GRADE 9

SECOND TERM CLASS

NOTE
2023/2024 ACADEMIC SESSION

Mr. Ekeh Williams C.

 LAGOS STATE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION:
UNIFIED SCHEMES OF WORK FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL.

WEEK TOPIC SUB-TOPICS

I. Meaning of Family Traits
II. Genetics
III. Heredity

1 FAMILY TRAITS IV. Examples of Family Traits

V. Variation.
VI. Meaning of Dominant and Recessive Traits
VII. Importance of Family Traits.
I. The menstrual cycle.
II. Fertilization.
2–3 RADIOACTIVITY III. Conception.
IV. foetal development.
I. Electrical energy
II. electricity
III. Flow of electrons
IV. Components of an Electric Circuit and
ELECTROSTATICS AND
4
ELECTRIC CURRENTS their Functions
V. Circuit series and parallel
VI. Fuses and circuit breakers
VII. Electrical power.
I. meaning of renewable and non-renewable
energy
II. Examples of renewable and non-
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND NON-
5
RENEWABLE ENERGY renewable energy
III. The differences between renewable and
non-renewable energy.

I. meaning of momentum
6 MOMENTUM
II. Law of conservation of linear momentum
 III. Difference between elastic and inelastic
collision

MID TERM BREAK AND TEST & OPEN DAY

7
TEST/OPEN DAY

i. Drug
ii. Modes of drug abuse
iii. drug misuse and drug addiction
iv. the sources of drugs and commonly
8 DRUGS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
abused substances.
v. Effects of drug abuse
vi. Prevention of drug abuse
vii. Drug control agencies.
i. Atomic structure, and atomic number.
ii. Valency
iii. Bonding
CHEMICAL BONDING
9 – 10
iv. Covalent Bond
v. Ionic Bond
vi. Chemical formulae.
i. principle of moments
ii. pressure
MOMENTS, PRESSURE AND iii. pressures in gases and liquids
11
DENSITY
iv. Density
v. The densities of solids, liquids and gases.

12 REVISION AND EXAMINATION -

BASIC SCIENCE Week 1

Topic: REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS

Sub Topics: • Meaning of Family Traits
• Genetics
• Heredity
• Examples of Family Traits
• Variation.
• Meaning of Dominant and Recessive Traits
• Importance of Family Traits.
Learning objectives: At the end of the lesson, the You should be able to:
i. Understand the Meaning of Genetics, Heredity, and Variation.
ii. Explain the meaning Dominant and Recessive Traits.
Key Words: Family, Gene, Variation, Traits.
Instructional
a picture showing family members with different colour and attributes.
materials:
Reference materials: New General Basic Science for junior secondary school (1st Edition, 2015)

Content:
FAMILY TRAITS

Genetics: is defined as the study of heredity and variation in living things. The study of heredity,
or how the characteristics of living things are transmitted from one generation to the next. Every
living thing contains the genetic material that makes up DNA molecules. This material is passed
on when organisms reproduce. The basic unit of heredity is the gene.
Genetics is the process of a parent passing certain genes to their children. A person’s appearance
— height, hair color, skin color, and eye color — is determined by genes. Other characteristics
affected by heredity are:
• Likelihood of getting certain diseases
• Mental abilities
• Natural talents
An abnormal trait (anomaly) that is passed down through families (inherited) may:
• Have no effect on your health or well-being — for example, the trait might just cause a
white patch of hair or an earlobe that is longer than normal
• Have only a minor effect — for example, color blindness
• Have a major effect on your quality or length of life

Heredity (Inheritance): is defined as the transmission of

characters from parents to offspring via genes. It is
responsible for the similarity and small differences
between parents and offspring. Heredity is the sum of the
qualities and potentialities genetically derived from one’s
ancestors. It is also defined as the transmission of traits
from ancestor to descendant through the molecular
mechanism lying primarily in the DNA or RNA of the
genes. Heredity is the passing of phenotypic traits from
parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. This is
the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or becomes predisposed to the
characteristics of its parent cell or organism.

