A.

Personal Identification
= a system of recognizing and identifying a particular person based on his/her characteristics as
differentiate from others.
1. A system of identification which was used earlier than the fingerprint system, made by
measuring various bony structure of human body. Developed by Alphonse Bertillon.
a. Portrait Parle c. Tattoo
b. Anthropometry d. Photography
Note: Portrait Parle, Tattoo and photography did not served the purpse of identification using
bone measurement.
2. Is the distance of recognition in broad daylight of a person who is almost a stranger.
a. 100 yards c. 16-17 yards
b. 25 yards d. 10-13 yards
100 yards = never seen even once
16 – 17 yards = moonlight
10 -13 yards = starlight.
3. Is the basic principle involve in personal Identification which states that the greater the
number of similarity or difference the greater the probability for the identity or non identity to be
conclusive.
a. Law of individuality c. Law of infallibility
b. Law of multiplicity of evidence d. Law of constancy
a, c, and d are principles of fingerprint identification.
4. Which of the following personal Identification is not easy to change?
a. Hair b. Dress c. Speech d. personal pharapernalia
5. Considered to be one of the most infallible means of Identification.
a. DNA fingerprinting c. Dactyloscopy
b. Fingerprint Identification d. Photography
DNA fingerprinting = the most indispensable science.
6. Identification of person can be done either by Comparison or by____?
a. Exclusion b. Experimentation c. Examination d. Inclusion
7. A system of Identification best used in case of burned body.
a. Fingerprint c. Skeletal Identification
b. Odontology d. Photography
DNA Fingerprinting
Forensic Odontology= dental identification
Forensic Anthropology = skeletal identification
8. The first conviction in the Philippine Case which gives recognition to the science of
fingerprint?
a. People Vs. Medina (10 points) c. People Vs. Jennings
b. Miranda Vs. Arizona d. West Case
People vs. Jennings (U.S. case) (14 points)
West case = defeats the Anthropometry System
9. Known as the Father of Modern Fingerprint, whose system of classification was spread in
almost all English speaking country.
a. Juan Vucitich c. Sir Edward Richard Henry
b. Francis Galton d. William Herschel
Juan Vucetich = his system of classification was accepted by Spanish Speaking
Countries.
Francis Galton = undertook the first definitive study and classification of F.P., statistical
study to prove uniqueness of F.P. and wrote the book “Finger Prints”.
William Herschel = first application of F.P. for identification and developed Chiroscopy.
10. Is the person who discover the two main layer of the friction skin (Epidermis and Dermis)
and to whom one of the thin layer of the friction skin was named.
a. Herman Welcker c. Marcelo Malpighe
b. Nehemiah Grew d. Dr. Henry Faulds
Herman Welcker = proved the principle of permanency by printing is palm twice with a
lapse of 41 yrs.
Nehemiah Grew = the first to wrote a treaty on the study of ridges and sweat pores
Dr. Henry Faulds = a surgeon who gives value to latent prints.
11. Anew Mexico Geologist who adopted the first individual use of fingerprints in August 8,
1882, by using his own thumb mark as a protection to prevent tampering with the pay order he
issued.
a. Sgt John Kenneth Ferrier b. Capt James Parke
c. Gilbert Thompson d. Dr. Henry P. De Forest
Dr. Henry P. De Forest =Utilized the first Municipal Civil use of fingerprint for Criminal
Registration.
Capt. James L. Parke = Advocate the first state and penal use of fingerprint adopted in
SingSing prison
Sgt. John Kenneth Ferrier = First fingerprint instructor at St. Louis Police Dept. Missouri.
12. Is the person known for being the U.S. public enemy number one, who attempt to destroy
his friction by applying a corrosive acid.
a. Robert James Pitts b. John Dillenger c. Roscoe Pitts d. John
Augustus
Robert James Pitts = used surgery to destroy his friction ridges. Known as the Man without
fingerprint. Also known by the name Roscoe Pitts.
13. Is the scientific study of the prints of the soles of the feet?
a. Poroscopy b. Chiroscopy c. Podoscopy d.
Dactyloscopy
Chiroscopy –( Greek word “ Cheir” – a hand, “Skopien”–to examine) study of the prints of the
palms of the hand.
