ABSTRACTION

Good morning once again class, today Students will listen attentively to the
we will learn new lessons…are ready to discussion.
listen and learn all about Language
Skills? Yes Ma’am

Alright, Lets go!

Let's tackle first listening, so lend your

ears class.

But let me ask first what is listening skill?

anyone from the class who would like to
answer? Student raising a hand

You recognize Miss Sagrado

Its the ability to listen very well maam.
Excellect Miss Sagrado, thank you, let's
give a round of applause.

She is right because Listening skills -

are acquired abilities that enable a person
to listen without a great deal of deliberate
effort or conscious planning. Listening
class has a process and the process of
listening involves complex cognitive
operations including perception,
interpretation, and utilization, which are
significantly influenced by both linguistic
knowledge and prior contextual
understanding.

According Vandergrift and Goh (2012)

highlight that effective listening entails a
blend of six core skills: listening for
details, selective listening, global
understanding, discerning main ideas,
inference-making, and predictive
listening. They further identify twelve
critical listening strategies such as
planning, focusing, monitoring,
evaluating, and managing emotions
support these skills.

To effectively teach these skills and

strategies, two main pedagogical
methods are recommended. The first is
Task-Based Metacognitive Instruction,
which employs one-way and two-way
tasks to enhance both nonparticipatory
and interactive listening skills. The
second, Vandergrift's Metacognitive
Pedagogical Sequence (2004), involves a
structured five-stage approach—pre-
listening, first listen, second listen, third
listen, and post-listening evaluation—
where students engage in planning,
monitoring, problem-solving, and
evaluating their listening approach.

Now, let us discuss listening In academic

contexts, listening comprehension
extends to understanding lectures,
seminars, and digital media. According to
Flowerdo and Miller (2005), academic
listening not only relies on bottom-up and
top-down processing but also on an
interactive model integrating both
approaches. The pedagogical framework
for academic listening incorporates eight
dimensions: individualization, cross-
cultural understanding, social interaction,
emotional engagement, contextualization,
strategic listening, intertextual links, and
critical analysis.

So, an effective second language

listening instruction class should not only
focus on the accurate reproduction of
spoken text but should also foster the
cognitive and social strategies that
underpin a comprehensive understanding
and critical engagement with spoken
language.
Do you have any questions about
listening skills?

Writing skills

Let us now proceed to writing skills.

Before we go deeper with the process of

writing let me ask you…
Student answer in chorus
Class, what does it involve in writing a
new language?

Please don’t answer in chorus, okay Mr

babia you are recognize.
Ma’am it should be clear and consice
Very good, thank you Mr babia, yes class
indeed Writing in a new language involves
crafting clear, relevant, accurate, and
engaging texts, with significant emphasis
on linguistic accuracy, clarity of
presentation, and organization of ideas.
The process involves several key
components: understanding and
employing sound-spelling
correspondences, managing English
consonance and silent consonants, and
distinguishing between vowel sounds and
lengths.

Classroom applications for teaching

writing mechanics include matching
tasks, which aid in the quick recognition
and differentiation of English letters, and
writing tasks, where students practice
forming letters and ultimately progress to
writing sentences with correct
capitalization and punctuation. Advanced
writing tasks can range from practical
(e.g., making lists), school-oriented
(focused on academic tasks), and
emotive (such as personal journals and
letters).
Second Language (L2) Writing is
understood both from a cognitive
perspective—where writing ability and
language proficiency are intertwined—and
a sociocultural perspective, where writing
is a part of socially and culturally situated
literacy practices.

The pedagogical approach to L2 writing

also emphasizes the connection between
reading and writing, recognizing that
these skills support each other and are
often taught concurrently. Error
correction and the role of grammar in
writing are highlighted as crucial, though
challenging, components of the learning
process.

After we know the approaches on L2

writing class we can now proceed to
Lesson planning in L2 writing and it is
structured around several phases:
activation of prior knowledge, warm-up
activities, core lesson delivery involving
active instruction and participation,
closure, and follow-up or reflection. This
structured approach ensures that
students not only engage with the
material actively but also integrate
feedback through revision and editing
processes, thereby enhancing their
writing competency in the second
language

So, any clarifications regarding this topic? None Ma’am

If none let us proceed to the next skill
which is…

Grammar and Vocabulary Skills

In this part of lesson we’re going to delve

deep into the essentials of grammar and
vocabulary which are crucial for
mastering any language.
We all know grammar has Form, which is
the skeleton of our language use. This
covers everything from the physical
structure of words to the punctuation
marks we use to pause or stop. It’s
essential for clarity and coherence.

