What is the Cost produced Water?

„ Cost of water
Water Production Control „ Lift Cost
„ Processing cost
„ Reduced Production
Costs
„ Disposal Cost
„ Environmental Costs
Water control to increase well productivity

1 2

Effect of Increased water Production Water Control Process

Determine Problem Type
„ Increase Hydrostatic in well
Diagnostic Plot
„ Relative Permeability Effect in Formation Nodal Analysis
„ Down hole Scale in formation and Tubules Log Analysis
„ Surface Water handling bottlenecks Reservoir Simulation
„ Surface and subsurface corrosion problems
„ Sand production Determine Solution Type
„ Additional Treatment Cost
„ Reduced Efficiency of oil Recovery Mechanical Methods
„ Earlier of Reservoir Maturity •Laterals Drainholes Fluid Shut-off
„ Reduced Profits •MPBT •Fluids
•Patchflex •Polymer System
„ Less Oil – Higher Cost – Shorter Life
•Casing / Tubing Patch •Inorganic Gel
•Straddle Packer •Equipment
•Scab Liner •Surface mixing
3 •Cement squeeze •Downhole tools 4

•Down hole Separator

1
 What are the Water Problem Types? What are the Water Control Methods?
Simple Complex Simple Complex
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mechanical

9. Gravity-
Fluids
1. Casing, tubing 5. Fractures / faults from 7. Coning
3. Moving OWC segregated layer
packer leaks injector to producer

Production Change

Completion Change
6. Fractures / faults
2. Channel behind casing 8. Poor areal 10. Watered-out layer
from a water layer
4. Watered-out layer sweep with crossflow
w/o crossflow 5 6

Water Problems - Easy Well Intervention

Control
1. Casing, tubing packer leaks:
Diagnosis tools WFL,PL,TPHL +MPBT 7. Coning or cusping/duning
2. Channel behind casing: high K & perfos near owc
Diagnosis tools T°,WFL,USI + Diagnosis tools RST +
C.T shutoff fluids (cement, resin or gel lateral drainhole away from owc (gel in
based) horizontal well)
3. Moving OWC: 8. Poor areal sweep
Diagnosis tools RST, PL + (permeability anisotropy):
MPBT, Patchflex / Casing Patch or Diagnosis tools RST + infill drilling
sidetrack 9. Gravity-segregated layer
4. Watered-out layer w/o crossflow: (thick reservoir high Kv) :
Diagnosis tools RST, PL + Diagnosis tools RST +
shutoff fluids (selective) or Patchflex lateral drainhole
5. Fractures / faults from injector 10. Watered-out layer with crossflow:
to producer: flowing gel deeply into ascertain reservoir crosssflow
injector Diagnosis tools(PLT) +
6. Fractures / faults froma water lateral drainhole in undrained layer
layer: flowing deeper penetrating gel 7 8

into fracture

2
Water Control Solutions Production Change
„ Production changes „ Production cycling
„ Recompletion „ Drawdown management
„ Chemical „ Rebalance producers
„ Mechanical shut off
„ Rebalance injectors
„ Convert producer(s) to injector(s)

9 10

Recompletion Fluids
„ Lateral drainhole, Sidetrack
„ Shut-off fluids
„ Infill drilling
„ Polymer gels
„ Velocity string
„ Inorganic gels
„ Downhole Oil Water Separation
„ Cement
„ Dual drain (Inverse coning, dual production)
„ Resin
„ Viscous flood
„ Bacterial systems
„ Selective fluids
„ Fluid placement

11 12

3
Polymer Gels MARCIT
„ “Flowing Gels” for Fractured or Fissured Reservoirs
„ Fluids to penetrate the formation „ Very Little Matrix Penetration

„ Rigid for near wellbore or flowing for use in

fissures „ Polyacrylamide Crosslinked with Chromium-III
„ Lower Polymer Loading (0.3-1.5% wt) of a High Mol.
„ Can optionally be foamed
Wt. (5-15M)
„ Typically use Polyacrylamide with crosslinker
„ In-situ polymerization can be used „ Applicable to 200 DegF (93 DegC)
„ Treatment Volumes 500-20,000 BBL
„ Should be considered permanent „ Treatment Rate 2-12 BPM

13 14

OrganoSEAL Relative Permeability Modifiers

„ Problem
Only applies
„ Shut-off fluids for high temperature use
in multi-layer
„ Fluid with the performance of MARA-SEAL and
wells.
MARCIT
„ Delayed crosslinking
Production
„ Fluids without Chrome or other metals
•Loss of mixed
water/oil
„ Answer
Oil and water Fluid
„ OrganoSEAL-R rigid gel using organic crosslinker Production
production placement
„ OrganoSEAL-F flowing gel using organic crosslinker

15 16

4
 Selective fluid Fluid placement

Only applies
in multi-layer
wells. „ Bullhead Injection
„ Low cost
Production
„ Effective with ‘selective’ fluids
•Produced oil
with good „ Not recommended for plugging fluids
water
„ Mechanical Isolation
Oil and water Fluid
Production
production placement „ Dual Fluid Injection

