parameters of female winding 1 Armature rerslance ‘Rel \ 2. Armature Leakage yeactanes KU 3. Reoclance corresponding Hb avmature yeaction t Armature redstonce [pkase CRaph) Ntasaced by passing ac ‘vt through the armaluve WAG. : Pade = Vee ~ Tac Race (05-711), Rae s Abs Affect Roy. sitios Huo RY. tedmchate, Ra tRa = QRa =Re Raé = Reo . Ey : ‘ Race (Les BLN) Rae Whin the ve applied arrow any hwo teminals of avmatore Winding « then the’ "eguteelent vevstonee uy the semlos' cOmbthation of the two yeristane of too otfferent phaae Wwindivg, Thus wm Atay Connecltd alt ernator, the armoduve resistana ply phase 4 Yo of the reristane | Obstiwed acre any die Line rminals, borsidty A connsettd alternalor, Rm =, Rey, 2 Rac ~ & Rey. . _ 2 wide 5 Rey, Rac. 0s to tl) Rae. FO _? i$ 2. Avmature » db cokage acaghante / (4 ttobyy 7 ‘ fe Wht armatue carvis a Uuund, UE produce 9 Oton flu. Soini part of Hye ypu Complete as pecth Through the. atr,, around the Conoluecldy ede. Such a fluy vs calte ct Len korge flue. dhs Leakoge flux makes the armature boindslng inductive Ort nave. Sb, winding poses a Leakage Acactors. tn addition to. veyistonts. Bids we Leatage Uncluctana of te armature wag pes phous then Leakage Acattere Per Phaie ds gidn by, Xv - LOL sang [ph The value of Leakage Acactante we fh, ugh thar the armoture yeystance wl 03 SFM AME ve action’. The effect of armalaire flux on the main fear’ ayeelity ue volue and te oLcsty bution 25°" calli armalie ‘aeackion effect of armature [lux not only clependa * on the magnibade ofthe Curnont ° feawtig troodgh the arm wag but alo dopLnos on ma “palling OF Pen fl opine | conneetad’ Jo pte’ alternator, Effek pk Nature Of the tood. ra ae ax mature yeadion-...-, D unity p.$ load (PE) 4 O'5 wae OM (ford ws Samara, “? a =m sinwt @= Emcoswe - Cross magnetising eppock fonstaty - Purely vestalive Load Connected, do the alternator having opr, Pe tnduced, ont Eph atvtver a current, Taph anal a4 he Lond pf te unbty , Eph. anc ph are aphau with pach other, - TH Of & the rahe flare, produced by He Fila voinding., ~reaponatle -for Enctucioeg Eph. Lae dogs oy ty 2. Now? anrnature, Currvent Produces the arrmatinre® Ure: 4% eee oa and To ave abuses din the Sams ddreckion From the phasor diagyam, there 2xcstt o Phase ac ffevence of 46 blo ammature furn and the pron LU. The wavetorw for the too flues Oppo tach othe on the Lepk hath of Zach pole whe ossuk sock othiy on the ght half of Loch pale. Bene, average jum Un the air gap vrtmnins constant but its dcstribubion gets glistorted Such dithovting zppeck of armature veackion andthe OPE va calles cross magrotiadag 44h of aymotave veaclion. And due to suck alistortion of The tuoe flues, Hee 0 spall drop unt | detminal voltage of th alternator P Lv pagau iin . GPE, FC tall frdiucbive: Load) Tape — “ug by < Consider a purely tndudlive Ano , connected 10 yuo abbernalor Raving 2270, 109909 Pd - “This traliatts Taph lags ph ty 96.» vobith che pd ang Thaiaerd epef Eph lags, inain fue opty 98. Oa ts tn the Same Aévection as tat Of Tph. So vv the phasor Ae agyanns armoire flue! and the smadin fue ane axa tly Un the oppouite avy ection p_zask-ofhry. Hence overnature tar’ ting to cancel the tmacn pure, Suk