Variation: is defined as the differences which exist between parents and offspring as well as
among the offspring. Variation, is any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups
of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences (genotypic variation) or by the
effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials (phenotypic variation).
Therefore, family traits are those inherited characters, which show variations among members
of a family. The features that you use to recognize the parents of each child are called Family
Traits. These traits are transmittable characters which are passed from parents to offspring from
one generation to another. Some characters that are genetically transferred from parents to
offspring include
1. shape of face, forehead, eyes, nose, mouth and ears
2. colour of skin, hair and eyes
3. height of the body
4. method of walking
5. quantity of hair, eyebrow and eyelashes and some genetic disease conditions such as
albinism, sickle cells anaemia, colour blindness, etc.

Dominant and Recessive Traits

Dominant Traits: These are trait that keeps appearing in each successive generation.
Recessive Traits: These are trait present in a living organism, yet they do not appear physically
because of the dominant trait in the offspring, but may suddenly appear in successive generation.
For example, a dominant tall man (AA) who married a recessive short woman (aa) may not
produce any short child or children. But the children having the recessive traits or genes may
produce short child or children by the second generation.

Comparison between Dominant and Recessive Traits

Dominant Traits Recessive Traits

1. Traits are manifested outwardly Traits are not manifested outwardly

2. Traits are controlled by dominant Traits are controlled by the recessive genes
genes

Importance of Family Traits

a) Intelligence: Intelligent parents usually give birth to intelligent children. This trait (character)
seems to be continuous in most family generations.
b) Diseases: The study of family traits has helped in the understanding of some genetic diseases
like albinism, sickle cell anaemia, colour blindness, etc. Prospective spouses are counseled to
check their genetic make-up before entering into marriage to avoid transmitting genetic diseases.
c) Resemblance: Family trait also helps to identify a member of a particular family.
d) Family Genealogy: One can easily trace a person’s ancestor (lineage) and predict his present
and future characteristics through the family traits.

Evaluation:
1. Define the following:
a. Family Traits
b. Genetics
c. Heredity
2. Give 3 examples of Family Traits
3. What is Variation?
4. Explain the meaning of Dominant and Recessive Traits
5. Give the Importance of Family Traits.

Assignment:
• Evaluation for this week is located on eduffice CBT.
BASIC SCIENCE Week 2&3

Topic: Radioactivity
Sub Topics: • Right and Wrong Application of Science.
• Implications of bad scientific practices.
• Adverse Effects on the Country.
Learning objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the You should be able to:
i. Explain the meaning of Radioactivity.
ii. Mention the types of radiation.
iii. State radioactive Properties of alpha, beta and gamma particles.
iv. State the uses of radioactivity.

Key Words: Particles Radiation Isotopes

Instructional materials: Images of the Alpha, beta, and gamma particles and their uses in today’s world.
Reference materials: New General Basic Science for junior secondary school (1st Edition, 2015)

CONTENT:
RADIOACTIVITY

Radioactivity is the disposition of certain elements to send out rays on their own. This makes the nuclei
break down. It also refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability.
Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two stronger forces in nature, it should
not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of
radiation.

The most common types of radiation are called alpha, beta and gamma radiation, but there are several
other varieties of radioactive decay. The atom has a nucleus around which electrons evolve. The nucleus
contains protons and neutrons. A proton has a positive electric charge while the neutron is neutral i.e. it
has no charge. The electron has a given negative electric charge. When a radioactive element sends out
rays, the structure of its atom changes, in some cases the number of electrons revolving round the
nucleus reduces.

There are naturally occurring radioactive elements and artificial ones. Natural radioactive elements
include radium, uranium, plutonium, thorium etc. Artificial radioactive elements are made by using
neutrons and protons to bombard the normal atoms of sulphur, iodine and cobalt include sulphur-35,
iodine-131 and cobalt-60. They are artificial isotopes and so are called radio-isotopes since they are
radioactive elements. Both natural and artificial radioactive elements disintegrate by giving out alpha,
beta and gamma rays.
Types of Radiation and Properties
Alpha Emission –[α]radioactive or radio isotopes emits an alpha particle which is represented [He].
The mass number of the radioactivity isotope is reduced by 4 and the atomic number also reduced by 2.
Properties of Alpha Emission
1. it is positively charge.
2. it has penetrating power and can be stopped by sheet of paper.
3. it can be deflected by towards the negatively plate in an electrostatic field since they are positively
4. it has high ionizing power.
5. it has helium particles.