Podoscopy – ( Greek word “Podo” – the foot, and Skopien – to the study of the footprints.
Poroscopy–(Greek word “poros”–a pare,and “Skopien”–to examine) study of the arrangement of
the sweat pores.
14. Is the science of fingerprint identification
a. dactyloscopy c. dactylomancy
b. dactylography d. dactylo-analysis
Dactyloscopy – (derived from the Latin words Dactyl = finger and Skopien – to study or
examine) is the practical application of the science of fingerprints.
Dactylography – is the scientific study of fingerprint as a means of identification.
Dactylomancy – is the scientific study of fingerprint for purposes of personality
interpretation.
15. The word finger was derived from what Latin word?
a. dermis b. dactyl c. digitus d. Skopien
Dactyloscopy =derived from Latin word “dactyl” and “skopien”
Polydactyl = born with more than the regular number of fingers.
Macrodactyl = enlarged finger.
Microdactyl = reduced/small finger.
Ectodactyl = missing finger at birth.
Syndactyl = side fussion of the finger.
16. The principle in fingerprint study that states that fingerprint cannot be forged. Fingerprint is
a reliable and a positive means of identification.
 a. principle of infallibility b. principle of permanency c. principle of
individuality
Dogmatic Principles of F.P. Identification
1. Individuality = based on Statistical probability that no two persons have the same fingerprint.
(1:64,000,000,000 – Francis Galton).
2. Infallibility = reliable, positive, not easy to be forged.
3. Permanency/Constancy = F.P. is unchangeable. (Herman Welcker)
17. What is the main layer of the epidermis, which covers the surface on which ridges are
visible?
a. dermis c. stratum corneoum
b. stratum mucusom d. sanguinal stratum
Epidermis =outer layer
Dermis =inner layer
Epidermis is divided into: stratum corneum and stratum mucosum
18. Friction skin (Epidermal skin/ Papillary skin) may be damage permanently when which of
its layer was damage?
a. dermis b. epidermis c. dermal papillae d. generating layer
19. How deep is the cut in order to produced permanent scar?
a. more than 1 cm b. more than 1mm c. 1 m d. 1dm
20. Is that appears as tiny black line with white dots (called pores) in an inked finger
impression?
a. sweat pores b. ridges c. furrows d. sweat duct
21. What are the depressed portions or canal structure of the friction skin (found between
ridges).
a. pores b. furrows c. indentions d. duct
Component parts of Friction skin
1. Ridge Surface
a. Ridges = elevated portion/hill like/black-lines.
b. Furrows = depressed portion/canal-like/ white space.
2. Sweat Pores= tiny/small openings/ tiny white dots.
3. Sweat Duct = passage way of sweat.
4. Sweat Glands= the producer of sweat.
22. How many standard fingerprint patterns are there? (types)
a. three b. two c. eight d. nine
Galton-Henry System

23. What pattern type has the ridges that enter on one side of the pattern and flow to the other
side with a rise in the center?
a. loop c. tented arch
b. plain arch d. exceptional arch
Arch (5%) = Two types (2): plain (A) and tented arch (T) --- (a) uptrust, (b) angle, and (c)
Incomplete loop type.
= no ridge count.
Loop (60%)= Two types :radial and ulnar loop.
 = core, dellta, a sufficient recurve, at least 1 ridge count.
Whorl (35%)= Four types (4) plain whorl (W), central pocket loop whorl (C), double loop whorl
(D) and accidental whorl (X).
= two or more deltas and at least one circuiting ridge.
24. What type of a pattern possesses an angle, an uptrust, or two of the three basic
characteristics of the loop?
a. Plain arch c. central pocket loop
b. tented arch d. accidental whorl
25. In order for a pattern to be considered as loop it should have _______ridge count.
a. 1 b. at least 1 c. 2 d. 3
26. What type of a pattern has two deltas in which at least one ridges makes a turn through one
complete circuit?
a. arch b. accidental whorl c. loop d. whorl
27. What is the type of a pattern in which the looping or slanting ridges flows towards the little
finger?
a. loop b. radial loop
c. ulnar loop d. tented arch
Radial loop (radius bone) = towards the thumb.