an effet as Caled aamagrelinnng apport of orerna line veaction. auetion un Prawn FU As thio effect Cae rer al voltage dxop ard Vee of armalttive veackdn|| } go thal. th tebmin , 4 more thou’ the atop an termual yoltage “4 Avop ate corresponding OPF toad: - “be, (Pury capacttsie, Looa) po a Toph or? Vf : Conataley a purely capacitive Load connectad | fp te, albvinaker” snatinige’ atve~ fending pd. Thin Muone the avmatiave Cuyvent Tap Lode ph by 40 Irauced tnt Eph tags of wy 8, | ayhile armabure cuivent Taph and da 27 allways aie the 802 di reckion. tie. Shey ve helping ack othr and “Teme oi addition ty madi flum | duck on effect af avmatuve veadhion aie fo ; flum “aster fold fun, & dalled of armature reaiten. armotiyyre fun ad ded gets: Crouscsl , bys cael (te main Furr, Se gr coker Pe ed a i peeve 44 C, ORL Enoveads tn termenoh voltage. Armature veacion veactance (Xay \ Th all the conchilions of lod pf theva | wa change ain tertmtnol vottage, hue to avmabire Yeachion. Malnly the prackial Loosls axe Enducbe uh Peres due to cLermagnstisurg — Ayer oF arrnaltve veartion , theve 4s Q vedutbon un teuntnal vo tage. his drop & nok across | | any phipsical plemont pod 3° quantify the. Yortage drop aut #0 0% mratiave x catbion, an rae qo have & ana o 1 voindng® w sau Ce Kar 2 I armature 2 se dhiion syeadance Waive Per pho | The valus of this ‘pebtlande'ae te « loaol pf changes vnvon's | dyndeonows veackince! § SY nehronow eee 7 ke. XL + Yar [Pe as, 2 RO +jXs alphe fas) = ee ate . n alternalor: Equcvatent coreuck of 2. toon Vottage Equation of an’ altianatioy- : | sx Eph vii + dake, +tave cveckor ThA abtelition) | 1> “aevop “Taka, & _alusay! unphose wlth Ta, aoe da xs, lags bg qo. With Ta.r ae | Phosor acagram:.- _V GS takin as veference rhie — All othty a are vepvesinted, | woth voberence we Die a ange | F -€ angie bw & &V hoaging Ps? E V by ange §, ve Vago) 2\Tl Ip ToRatl To nity Pf Vo Vtage. regulelian « The voltage ai Ic uation of 3 OD alternator as detcned as Hho change ch teuminal voHAge® froin no loads Fo: load condttron aupreasid ad a frection ov 1: OF tecocnal, Vo Hage at load conolibiony > the spud a no excl terion vernatheng Same 1. Yo trage regulation = Eph= PA xiog | Vph The value of vequlatiion not only depends on te dowd current. put ase on the pf of the load. | and dusty power factor condition, obioays cyop in slearminal vo rage hence alisays poritive. trove | “veg ulation Value wre Lowel. fov Atadiing Load condition, the tOuninal voWage bncreasss as rho dood Curvent increases, Hens) fhe vegutatlon WANTS 5 ee aecurate sg) amperes Taree MME pitied» motte ni al ban oaks OL bs yk otf BY Potted” pzsppanethed 9 bnvelo Tere DMifOd N Astieane 0 x ae pies BAS Ne veg ulation” by in Aseitng driven ot sgne 7 In aed. prt ONO" ve ved > Eph-Veh The figure shows Re ‘otreuih diagram fy concluding the diveck Load text on 3d allernatore. “ ; Th Y connected armature wolacling a connedied, to a Sphose dood oitth’ te help op Test. Theft, wag Bi pegitin bg geparete Be “supply to contrat the PIU, Le the oye a winding, 4 vytottak & connectia, Yevough fut Un Sevitos, Wotth Utd. windang, Pr oceduye, Yhke attermoboy t dréven ab Cte Sphrnon Spud by means of G prime