Beta Emission –[β] when a radioactive isotope element emission beta particle, the atomic number is
increased by 1. This does not affect the mass number. Beta particle is represented by i.e. A proton with
the loss of an electron with escape of Beta particles.
Properties of beta emission.
1. The particle is negatively charged.
2. It has a relatively small mass.
3. They are deflected to the positive plate in an electrostatic field.
4. It has more penetrating power than alpha particle.
5. It has lower ionizing power than alpha particle.

Gamma Emission – (γ) gamma ray is represented by [γ] it is often emitted along alpha and beta
particles.
Properties of Gamma Emission
1. gamma rays are electron magnetic waves similar to visible light
2.it has least ionizing power
3. it has most penetrating power than alpha & beta
4. it causes fluorescence in sodium iodine and zinc sulphate.
5. it is un affected by electrostatic field.
Click the following links for more;
Properties of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation
Briefly on radioactive particles
History of Radioactivity
 PENETRATION OF MATTER
Though the most massive and most energetic of radioactive emissions, the alpha particle is the shortest
in range because of its strong interaction with matter. The electromagnetic gamma ray is extremely
penetrating, even penetrating considerable thicknesses of concrete. The electron of beta radioactivity
strongly interacts with matter and has a short range.

USES OF RADIOACTIVITY
1. Treatment of Cancer – Cancer of the skin or an organ such
as the breast is treated with gamma rays. Once every month
or at intervals prescribed by the doctor, the part of the body
affected by the cancer is exposed to gamma rays for a short
time. This treatment is called Radiotherapy and it is
continued till the affected part is healed.

2. Sterilisation of Fruit and Drinks – In the past, germs in bottled drinks and canned foods were
killed by a process called pasteurisation. The bottled drink or food was warmed to a temperature
that killed the germs. In some cases, chemicals were added to the canned food or drinks such as
orange juice.
3. Sterilisation of syringes and medical equipment
was done in the past with boiling water. It is
believed that application of heat to the water in
these instruments to 100-degree Celsius will kill
germs and bacteria. It is now easier to use gamma
rays to kill bacteria in syringes and medical
equipment.
 4. Carbon dating is a method used to find the age of very old objects. The radiation given out in a
given time interval is proportionate to the whole radiation that has been given out in the time
past. This is because reduction in radiation is proportional to the age of the object.

Dangers of Radioactivity
1. Though alpha particles may not be able to penetrate into the body as they are stopped by the
skin’s outer layer, they are dangerous and injurious to organs
2. The beta particles can penetrate the body where they damage and destroy cell tissue.
3. Gamma rays are even more dangerous inside the body, they penetrate deeper into the body than
the other two rays. They destroy the cells of bodies exposed to them. They also upset the natural
chemical reactions of the body and this may cause death or at best injure the parts exposed to
them.

Evaluation:
1. What is radioactively?
2. List the types of radiation particles and their properties
3. Mention four radioactive minerals / elements.

Assessment
• Evaluation for this week is located on eduffice LMS.
BASIC SCIENCE Week 4

Topic: ELECTROSTATICS AND ELECTRIC CURRENTS

Sub Topics: • Electrical energy
• Electricity
• Flow of electrons
• Components of an Electric Circuit and their Functions
• Circuit series and parallel
• Fuses and circuit breakers
• Electrical power.
Learning objectives: At the end of the lesson, the You should be able to:
i. Describe electric energy and electricity
ii. Indicate the direction of electron flow in a circuit
iii. Set up series of parallel circuits
iv. State the functions of fuses and circuit breakers in a house circuit
v. Read the electric meter used for billing
Key Words: Particles Radiation Isotopes
Instructional materials: Images of the Alpha, beta, and gamma particles and their uses in today’s world.
Reference materials: New General Basic Science for junior secondary school (1st Edition, 2015)

CONTENT:
ELECTROSTATICS AND ELECTRIC CURRENTS
Electrical energy
Electrical energy is a form of energy gotten from electricity. Electricity is one of the basic forms of energy
widely dependent and used in the world today for a wide range everyday appliances. It is used in homes,
schools, factories, churches, mosques, markets and so on.
Electrical energy is the work done when a quantity of charged particles moves between two points of
potential difference. It is measured in joules.