Ulnar loop (ulna bone) = towards the little finger.
28. The diagonal sign / means ________.
a. right hand ulnar c. left hand radial
b. left hand ulnar d. none
29. What type of a pattern consisting of two ore more deltas, one or more ridge forming a
complete circuitry and when an imaginary line is drawn from left delta to right delta it touches or
cross the circuiting ridge/s considered as the most common type of whorl.
a. plain whorl c. central pocket loop whorl
b. double loop whorl d. accidental whorl
Plain Whorl = lines from left to right delta cross/touch at least one circuiting ridge.
Central pocket loop whorl = lines from left to right delta does not cross/touch at least one
circuiting ridge.
Double loop whorl = two separate loop/shoulders.
Accidental whorl = combination of two patterns, except with plain arch.
30. In an accidental whorl type of pattern, what pattern is not included in the combination?
a. ulnar loop b. plain whorl c. tented arch d. plain arch
31. The core and delta are also termed as _____?
a. inner terminus c. outer terminus
b. focal point d. pattern area
Fingerprint Terminus/Focal Points
Core – inner terminus
Delta – outer terminus
32. Is a point along a ridge formation, which is found in front or near the center of the diverging
typelines.
a. core c. island ridge
b. delta d. convergence
33. What is the rule where there are two or more possible bifurcation deltas which conform to
the definition of delta?
a. the one nearest the core should be chosen
b. the one away from the core should be counted
c. the one which does not open towards the core is counted
d. the one towards the core should be counted
34. When a ridge bifurcates, sending two ridges across the imaginary line, how is it counted?
 a. one b. two c. three d. Six
35. What is that spreading of two ridges that previously running side by side?
a. bifurcation c. convergence
b. divergence d. enclosure
36. What kind of a ridge resembles a dot, fragment or a period?
a. lake c. ending ridge
b. island ridge d. incipient ridge
 Basic types of ridges: ridge dot, ending ridge, bifurcation and short ridge.
 Convergence = two separate ridges that meets at certain point. (meeting of two
separate ridges).
 Divergence = two ridges that spreads apart. (Spreading of two separate ridges)
 Bifurcation = single ridge that splits into two or more forming a Y-shape.
 Enclosure = a single ridge that splits into two ridges and meets to form the original
ridge.
37. What ridge divides itself into or more branches that meets to form the original figure?
a. bifurcation c. island ridge
b. lake ridge d. convergence
38. What type of a ridge is that which curves back to the direction from which it started.
a. diverging ridge c. recurving ridge
b. converging ridge d. bifurcation
39. Is a point along the recurving ridge in which the ridge curves inward.
a. sufficient recurve c. appendage
b. obstruction ridge d. shoulder of loop
40. Is a short horizontal ridge found inside a recurving ridge which has spoiled the inner line of
flow from the inner delta to the center of the pattern. This is also found in the second type of
central pocket loop.
a. bar c. uptrust
b. appendage d. obstruction
 Appendage – is a short ridge found at the top or summit of a recurve.
 Rod or Bar – is a short of long ridge found inside the recurve and directed towards the
core or parallel to the recurve.
 Uptrust = a horizontal ridge that makes a sufficient rise at the center.
41. Is the type of pattern in which the course is traced the line flow below the right delta and
there are three intervening ridge.
a. meeting whorl c. outer whorl
b. inner whorl d. central pocket loop whorl
Meeting whorl = there are two or less intervening ridge/s.
Inner whorl = with three (3) intervening ridge and the tracing flows above/inside the right delta.
42. A ridge that is so thin or fine compare to other regular ridge which is not included as a ridge
count even if it has been cross by the imaginary line.
a. ending ridge c. incipient ridge
b. intervening ridge d. enclosure
43. What is that ridge that divides into two ridges and which resembles a fork structure
a. divergence c. convergence
b. bifurcation d. enclosure
44. Ridge forms in the person’s fingers and feet during its infants stage which usually starts:
a. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life
b. 4th to 5th months of the fetus life
c. 5th to 6th months of the fetus life
d. 5th to 6th months before birth
3rd to 4th months of the fetus life or 5th to 6ht months before birth.