mover. By gurng Pc supply to the fala wl, yee Fld cb Ly adpurcrd te the flute thal the vated ve avaslable acrew ‘the armalivw tormenal, which it obswwed by the Wo Utrmste, connecltd Acris the two Jhe. Now, the Oak 4s conmccld, by atoiung | ho Test , then the boa ty travieousd 40 that amrmory veade voted Vole of cb, Again adyiirk dhe Vb vo UB vat value ang Ahupstad Connected, Nou, throw off He Aoeth the ante Yond bY opsnang Tee TPST Without drangrg Ane spatd and 4ild ercitetion OE EEE ee Now, Obseme ti. yollmeley veadig, Ar thtve us ee a malive Curmnent and Arociatid amp, the vb vwedling ch this achuobion eres’ colds “he value of nbornally, Enduced en} cablect ro dodel fermaral vty! Va A Comvert both the yeaduaas fo phase wodluls thin thet Ate vequlatiby ws caleciléctid Worn He formule. i Synervonsns raéliso Cupedance. [EME peethool : This yelhod,” Yequires estimation OF Synchronous brpedana Xs of the alk esnalor synchronous veastance Ye v4 caleulabed with a measurement of uy tncuing vowatane pee phose- Dhe catowtaliion procedure make vos of the | trtimation ef Norvious yoHage Arp and emg, Yhe tot dota required 1 Effective venstence per Phare of fhe Bp wag « 2. Open yw charrackeniatets a mratid spird and recuny 3. Ghovk creat ehavaucenstits ale vated pled & freuendy, | BBY connectid alternator on 0.6 ce AQUA to generale a dhe voltage of 4 ty SoHy ushen arbven at seo vpm The wtatoy has srots per pote per phase, ana 1o-tomcheceb [Preset Tre gotls ave shot petehadk by ene slot - baletat the Wo ef pole ancl Usefut fam fey ‘ pel. Ns = tdof ‘S00 < lAOASO re pe eX ‘ : oF pale . . wr: EMF method . — gstimabion af sym mpedlante, ONG OQ Oh Y DUANIEES A705 \ - Vayiour vt aropal 4 Tor dato sone ee leah voey yore * Rot Sn) pk’ op Sg wlg | ~ PGC SeeWE Grae Leeiy : 5 | SEO Ptechive vedslana [Phase (Rad + A + he A : Rm = Rade for Star connettion 2 ‘pes 'Pen = Rae for 4 connecliin Roe < (68 eh) Rae Ae tad due te Skin effect The winding remstance per phase can be measured by passing OC current’ through the aymatuye winding and note cloum te voltage drop across any two terminals mmo king vse of ynak connection diagram. “The moasured vesidtance pm < Vr Trp The effective vevistance per phase for “the flow of AC civvenk wit be about =o), highey than Pate. 9, dae. to skin effect - Prem. wag awe opencixeustia } : | Open rout choracheristics:- EVs Tf ak conta I | | | | | | Fuld wag on alterna Sv content Woon CMagnetisabion Cha vackevicticy) — Pendual | oS un pon tal fully Sockuychea, 3 Sea eed», Saluncoked C park of BH Owe) ia eS uF Theor a Eth Nits kept constant open ci von imvavecken Mee 45 \alro magnetisation cha ractenstics. wee “6m Sree H. evs th a Baw Oct of OM alternator ud the relation blus Eve Tf at a constant speed calm the tein, ob axe Open divuted from theload. Em$ equotion FE = HANNS OT Pe Ed, Kp,Kd and Tph ave constant for grin : math, ond fren oncy $ io Hone, Ee > and BAN, he moauievernnt,-of induced. emg £ on n0 Io k, condition us a measure of fuxd Uo Some oie stale give th value of, fun clonic, 8. Stila, retccaprtustal of Te Up arothe, , Scole wit que He volue of magwtisuns pre. Henw the occ EVs Tf tok the same shops as that of Mog retiralion cha vo clevitity