Electrical energy is mathematically expressed as:

Work done = Q x V, where
• W = Work done
• Q = Quantity of charges
• V = Potential difference across the terminal
Work done = Quantity of charge X Potential difference

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
Electricity is a fundamental form of kinetic or potential energy created
by the free or controlled movement of charged particles such as
electrons, positrons, and ions.
Electricity is associated with electric charge which is a property of
certain elementary particles such as electrons and protons which are
the two basic particles that make up the atoms of all matter. To
understand the concept of electricity, we must understand how
electricity works.
 FLOW OF ELECTRONS
An electric current is formed when electric moves through a conductor e.g. metallic wire
This can only happen if:
a) There is electric pressure difference called potential difference,
between the two ends of a conductor. This electric pressure is like
the one that makes liquid flow through a pipe or hose. For example,
to bring petrol from a keg into a car, the keg is raised high to make
the mouth of the hose in the petrol to be higher than the other
mouth of the hose. This higher pressure pushes the petrol through
the hose into the car.
b) There must be an external source that supplies the electrical energy
needed by the electrons to keep moving e.g. battery or a generator.

CIRCUIT SERIES AND PARALLEL SERIES

Cells may be arranged in series or in parallel like resistors. At times, cells may be arranged in
oppositions.
i. Arrangement of cells in circuit series:
Cells may be arranged in such a way that the positive terminal of one cell is connected to the negative
terminal of the other cell.

ii. Arrangement of cells in parallel series:

Cells are arranged in such a way that the negative terminal of one cell is connected to the negative
terminal of another. Also positive terminal of another cell is connected to the positive terminal of
another.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS WITH SERIES CONNECTIONS

An electric circuit is the path provided for easy passage or flow of electric current from a cell or battery
to an appliance like lamp and back to the cell.
Electrical circuit cold either be closed or open. For example, when the circuit is closed, the lamp will
light.

• Closed circuit: In a closed circuit, the path is continuous and moves in only one direction. Here
a direct connection is made, with no appreciable resistance, inductance, or capacitance, between
the terminals of the source of electromotive force.
• Open circuit: This is a circuit in which the current path is not continuous. It is an incomplete
closed path through which an electric current is not able to flow.

Current flows in an electric circuit in accordance with several definite laws. The basic law of current flow
is Ohm's law, named for its discoverer, the German physicist Georg Ohm.
 Electric Circuit

OHM’S LAW
Ohm's law states that, the amount of current flowing in a circuit made up of pure resistances is directly
proportional to the electromotive force impressed on the circuit and inversely proportional to the total
resistance of the circuit.
The law is usually expressed by the formula I = V/R, where:
• I = current in amperes,
• V = the electromotive force in volts
• R = the resistance in ohms
Ohm's law applies to all electric circuits for both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), but
additional principles must be invoked for the analysis of complex circuits and for AC circuits also
involving inductances and capacitances.

COMPONENTS OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

COMPONENT OF
FUNCTION
S/NO ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
1 Lamp or Bulb They help to indicate the flow of electricity
2 Ammeter It is used to measure the amount of current flowing.
The unit of current is ammeter (A).
3 Voltmeter It is used to measure the potential resistance. The unit for
potential difference is the volt (V)
4 Switch it is used to put on or put off an electric current

FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Fuses and circuit breakers are safety devices placed in electrical appliances and along electrical wiring
to protect them from damage due to overheating when there is power surge that is beyond the maximum
required enters.

Fuse, safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from the effect of excessive current. Its essential
component is usually a strip of metal that will melt at a given temperature. A fuse is so designed that the
strip of metal can easily be placed in the electric circuit. If the current in the circuit exceeds a
predetermined value, the fusible metal will melt and thus break, or open, the circuit. Devices used to
detonate explosives are also called fuses
Evaluation:
1. What is radioactively?
2. List the types of radiation particles and their properties
3. Mention four radioactive minerals / elements.