Moving to Grammar, we talk about the

rules that govern how words come
together. Whether it’s deciding the correct
tense or figuring out where a comma
goes, these rules help us construct
sentences that not only make sense but
also convey the intended meaning
accurately.

Lastly we have to use the grammar, so

use is about applying these rules in real-
world communication. It's one thing to
know grammatical rules, but another to
use them effectively in conversation or
writing. Here, we address the nuances
that differentiate spoken grammar from
written grammar. Spoken grammar often
allows for more flexibility and includes
informal elements like contractions and
colloquial phrases.

Class, how much do you know about the

Depth of Knowing a Word class?

When we talk about vocabulary, it’s not

just memorizing words. We should
emphasize the importance of deeply
understanding each word class which
involves several dimensions:

Meaning- What the word means in

different contexts.

Written and Spoken Form- How it’s

written and pronounced.

Grammatical Behavior - How it functions

within sentences.

Collocations - Which words it typically

pairs with.

Register - The formality of the word and

its appropriateness in different contexts.

Frequency- How often you’ll encounter or

need to use the word.

Each of these aspects enriches your

understanding and ability to use the word
accurately and confidently.

I know class you all are familiar to the

approaches in teaching grammar so we
wont tacle them anymore.

What are Strategies for Effectively Learn

grammar and vocabolary

We have intentional and incidental

learning methods. Intentional learning
involves direct study and practice, while
incidental learning happens as you
expose yourself to the language in
everyday situations.

Repetition and Spaced Repetition are

crucial strategies I use to ensure
vocabulary retention. Revisiting words at
spaced intervals embeds them more
deeply in your memory.

Class what are the textbook we can

utilize to improve our grammar and
vocabulary?

We will regularly use textbooks for

structured learning and dictionaries for
on-the-spot definitions and examples.
Both are invaluable tools that support our
grammar and vocabulary development.
So the aim of learning grammar and
vocabulary is for you to not only
understand the rules of grammar and the
depths of vocabulary but to use them
fluently and flexibly, adapting to various
contexts and demands of
communication. Let’s embark on this
journey with enthusiasm and
commitment to mastering these
fundamental aspects of the language.

Alright class do not be relaxed we are not

done yet, we are down 2 more language
skills

Do not sleep class, because this time our

lesson is all about viewing.

Viewing

Let us know what is viewing class

Viewing is essential for comprehending

and engaging with visual media such as
television, images, and films.
Understanding how to view actively, not
just passively, will enhance your critical
thinking, improve your communication
skills, and boost your digital literacy. Let's
break down what this actually involves.

Firstly, let's distinguish between two

types of viewers: passive and active
viewers. A passive viewer watches
content without questioning it or critically
thinking about the message being
conveyed. They absorb information as it
is, which can significantly influence their
perception and understanding directly.
However, as scholars and critical
thinkers, we aim to be active viewers.
This means engaging with the content by
analyzing, appreciating, and evaluating
what we watch. It’s not just about
understanding the 'what' of the content
but also the 'how' and 'why' behind it.

We can categorize the process of viewing

into three stages: Pre-viewing, During
Viewing, and After-Viewing.

First. Pre-viewing: This stage is all about

preparation. Before you even start
watching, anticipate what the content will
be about. Try predicting the plot or
message, speculate about possible
outcomes, ask questions about what
you’re going to watch, and most
importantly, set a purpose for viewing.
This could be to analyze the director’s
techniques, understand the narrative
structure, or examine the cultural context
of the content.

Next we have During Viewing: Here, you

need to be actively engaged. Don’t just
watch; observe. Reflect on the unfolding
content, analyze the visual and auditory
techniques being used, evaluate the
effectiveness of the message, and
consider creating a mental or physical
note of key observations or turning
points. This is where your analytical skills
are put to the test.

Lastly, After-Viewing: After the viewing

session, don’t just move on. Take time to
interpret and summarize what you
watched. Discuss it with peers or write
down your thoughts. Review the key
elements and analyze them deeper—what
worked, didn’t, and why? This stage helps
consolidate your understanding and
critique of the visual content.

Our goal through these activities is not

just to watch but to engage critically with
multimedia, enhancing our ability to
decode and create sophisticated
messages. These skills are not just
academic; they are essential in today’s
digital and media-saturated world.

By fostering these viewing skills, I hope to

enable you to not only consume media
more intelligently but also to produce and
critique media with a keen, informed eye.
Let’s get started with our first viewing
exercise."

Do you have any questions about viewing

skil? There is none Ma’am

Okay, great

We willnow then move forward on the

reading skill

So, on reading skill we particularly focus

on the encahning Language Skills
Through Second/Foreign Language
Literacy. Our discussion is influenced by
the methodologies suggested by Anne M.
Ediger, focusing on a comprehensive
approach to enhancing your literacy.