Bm Vs. ' Procedure « Tithables the, filo current i Kept ak ero, The alkernato! us arven by o Prime “mower and adyual the spucd Synchvonous aperd of aldernator . Then tne Tratiol value of yoitmilh ques Tre vol of emt are to vosidual fun, After eee DP rips ithe epictehy eayrou 2 gradually ancy eased un step 94 SUP ancl foy tock Volus of Ty) *he Lime valliislof Cacluceo| emt Lk Patou Prom the vou matin donnecltd acre Any bur armature vexmtnals of alttanator < The observed values may be tabula are er phase vatuss af are catuulaled leg Sear en Pound! 2 be Saban in the indtdal charge of ful! curyenk | Then’ degen Céutaeth. dead, currant ouatg futher vinere ase of fiad exevvenil connot cas Ch cvedue die Onet and the OCL porowes porate ‘to waste, _ Now tee ihn ua pa fly goturoted - Shove cerca” Chaveretensbiees- + . eel . 3 ’ alls SNe. i 2 3 ade ECA) bap. ase ° Lee = Ise ~, Tse = Trek Patandvlp och DPST “and TARP Ce Kept open The abteancioi® as aaivenby ts prime mover to Cts Synchepnous Specd ct PPST ae eled sith apotinbal lividey potion Hs te mininaian apew aodaning Hak the _ teuptial: velinge So closets Gere, TPSIG » Denwed , the altekn aloe teménals Are Shovk chraitea tnvough carernots, Gr one of fhe “Fahy cunouk ys graded increased th Step by sup and for zach value of fila puvvent, rhe Lint vole of Short “ceveenk* current Tec ts netd adewr for the ammeliy, Althourh 6 single veaduig we enough dor plotting “Pre expecta se Line 6.0.0 few mere eradings Mary bs obtauud wp nemdy the obALvolion, The Se, dine sgumgect os ated around whe xelzd curvent jedi tae (altetnalr on sefets Rarer The ohacwwed dns vata Ond the per phaee. abies Bie talealabia Clning the. dellowing on Tse 5 Deel por ¥ Tse = Tset he a ae 1 Fstl clin ot syvchvotots Cmpedance : : "bo nee a a eee ee ELSE Tye" 08 Rommel fettl ef 5 privduseen rete : ' we Veo. : : ms BL Wits qe ys , ¢ ee Tseng 8 OME x : Zs = Eo seu ‘ Tee |p The oce us plottid odin gyroph. sheot by soloctng purtable ecole Such that oe occupies the entire graph shel. The scale “ehoula be Se tiv torch a, Manno Ie shea gh Una Bree whe OCC Both jos has tekoneree are Hele 70 a Common fultal carey ant ee he Oh Nav ans Tse Yalo equation shows Hat ging ote a current Cous and Mrmf geks Enducer uty thy oWrnoiion whith tb fuse suppicrdnt To meek } & synchronous Cmpedance drop. Therefore Xs ton be errimaled by faking the robin Lele oc VG wm SC ck tov the same fildet, But due to non Unnarity vw OCC 2g coleuotéd by. tokung the: -vosktn EO, aiffert fuld as ranes oa Vortolinn. “fromopore covuproninat value OF 73 4) Rormally es tinmottel by faking te otis fo at nommok ful eb. — | Tse q NOUncL fd ch aa Ove Hhok que sro, Ne, Vr om Oce trovomg thy volueot Ra anc ¥s the volte of: synehvonoey weactance vs can be Cateutotd av for omy dived volue of Lead ot per phan | ak dmahe pp cosa Lagging & oding and wk tornod ve per. The Yb veg can be calertaled os IGOR re cang see ca tee NT ED =\op71 en" = VGveord +2085 -(v stnd 4.20 40) v Nt yeq2— 0M xL007/ vo Atacding PRO Meow Consiolevy A 008 Eve [cord +222) Lvsing Fx) Eo= | (Vatrata)? + (ba This Mebiiod ab wot acweyale ee colin” ee VolweTs hound ud alive mete thon ik Value Wendt nowmal vi tondiblon. Hence the value OEE rey obrorned i alwoy meri than that Hound Ore oetial rt. Thek & duly te ae p imuric rothod . A SORVA, MSV, soy star connected ableanaler Jos On ehedlon, vematmn® of 0.2 DY4d. Fuald ot ot 8 corse anne 9 OF uIsV on Optm ck Oma o& th Of IBSA ONnS-C- Coleuloat the i Syitebrro ov Crapreotinnd =) synehronons creo tone and fk woad vi cteg’. at one ph agg uty and. Bly thy fl dood vi req, ak.o.