Assessment
• Evaluation for this week is located on eduffice LMS.
BASIC SCIENCE Week 5

Topic: Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources of Energy

Sub Topics: • meaning of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy

• Examples of renewable and non-renewable energy
• The differences between renewable and non-renewable energy.
Learning objectives: At the end of the lesson, the You should be able to:
i. Understand the Meaning of Natural resources.
ii. Explain the meaning and characteristics of renewable and non-
renewable sources of energy.

Key Words: Resources, Fossil, Natural, Coal.

Instructional
a picture of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.
materials:
Reference materials: New General Basic Science for junior secondary school (1st Edition, 2015)

Energy and natural resources

Energy is the ability and capacity to do work. There are several forms of energy e.g. Chemical
energy, mechanical energy, solar energy, electrical energy, etc. Every day, people use energy to
power businesses, make homes more comfortable, and fuel vehicles. To do this, we extract
energy from their sources such as coal, and convert the energy into other useful forms of energy,
such as electricity. These sources through which energy is extracted from are often referred to
as natural resources.
Natural Resources

Natural resources refer to all the materials present in our environment which are used by living
beings. Resources are considered to be very useful raw materials found in the environment, as
they are beneficial to every individual in a variety of ways. Air, water, woods, animals, and
minerals are some examples of natural resources. When humans use natural things to make a
new thing that increases its value, it is known as a man-made resource.
Most natural resources, such as coal and petroleum, were formed millions of years ago. Other
resources, such as sunlight, were present even before the earth was formed. Regardless, we all
depend on these resources in some way or another. These resources are termed natural
resources and are very important for life on earth. Natural resources are classified into
renewable resources and non-renewable resources.

Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources of Energy

 Renewable sources of energy
Renewable source of energy are those sources of
energy that cannot be used up, they infinitely available
and they can be renewed on their own. They are
resources which cannot be exhausted even after
continuous use for years.

Renewable energy can be defined as an energy that is

collected from renewable resources. Renewable energy often
referred to as clean energy, comes from natural sources or
processes that constantly replenished.

Renewable sources of energy are replenished naturally

and continuously, typically through processes that do
not deplete their supply. These sources of energy
include solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biomass,
and others such as sunshine, rain, tides, thermal heat,
waves, etc.

Some common renewable sources of energy and their uses.

1. Solar energy- Energy acquired from the sunlight. There are solar power devices (e.g.
Solar panels) that are used to generate electricity and they’re extremely affordable and
user-friendly. Solar panels are used to collect solar energy and turn it into electricity, and
more and more they are used in homes. The solar energy collected is converted to
electricity and can be used and stored. Solar panels can be used to charge batteries and
perform smaller electric tasks as well.
2. Wind energy- This type of energy originates from windmills and wind corridors. A
windmill is typically attached to a generator that is powered by its rotation: When the
wind blows, its force turns the windmill. Wind energy was first used not to produce
electricity, but to perform repetitive mechanical tasks, such as pump water from wells or
to grind grain. Today, windmills can be used for a variety of situations, including when a
small amount of power is needed. They can be used in most places, as they can be made
any size.
3. Hydropower energy- Acquired from flowing water. Water can also be used to gather
electricity by hydroelectric power plants, which harness the flow of runoff water in rivers,
streams and lakes. The force of water flow is extremely high, that is how it generates
electricity. This flow is mostly maintained in the shape of dams. There is great potential
to use hydroelectric power in urban areas, where there is a constant flow of water through
municipal pipes.
4. Tidal energy- It is also a form of hydropower but it is acquired from tides and water
waves.
5. Geothermal energy- Energy generated from the heat of the earth.
 6. Biofuels- This energy is generated from the fuels of living organisms. For example,
ethanol, the corn fuel. Remember we talked about the animal dung? It is also a kind of
biofuels that is utilized for cooking purposes.

Characteristics of Renewable Energy Sources

• Renewable resources have the capacity to restore themselves easily.
• They produce clean forms of energy.
• They are ecofriendly, i.e they do not cause environmental pollution.