Epidermis = temporary destruction
Dermis = permanent destruction
cut of more than 1mm = permanent scar.
 45. Is the process of counting the ridges which intervene between the delta and core of a
loop?
 a. ridge tracing c. ridge counting
 b. ridge tracking d. ridge summing
 Ridge tracing = between tracing ridge and right delta.
 Intervening ridge = ridges between tracing ridge and right delta.
 Ridge count = ridges between delta and core.
46. What fingers are rolled towards the body in taking a rolled impression?
a. both little finger c. both thumb finger
b. all finger except thumb d. both index finger
Types of fingerprint impression on the FP Card
 Rolled impression = taken individually by rolling the finger from the tip to the end of the
first joint. Used for classification purposes.
 Plain Impression = taken simultaneously by simply pressing the ten fingers. It serves as
guide or reference in checking the rolled impression.

47. Is an instrument used for the spreading of the fingerprint ink to the slab?
a. Fingerprint brush c. Fingerprint lifting tapes
b. Fingerprint roller d. fingerprint card
Fingerprint card =where F.P. is recorded (8”X8”)
Ink slab = metal/glass plate where ink is spread.
48. Is the process of placing the letter symbols under each pattern as the results of the
interpretation of all ten fingers.
a. classification formula
b. reference classification (additional classification formula)
c. blocking out
d. fingerprint identification
49. Is the symbol used to represent a plain arch.
a. T b. A c. P d. W
50. Is the division in the classification formula which is always represented by numerical value
depending upon a whorl pattern appearing in each finger.
a. primary b. key c. final d. Major
Primary div. = derived from the sum of the numerator and denominator plus the pre-established
fraction of 1/1.
51. In assigning a number value to whorl pattern, what finger should be given a value of 4 when
a whorl pattern appears therein:
a. left little finger and right thumb
b. right thumb and left little finger
c. right little finger and left thumb
d. left thumb and right
52. If all the fingers in the right hand are whorls and all the fingers of the left hand are loops,
what will be the primary division?
 a. 25/29 b. 29/25 c. 24/28 d. 28/24
 P = 1/1 + the sum of N/D = 25/29
 2 4 6 8 10 (fingers)
 16 8 0 0 0 = 24
 16 8 4 0 0= 28
 1 3 5 7 9 (fingers)
53. What patterns are included in the secondary division in deriving the small letter category.
a. ulnar loop, plain arch and tented arch
b. radial loop, ulnar and arch
c. radial, plain arch and tented arch
d. radial, ulnar, plain arch
Secondary div. = combination of Capital Letters (index fingers) and small letters (from T, M, R,
and L fingers = r,a,t).

 54. What would be the secondary divisions if all the right hand fingers are radial loops
while all the left hand fingers are tented arches.
 a. 3Rr b. rR3r c. R3r d. R4r
 3Tt tT3t T3t T4t
 Secondary div. = combination of Capital Letters (index fingers) and small letters (from
T, M, R, and L fingers = r,a,t).
55. What is the interpretation for a ridge count on the left index that reaches 8.
a. exceptional c. radial loop
b. inner loop d. outer loop
Sub-secondary = derived by ridge counting loop and ridge tracing whorl appearing in the Index,
Middle and Ring fingers.
Loops = Inner (I) or Outer (0)
Index (9), Middle (10), and Ring (13)
Whorls = Meeting (M), Inner (I), and Outer (O)
Arches = Dash (-)
56. In interpreting a loop pattern, what is the numerical value of S in the left hand?
a. 1 to 11 c. 1 to 17
b. 18 to 22 d. 12 to 16
57. In a loop pattern, when the number of the ridges on the left thumb is 17 or more, it
constitutes as:
a. exceptional c. isolation
b. alteration d. Conditional
Major Div. = derived from both thumb fingers.