% PF Loding, > Xs = ya 2s, “I 2yS . fuk Avad ve nop at Oe oF ag ang shang Full wok tb poe VA SS vph Toh wid ne # ef (6) C0.) goyw?= Bx 234-6 ¥Epk oe a gaeeh (eaae coe + 69 oxoit+( ga-'xo. 6) mS 80 29 Svs “hve rH 2 BG RIS OF4-b yO Mine Ww 308 234-6 SNe Fok = BASE OTE =52-ltA tad = 0-4! - S + ae Fo fivese 4 ToPa’) + Cv siab Tes) fod Zz 2 348 LOAF SAAFAOZ) oo, > 4(a3t-6 20.43 ~ SRIF KI-2GS) = 829-42. foo nae aoe BE sy Tove veg = S aang = -Ysty 2 * Ay uao¢ sree Sb¥l ay) MME ov Appave hu fllioa Ths pod a Comore te, Onrg mullod, indeed of, Undverg’! the | phovnr paaibion ah Vamos VEE Awop for emp, AME Phaser addition otrmt Maudie for thet dnep are CWMd pub Fucthin, the 2ppeck OF Satur ab alba trim COM. % Aimee the, rant sth ‘co mepanc'4s “eitit \metkiod We: supe sree, B gore. mate Soe eens Test dain required The Set of text dota, bokta for | Oh walled ase alve, appdicable for num} nubhor | oce : a sel é } 3 RO eae For aniny Bypnch oye gusxodeor a Teguines mm whi de produtt of fila ob and dbo of Hla, wag’ pov we sepont purpose. \ te mt ROME an ran neCemaYy fo Tndunce rolid, tourural. vb on Oc: 2 Mans ham an mmf Sy mal @ opporite up thot of avmalawe ‘Teattton mm. anloshoNMe method + (AT) @EXN mmt w& required for, Roted teaminal vE on OC ® Armature veartion effect Tut data Noe tet Q2sc wh 8) Ro measuyoment Fae Fo — Sy (He) (Bo Tavar 2 Yeactance v Purely tndurtirre cht v . Fae Pelee nating effott va aa moth of He casts as’ ho. Of tums On Ye fild, 008g sa, nol knqun te mmg dy. ed ne fa rn required fo en duite the | vated terminal, Veh OGY ban be” obtained from Occ || veut and dunobed Via fo ido i "Gh Rook” tee, Ye twp’ iecesony | fe OV ertOne drop acres armature yews tinde and Leakoge Acactance and also to overcome effect of aemobure ‘yscikinige Tages 7 Buk dvop avross armatiave Youbtance and Leakage veactonae 43 ver small ancl Combe nequelad « THY din 8C ter, fiatd menf ckraudalts te full Load ck, balancing the armotiunt Acaction fect. vet The Value ef AT acquied to dh reulab full Lood | current Can be obkalned from SCC s and alenetid -ar Epo Drder se condition, oy Yemestanc anc Leakege Kane of amature donot play any signtticant AO, the aimatum action Acactance us dominating anc Ania tHe Pf of Suck Purely oncluchive okraud 42 Gero dogging Thevefore, Fag 4 dimogndiizns || | ie Ca wraltd and zepressed um terre of fild cuwent| | od i in| é TE the altemmator Ls eepply tag fue Load, thy | the tofal fila mut 4 He Vveeloy Sand Of Py | fo conspournste fo and Fog.” Thus chp Unda om the pt OF the load what), | atuninatest ub surnigng aaa He Yen taul-talg monf 1s dtnetd ad, FR, - v tek ts conudey dhe ee PE and the veultant Fe.) ad 999 a Hy, arm. reackon ~ image ag a : “ttech . SMO ASY TORING “ha OB.