Advantages of Renewable Sources of Energy

1. Renewable energy sources can never run out because these sources are continuously
filled by nature. For instance: solar energy can never run out until the Sun exists in the
solar system.
2. As compared to non-renewable sources like fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are
easily available to humans and are reliable because these energy sources are distributed
equally on the planet.
3. Renewable energy sources are environment friendly because they are produced
naturally, and they do not emit any harmful gases or pollutants that can cause damage to
the ozone layer or to the environment.
4. Renewable sources require less maintenance as compared to non-renewable energy
sources. For instance, if you can see turbines in hydropower stations or in wind farms,
you will observe that these power generating systems do not require any external system
for rotating parts. Although their initial cost is high, once they are installed, you can
benefit from them for a lifetime.

Disadvantages of Renewable Sources of Energy

1. Renewable energy sources are not available round the clock because these sources are
natural forces that depend strongly on the weather condition. Therefore, when you have
bad weather conditions, renewable energy such as solar cells can’t be used.
2. The efficiency of renewable energy is low because every type of energy requires a
particular kind of technology to convert it into electricity. Unfortunately, as compared
with traditional energy conversion devices, the efficiency of renewable sources and
technology is not that high.
3. The storage cost of renewable energy is very high, and also it requires a lot of space for
its installation.
 Non-renewable Resources
Non-renewable sources of energy are those that
are finite and will eventually be used up, typically
because they are formed over millions of years
through geological or biological processes. A non-
renewable resource is a natural resource that
cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a
quick enough pace to keep up with consumption.
Most Non-renewable energy sources comes from
fossil fuel, or are found inside the earth crust.
Examples of non-renewable sources of energy are
fossil fuels such as coal, Crude oil, natural gas, as
well as nuclear fuels such as uranium and
plutonium.
For a large number of industries, these natural
resources are a major source of power; however,
there are several disadvantages to non-renewable energy, counting their negative
environmental influence and the fact they are in limited supply.

Characteristics of Non-Renewable Energy Sources

1. Non-renewable energy sources are also known as stock resources because they are not
obtainable in high quantities.
2. Non-renewable energy generally exists in the form of minerals which are present in
various forms in the lithosphere of the earth.
3. Non-renewable resources can be obtained in solids, liquids or gases, that is, all the three
states of matter, for instance, coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Advantages of Non-Renewable Sources of Energy

1. Resources such as oil and coal tend to provide us with more energy as compared to
renewable energy like wind or solar energy, and the reason behind it is that non-
renewable resources are high in energy.
2. In the construction of natural gas pipelines, mining of coal and selling of oil and
petroleum, huge profits can be generated.
3. Non-renewable resources are easy to use and quite easy to store. Also, non-renewable
resources can be conveniently moved across the world.
4. Most significantly, non-renewable resources are helpful in generating employment.
Extracting, refining and transporting are the portions of non-renewable sources that
provide employment for the people in gulf countries.

Disadvantages of Non-Renewable Source of Energy

1. One of the main drawbacks of non-renewable energy is that it consumes a lot of time and
it takes a lot of effort. For instance, the process involved in the mining of coal is searching
for the coal mines, installation of complex machines, drilling, extracting, refining and
transporting. All these processes are very time-consuming processes.
2. Non-renewable energy sources are slowly vanishing from the earth because they are
formed over billions of years.
 3. Since some non-renewable sources emit carbon monoxide, like fossil fuels, it means that
non-renewable energy causes pollution and also, they can cause respiratory problems in
humans. Sources like coal, oil and natural gas are responsible for rapidly destroying the
ozone layer because these sources release a large amount of carbon dioxide when burnt.
4. Transportation of non-renewable sources is a very risky process because when huge oil
tanks and cargo ships crash and spill the contents in the sea or somewhere else, then it
can be deadly for human beings, sea animals and the vegetation in that area.

Evaluation:
1. Define renewable sources of energy
2. List the examples of renewable sources of energy
3. Define Non-renewable sources of energy
4. List the examples of Non-renewable sources of energy
5. State 5 differences between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.

Assessment
• Evaluation for this week is located on eduffice LMS.