17 18

Mechanical Isolation Dual Injection

gelant „ Objective
„ Fluid placement without crossflow into oil zone

„ Answer
„ Pump protection fluid
„ Packer with pressures
„ Interface with tracers

19 20

5
Dual Injection Tools
Coiled Tubing with wireline
Interface method
Sensor Module:
GR, CCL, Dual Pressure, Temperature „ More effective if high flow channels
Back Pressure Valve Gamma tool

Inflate Orifice „ Dual gamma system

Mechanical Disconnect
„ Developed and ready to test Fluid Interface
„ Requires large enough annulus Gamma tool

Inflated Packer Element „ Resistivity array system

Tail pipe
„ Potential development
„ Need to demonstrate market first
Injection Valve
21 22

Annular Chemical Packer Mechanical shut off

„ Objective
„ Isolate a section of a horizontal well with slotted liner „ Casing patch
„ Answer
„ Chemical packer to seal annulus to allow treatment
„ set through tubing on wireline - PatchFlex
„ Permanent ACP for well isolation with packers or bridge plugs
Slotted Liner
„ set on workstring
Inflatable
Coiled Tubing
Packer
„ Bridge plug
„ set through tubing on wireline - Posiset
„ set through tubing on Coiled Tubing

Chemical Packer Open Hole „ mechanically set on workstring

„ Close sliding sleeves
„ Casing straddle with packers
23 „ Scab liner 24

6
Casing Patch PatchFlex

„ Objective
„ A through tubing method to shut-off zones
mechanically

„ Answer
„ Patch-Flex
„ Composite patch
Extract ISE
„ Run, inflated and cured on wireline Run-in Anchor
Progressive
inflation
Polymerisation Deflate ISE

25 26

PatchFlex Specifications PatchFlex Specifications

„ For 7” and 6 5/8” „ Temperature
„ Run-in diameters from 3.622” upwards
„ Burst ratings from 1,500psi to 8,000psi
„ Service temperature up to 130 C / 266 F
„ Collapse ratings from 400psi to 3,500psi „ Setting temperature up to 110 C / 230 F
„ Example final i.d. after PatchFlex set
„ 5.39” in 7”, 29 lb/ft ( 6.18” id) „ Maximum Length : 52ft / 16 meters
„ Energy required
„ For 51/2” , 5” and 41/2”
„ Run-in diameters from 3.189” upwards „ Lubricator
„ Burst ratings from 2,500psi to 8,000psi „ Production facilities
„ Collapse ratings from 900psi to 3,500psi
„ Example final i.d. after PatchFlex set „ Cross-flow during setting
„ 3.95” in 5 1/2”, 17 lb/ft ( 4.89” id)
27 „ up to 400 bbl/day 28

7
 Bridge Plug Posiset Bridge Plug
„ Run on wireline
„ Dump cement on top
„ Objective „ Positive anchoring top and
„ A through tubing bridge plug set on wireline bottom
„ One day simple operation
„ Accurate depth control
„ Answer
„ Non explosive deployment
„ Posiset MPBT
„ Deviated holes
„ Run and mechanically set on wireline
„ Open hole

29 30

RIGLESS WORKOVERS
Posiset Specifications 4-1/2"
Tubing MIDDLE EAST OFFSHORE WELL
MAX DEVIATION 40 Deg

2.75"
BHP - 3000 psi
nipple BHT - 200 F
BEFORE AFTER
Plug Size 4 1/2 - 5 5 1/2 7 7 5/8 9 5/8
WATER CUT 80% * 19%
OD 1 11/16 in.1 11/16 in.2 1/8 in. 2 1/8 in. 2 5/8 in Perfs
OIL RATE-BPD 0 2691
50 ft
Minimum Restriction 1.78 in. 1.78 in. 2.18 in. 2.18 in. 2.75 in. WATER RATE-BPD 0 633
* Last rate measured before the well died.
Maximum Temperature 340 F 300 F 340 F 275 F 275 F
Differential Pressure * 1000 psi. 500 psi. 1500 psi.1000 psi.500 psi. Cement Plug placed
Length( RIH ) 90 in. 130 in. 110 in. 126 in. 145 in. with Dump Bailer

The high water cut had killed this

4-1/2" well which had originally been
Liner completed as a high producer.
After the cement set, Nitrogen was
Perfs injected through coiled tubing to lift
the well.
31 32

TD 7400 FT

8
 Mechanical shut off
Fluid shutoff
Bridge plug
Casing patch
Sliding sleeves
Rigid gel, near wellbore Bypass packer
„ Case Histories a. Logging and shut-off Scab liner
b. Shut-off in high temperature, high perm
c. Liquid liner in short radius hole
Completion Changes
Lateral drainhole, Sidetrack
Flowing gel, fissures and faults
Infill drilling
d. Shut-off while drilling
Velocity string
e. Couldn’t pump it away
Downhole Oil Water Separation
Dual drain (Inverse coning, dual production)
Fluid cement, channels and Gravel Pack
Channel behind pipe
Production Changes
Production cycling
Drawdown management
Rebalance producers
Rebalance injectors
33
Convert producer(s) to injector(s) 34