= Foon . Folt Fae bans Totet, dita mend & grab Ranke, f — we ea s taro trading pfs Prmatu phion, L4feck ts mete teases l Onaty “pps Vy vee fharemltant Fe ds ‘ee “algebraic oe a ‘the too componints Fo and FPR. Fol mmf vw not out required to produce Yala taminal vb but alio fo 0 = ee ‘we, sain magne Hone, the net hbtd mmf required Hat vequind to thduce valad VEN As povt of éb function ud magnetioing armahux, docion compel Hert , FR & tse theme Fo, Peynattive yeackon ub Cr mag rctizg a ard tts effect & to At matin fue. Fo me Fre are at vig to uch othey “and the Yeruttant mmf sum et Fo and frp. & evant) coma) 0B" = oc Bet PE OT rH autte a iy : Ear Fe F) Jape AD: y : . iP > Vek Epp sind Bo = Fag cosh On =Fo aes fe BO . Pup | Si (Re Feed) ah OB 2 oct ecm Vsurg Comin the to DORR; 2 5 a Fes tt Kage -vhoFae @sCho Fag) ds Eph-VA xXtoo Sond yet x sl Vek Cea | defosldor3 a Pog thd laten Fe cn be a bivunad Por any pd wood condition onte’ Fa to Known, obtaun, corresponding vices ef, Vo Hagen whack, us tnducd emp Ew requived to gek volid terminal vonage vik This ks posstble from ore drawn. Onn Eph & known, ther Yequlokion Con be obtained ao meg tati = Eph vel X10, yeh Wl te. ontat eae | Bay To. obtain EPK. comespondiag to Fr, Occ mud be ClWaLOn to the scale from the OCe OMe ¥ puta danas, ; This AT ‘ikto- method, gives tne Argulitiion Brak LED tik enheth Be Let SBIR that | “achuily baad, ; Meneiy s raelpad, Wo. “coat Gpeemid mrethool ashe Whin the armature vers tant a pogleetia, pron Fo Ls the ferld mmf reaus red to produce voted Vp ok the, ofp. tetminale But bf the eff eckive aunature armitance Raph! de Fatim, eowo-ke ide te be calculated | | Re 08 such tral fo rep resents the | | from Ate produce sctitodion ov fied cubiaent Aequik a Voltage of Veh + Toyh Ra Cosd- Te an alterinatdy a fold Cuvroutof ino, guns rated voltage on no toot Onde Ta se tot, a fla curved F 40A causes . U toad qusourt forgo Ahrougk the ect mals the fale ourrrent. fe nal voltage when the full, boa bata, the ful | wnat | gatapudh rabid sent altusnatol as dabivering Sl4 7 ak Ont PF 7 ; oa ees + eb_ a: Cosh 2024.5 oSiNh HOF PG, bef* perf aos 1S Fag) A 03 6G coh a Fore = Ads Pra (Fo- Fre sind) (Ene cnet 2 = ae 300 0. 42s $C 80x 0-99 etsto.8 + 189 2 9 )mp = Ma 74 LUN Y, A A 2.2K, 84 Y conneclid alternator ge folleuring tesk vesuths alts 0c and Se tok y open Circucl- Vettoge(tn KD 0.6¢ 1.6 a.ao BeTET 2-8 0.908 04s NIF THAe bbs] Short coronal, $00. 0 = = i ao _aurmont Cth A) ° to Bo 80, HO 8 Vi = VAVa Fe) a gosdive bend 2 2 | The Ohpectuve “rerisbante’, of 34° eetndang tb 0.221 fey phos Estimale the full load Voltage veulabon | vako.s PE Lagging - we! |* | Dermot method |} “ity pr niethiod eo! Dent — rmathod, , Vpr= &. a2ky Va = 1 aykev 6.) HVA etixto? | Bx bap | Tull wed = = 898.16 \ C a eyo VAX D: mah +f aaxtox0-b + tensa = | Gots + 68:51) ( ~yntbob-a9 (> Eo = 179.86 uu load — EI ph - Veh othe —_—__ — ct Vek ( pedo BA B29 - = THD. -C that) \ |, c Ve) oa Ve Wat te cb mio 8 SHOAY oe eset le : Vi[va bry - 4 ‘ _0 Vu cypher A Soot Kephe= AAD, ve 493 6 Tap (FO aa Esk motion of Leakage neactante: 1. Phet occ on quaph Shab Ss 0d oh Plot the ekettalion -Corvespondang to Rove voy hetavdlnak vo Hoge . Be (9, thls potat & A as thouon tht figure, om ioe was Anotter pointe tyocthe wold VE Wher elk erncloy us acliveung fall lood curvent ak seme p.