Loops = R. C. = S, M, L
Whorls = R.T. = M,O,I Arches = Dash (-)
58. In ridge counting a plain whorl or central pocket loop whorl in the little finger it is derived by:
a. getting the ridge count of the top loop (double loop whorl)
b. treating it as ulnar loop
c. getting the least ridge count (accidental whorl)
d. getting the delta opposite each hand
59. What division in the classification formula is derived from both little finger and is place at the
extreme right of the classification formula.
a. key b. final c. major d. secondary
60. The key division is the division in the classification which is located at the extreme left of the
classification formula and it is taken by getting the ridge count of _______?
a. loop pattern c. first loop
b. first radial loop d. first whorl
Key div = derived from the ridge count of the First Loop, EXCEPT the little finger.
= If there were no loops, get the ridge count of the First Whorl.
= Only numerator.
61. In case of a missing digits or an amputated finger, what will be the classification of said
missing finger?
a. The same as the corresponding digit of the other hand
b. Plain whorl with meeting tracing
c. Mutilated finger
d. None
One finger is missing/amputated = interpreted as the same as the corresponding digit of the
other hand.
Both are amputated or missing = plain whorl with meeting tracing.
If all fingers are missing/amputated the formula:
FPC = M 32 W MMM
M 32 W MMM
62. Prints found at the scene of the crime.
a. suspected prints
b. molded prints
c. latent prints
d. prints made by contamination with colored
substance.
63. Prints which were left in the place accidentally or unconsciously?
a. chance prints c. fragmentary prints
b. smudge prints d. latent prints
Latent prints
1. visible (molded prints or made by contamination with colored substance)
2. Invisible = made from sweat.
64. What method of developing latent prints in paper is best to be used being easy to apply and
less destructive to the paper.
a. iodine fuming c. ninhydrin method
b. silver nitrate method d. dusting method
Dusting = traditional/simplest method of developing prints in the crime scene.
65. What kind of a filter should a photographer use to improve the contrast of a latent fingerprint
impression dusted with black powder on a green background?
a. yellow filter c. red filter
b. green filter d. blue filter
 66. What kind of a filter should a photographer use to improve the contrast of a latent
fingerprint impression dusted with gray powder on a yellow background?
a. yellow filter b. green filter
c. red filter d. violet filter
 Opposite Colors:
 Blue – Orange Green – Red Yellow – Violet
67. The identification of two impression can be established primarily through:
a. formation of different types of pattern
b. formation of the two terminus
c. unexplained similarity of ridges
d. similarity of ridge characteristics in their relative positions
(a and b are used for classification)
68. Is a card used in recording and preserving developed latent print?
a. Fingerprint lifting tapes
b. Evidence Identification tags
c. Fingerprint transfer card
d. Post-mortem fingerprint equipment
 69. In case of split thumb, which should be classified?
 a. get the smaller one
 B. get the outer one
 C. get the bigger one
  D. get the inner one
70. In case of wounded finger, how should fingerprint be taken?
a. Just take the subject fingerprint.
b. don’t print said finger and left the rolled impression box empty.
c. don’t print the finger and write in the box wounded
71. What modern method of developing print is best use when all conventional methods
becomes ineffective?
a. iodine fuming c. ninhydrin method
b. laser method d. dusting method
72. Prints made by blood, dust or dirt or other coloring substances:
a. visible prints c. invisible prints
b. chance prints d. fragmentary prints
73. In filing classified fingerprint card what should be the first attempt to be made:
a. primary numerator
b. secondary numerator
c. primary denominator
d. secondary denominator
74. What division of the classification formula is left blank if all fingers are amputated.
a. Mayor and key c. key and final
b. Key and primary d. final and major
75. Is the term applied to cases of missing or cut finger?
a. Mutilated finger c. Amputated finger
b. Fragmentary finger d. Deformities
76. What will be the primary Division if all fingers are missing or cut.
a. 1/1 c. 31/31
b. 32/32 d. 16/16
 77. Reagents commonly used in liquid method are the following, except:
 a. Silver nitrate c. victoria blue e. none
 b. Ninhydrin d. tetra methyl benzidine
78. The type of latent print which is made from blood, dust or dirt?
 a. Chance prints b. semi-visible
 c. Visible prints d. fragmentary
 79. Which is not a process of developing using the ninhydrin method?
a. immersion b. spraying
c. dusting d. brushing
 80. Once the latent print has been visualized, it must be preserved by:
 a. Developing the latent print
 b. Lifting the impression
 c. Photography
 d. Brushing it