Let's start with the importance of

vocabulary expansion. Expanding your
vocabulary is more than just memorizing
new words; it's about understanding how
these words are used in different
contexts and incorporating them into your
everyday language use. This will be a
cornerstone of our learning, as a richer
vocabulary enables more effective
communication.

Next, we need to talk about

comprehension strategies. Reading isn't
just about recognizing words on a page;
it's about understanding the deeper
meaning of texts. We'll look into
strategies that help you identify main
ideas, deduce meanings from context,
and summarize what you've read. These
skills are essential for navigating more
complex texts as you advance.

Fluency is another critical area. Our goal

is not only to read accurately but also to
read smoothly and at a natural pace,
which greatly enhances comprehension.
We'll explore various techniques to build
your reading fluency, focusing on
understanding texts more quickly and
effortlessly.

Critical thinking cannot be overstated. It’s

vital that you not only understand what
you read but also critically evaluate the
ideas presented. This involves
questioning assumptions, analyzing
arguments, and reflecting on your own
responses to texts. These skills are
indispensable for academic success and
informed citizenship.

We'll also delve into cultural

understanding and literary appreciation.
Reading is a fantastic way to gain
insights into different cultures and
historical periods. Appreciating the
diversity of literary expressions and
narratives helps broaden your perspective
and deepen your understanding of the
world.

Lastly, encourage reading for pleasure.

It's one of the most enjoyable and
effective ways to enhance language
skills. By engaging with a variety of
genres and authors, you’ll naturally
improve your language abilities and
develop a lifelong love for reading.

Our focus on these areas will not only

boost your language skills but also
prepare you for effective communication
across various contexts. It’s about
equipping you with the tools you need for
both academic and personal growth. Let's
keep these goals in mind as we progress
through our reading sessions."

Speaking Skills

Now, we will discuss and going to delve

into the complex and dynamic skill of
speaking in a second language, which is a
crucial part of language acquisition,
especially at the beginning levels. Our
discussion will center on what makes
someone a competent speaker in a
second language, touching upon the
foundations and challenges of teaching
and learning this skill.

First, let's understand that speaking is an

intricate act. According to H.D. Brown, the
complexity of speaking is due to factors
like clustering, where we don’t just string
words together randomly but in
meaningful, often predictable groups.
This leads us into discussing the four
foundational aspects of competent
second language speaking: fluency,
accuracy, appropriacy, and authenticity.

Fluency versus Accuracy is a key debate

in second language acquisition. Fluency
involves operating the language system
quickly—it's about flow and ease of
speech. Accuracy, on the other hand, is
about conforming to the language system
—it focuses on using the right
grammatical structures and vocabulary.
Edge & Garton highlight that while both
are essential, there is often a trade-off
depending on whether our focus is more
on conveying a message (fluency) or on
correct language use (accuracy).

Appropriacy relates to the sociocultural

context of our speech. It’s not enough to
just be fluent and accurate; you need to
know when and how it’s appropriate to
say certain things. This involves
understanding and applying the social
rules and norms of the language, like how
to greet, thank, or disagree with someone
in culturally acceptable ways.

Lastly, Authenticity refers to how genuine

the language practice is. This can be
tricky to define as it varies by who the
users are, what the language is being
used for, and in which contexts.
Authenticity in language use might mean
different things for different learners,
depending on their goals and
environments.

Remember that becoming a competent

second language speaker isn’t just about
mastering grammar or building
vocabulary; it’s also about effectively
navigating social and cultural contexts.
This holistic approach will guide our
practice sessions and activities, aiming to
develop not just your ability to speak, but
to communicate meaningfully and
appropriately in real-life situations."

This discussion sets the stage for deeper

exploration and practice in second
language speaking, emphasizing not only
the linguistic aspects but also the critical
sociocultural competencies essential for
effective communication.

In conclusion, effective language

acquisition encompasses a
comprehensive mastery of multiple
interconnected skills. Listening and
speaking are crucial for oral
communication, with an emphasis on
understanding and producing language
that is not only fluent and accurate but
also appropriate within various
sociocultural contexts. Reading extends
beyond decoding text to include building
vocabulary, enhancing comprehension,
and fostering critical thinking, all while
exploring different cultural perspectives.
Viewing skills, critical in today’s digital
landscape, require active engagement to
interpret and analyze visual and
multimedia content. By integrating these
language skills—listening, speaking,
reading, and viewing—learners develop a
robust foundation for effective
communication and a deeper
understanding of the world, preparing
them for diverse academic, personal, and
professional environments.

And that concludes for our discussion for

today, do you have any questions about
the language skills class?