£ lagging. This inte P. ; ; mo PF aggng P a Shown wm Figure: 4 Drow tangent to pce through Oni gin. U hich vis dine OB calud aly Une From posit GQ avon the Une :parollel 7 fri tke whith Ertesech Oce ak pout R. ad Yew RQ and PR- The tangle POR us cabled potter Hegre From pout R dvop a +7 om PQ vo ae | ot pont S. The seve pF fude Apad saturahion cum i | how, constructed 4 eee Ade PRR = R Auman alone on OCC. ot mine be pelt trok the peti, ‘oe Onn oblate uta constant for A guiten arrears Bir yenk Bd peucse tanh DAUM EMD. Q, ae is, dea SPRAY Rs urs athe vi aero p due tg aymetuye 2eakage eae fe. Pye ST The. Auagth Rok re “Fadia Chante < pucedsany, to) OV-tAcDIne demo gslinuss’ “affect oy arimiaune eacbian, at, full lod ‘the duagth $e. Acpesouts gita Anke Yequiecd to Unoutce. aun nef tor balancing doakage Yeartance Avop Re, Wow), Armoliare ‘benkoge Acartance bab be -obtatned a+ : hunt (@9) = Tak (Fey & Repl i : apelation: Dsgpue das Meph = ° Lcd oe FoF The Aeakag. ae Seporeled , qe potér venclante. Alay may y a Use of potiey * — jo datemure Draw vot stovmaine, ve i Wa voperence phasor, Depencung upoh ab iwhich pf Cosd The een ae “ho, be Predicted. . : Draw the ch phoror, Taph dogging dooding Ver by |e. Dad Tap Pagh vb dvop whin 4s pe pha with Taph, wohilt the vt. vor Tem Liph ule draigte, Lv ty, TyrhRaph\ The orrmatuve ronnbamce, Raph & do be Itasuried, Asp ovettly by P asadng Oe ada) anol meouuting ve aLvoAt! caroline cotnding. Seas Wray WL Yigh vo bt ated wy pobre Al hin phasor sum of Vph T pk Raph Ond Tye Moph guns the emt wohich te Pip) Obtain the 2ucttabion tovvespending bo | El ph from 0C@ drawn. Lot Hele ex uttabion be Fo, This de the zuettation sug wird to Enoluce Biuk obi does rok comsidor te > tffeak of domadace, veadion. The fila current required octp. balance armature reach Con be Obtalnrd From | j potty Ake wohich ig Soy Fre * FAR = Rouge of PS- the forok tu itation EN ig! tHe “vedo! sim OL ancl Eee his Can be plone tact ow llan & fe “produ f wae br Deep weklnod . jorm2. z Aodung Vipk by 4 Inaa Foe to Fo by drawing, veilov fa phase ‘opposition. to Tph > The total witabsn © be Stepplurd, ° by Yee della wa gum by Fe Ohee the Bete wexittation us Knoun | Loki 4s FR, Ae Cores ponding Cpetuiad Buf Eph an hw obtained fom Bec dt ww eh Q Eph lags FR by I, Pie Laight ‘Cl veprestr’ | dine to Armatiane yuochion the VE avop, » “be from Dano B en curren ec | | Deol | Ye Meeting: ak: paws. G ana H | er OHC, be Oe ae Ona, Eph ud Known He Aagadodcon, 04 an | pubtrnain tan be preditla Qn, 4 ke uw "ke eg = EPR — ula xtoo ma wt | this rnethod ie Unto cpbrPaiatininihe | | Cenenatuve YORE andl, Leo kao Yeactance Vbdrop as Met qnourtleg anol eet of | armature weacton A mbt quantity (| STR ote the veal prence He 1 emults Ovtatined Wy this method ae neaver to yea bog EES SEEE EES Even eee eee lise owly avowbark OF This’ method 250° Aeparat. ee for Orne Load, Condilion, vo hetexsany to plat Up oporly Ade by Vaxrous dood conditions ane required. | 0 1A toads Wey, 3h say connect alternate, hos On AiRecina rovstanty, of popes Phour. ap THrOCe and Bee ggg. carnal fuit Yoo ceivredd ane Gye & “balots. Preduktrmmin