MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS
Prepared by:
AP Dr Junaidah Jai
Motivation on Multiphase systems
Multiphase:
2 phases (gas and liq)
at (a point) the same condition
Single phase system :
Only 1 phase at a point
(a condition)
Example: Phase diagram of single component, water
Multi-phase
systems
Single component Multi component
PART 1 PART 2
CONTENT
q SINGLE-COMPONENT PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
q THE GIBBS PHASE RULE
q GAS-LIQUID: ONE CONDENSABLE COMPONENT
q MULTICOMPONENT GAS-LIQUID SYSTEMS
Multi-Phase Systems
ii. Calculation using
mathematical expression
Single component
i. Phase D
PART 1 iagram
•Clapeyron equation
•Clausius- Clapeyron equation
•Antoine equation
Objective is to determine vapor pressure, P*
Boiling point temperature, Tb: along the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve
Freezing/melting point temperature, Tm: along the solid-liquid equilibrium
curve
Sublimation point temperature, Ts: along the solid-vapor equilibrium curve
Vapor pressure, p*: along with Tb and Ts
Solid-liquid curve
Tm is the Melting/freezing pt
temperature
above the critical point (Tc & Pc)
component exist as single phased
Solid-vapor curve
P is the vapor pressure of solid (p*)
Ts is sublimation point
Vapor-liquid curve
P is the vapor pressure (p*)
T is the boiling temperature (Tb)
Vapor-liquid-solid coexist
Note: Please refer page 241-242 for detail illustration
Phase diagram : H2O
Note: Highlight is on vapor pressure (p*)
when compound is at T & P of the vapour-liquid equilibrium curve , the P is call vapor pressure P*.
Note: Please refer page 241-242 for detail illustration
ii. Mathematical expression method
•
Hˆ v
dp Hˆ v ln p B
RT
dT T (Vˆg Vˆl )
d (ln p ) Hˆ v
y = mx + c (linear equation)
d (1 / T ) R
p* ~ vapor pressure
T ~ absolute temperature,
ΔHv ~ latent heat of vaporization (appendix B.1)
Vg , Vl ~ specific molar volumes of the gas and liquid phases. For low pressure (Vg - Vl = Vg)
For ideal gases, the equation can be simplified using Vg = RT/p*
Try example 6.1-1
Refer Table B.4
for A, B, C, T (oC) and p*(mm Hg).
B
log 10 p* A
T C
GIBBS PHASE RULE (DOF) – MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS
The relationship among DOF, π, c and r is given
by Gibbs phase rule:
DOF 2 c r
π number of phase in the system
c number of independent chemical species
r number of independent chemicalreactions
DOF degree of freedom
Try example 6.2-1