HONE « sroqulnln: Fae uu toed writen ak oe phe taggers Py. ) Gap Kale | STR net ectron Oi) pf mettoa é UIA Cunt gg = As | te ncn lg TAN GB op clad Bar ley . | Cunkv) , Ve fv ze 6 Pie SS MOS (206 : CoSey : a | SE Oe BE Bite. te oe 73.3 hol Way's &bb St, Vo (O-6th eg B08 TH | rh = ve Va & VE = teiev , i Ve= 11xt0® Vph —ttxwe eb. atv we i LOS kvA L = yoo" FL yup 5 58.44 A? vs ~ i Emp muthod, he o> singly Uae sce[ trough igi @ pe Y= aong Tfr= Sante E\ = Veh +a Ra cop = bh ob 82 = “hi uA Thr = QOA= FRR fey 1 Fesctet 2 66010 2 Fo a}s00V | drm ace OE Ag 6 be 0 og “gasp .as$ | = te.0qs- ALPS) — Paha 1 pr coue 7a RaSs cvph Sing 4 Tur)” 0 2 * eral = (o.ssuiox 0.8 46849 2) 1 aor + [borxe® 0.b+ (G24) (2048)] ah = (sees 104.9) 4( Sar0 tl OSS) €) = Ways Th. SbA = Fo Th. Fore Bien > leps) spt WwW neneststte BatellNo: ed » ; nooo. : FR ee rae? eel pe — 0 " Ca 100.0: ia : Bealtoy oc ee - WR 3 van Oy pait » paral operat : Nectsrihy some casts, * juss Ov wtove aueerra lors have +o be opévab ad tn Wak - Suche situation anists, D2 1) urhtn othe “hood calles on the “alternalay tne enste , boyond, He Cay ae existing euterrador, “ 2 The demand. Of move pomen canbe mol ‘by veplating the LUsdTNgG oultinalor ro a nus ore oF gv eain ‘capacty er, Prarautng ‘additional qubtrnalor and ie ‘| making thew fo shave tRe’ load | Ti) The cork of ackcling ard ‘operating a no atkemnatoy tn Ue withthe existing Ove a cheaper thar repdacing fhe guisdting wlevinakoy vy % Kew Ove oF Larger “capatiy. oy Oo Af the sincwuct of, poweny 23 pe 4a Greatly thanthe powcr wolth whi one colepun alloy “Cambie buidt vow Ava or more abkeAnators Tngtedo ones “operat ttle @> Atheanadans ave sana tonatrucked, to oprraky ak vmaxinuun eppiclonty adbuny all Aood Therefore Af & vlrge darga Cap actly attrrnalrs. oon ye marek Fhe ertise ead, 2, wih daod ho tnopptélent opuration aysting pare ‘dona pete ® > wher move alkanabos ae operatia On. Wal wy vequind no. of “atreanalitn need.t0 be pk inpsewiw, Yo" ire f 2pytrdorct “opsnation wo Ws others aie’ «oLOwn: Sn ta ‘ © obtnbt iy BS To crave vawkolst ‘ae + ye, his ‘ nécesiay yo ctmstall a sue Al Lonatou woth a capacity of largest alt analy | oparabing hw the plant. Hence, the, capaty andthe Cost of He Spare atteator will be tow th. two. oy more atketnaton ave ‘ vopecaa tw \a- DAE. c Sy nch somtaeng ie St ts ihe proces of Conneching pitrrator 42 al fe ees a ao | ae an ekisding operating alternator. or uth. Common oupply bus, hob bev | thy ce Conditions to be Sati stra, before : Synchrontiing die aaditionalalbernater with the eKALING “pne OF the Common: bus pens an _ @ » mie ee . 2 The net ve Hage Ceognitude) of fre COrMmng Aten abor must be * made equal to 2 He auisting atternaloy.Ov tre bus patie bar Voltage magnactude: _ BS the frequonsy of The Enconung atapnadting YO tage mut be Same at the | pus par velage- D4 The phase sequence Of {rooming | | aukernator volrage pus be st mtlar to Le the bus bar voltage « The above conditions cantar accubid by Uatiing a Vo Heater, synehvoweng fowmay OF Yrchroscope - The uae of volrmaliy will satay the @ Condition. Same Wltrrctre £3 sued for meamvung with the voltomes. By wsing

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