Absolute Dependent Motion Analysis of Two
Particles
APPM 211
North-West University
[email protected]
Dr Djomengi’s e-mail: [email protected]
Week3: 8-12 March 2021
Lesson Outcomes
I At the end of today’s lesson you should be able to
I Relate the positions, velocities and accelerations of
particles undergoing dependent motion.
Background
In many kinematics problems, the motion of one object will depend
on the motion of another object.
The blocks in Figure 12-36 are connected by an inextensible cord
wrapped around a pulley.
Figure : 1
Position
If block A moves downward along the inclined plane, block B will
move up the other incline.
The motion of each block can be related mathematically by
defining position coordinates, SA and SB .
Each coordinate axis is defined from a fixed point or datum line,
measured positive along each plane in the direction of motion of
each block.
Position
In this example, position coordinates SA and SB can be defined
from fixed datum lines extending from the center of the pulley
along each incline to blocks A and B.
If the cord has a fixed length, the position coordinates SA and SB
are related mathematically by the equation:
LT = SA + LCD + SB .
Here is LT the total cord length (Fixed) and LCD is the length of
cord passing over arc on the pulley (Fixed).
Velocity
The velocities of blocks SA and SB can be related by differentiating
the position equation. Note that LCD and LT remain constant, so:
dLCD dLT
= =0
dt dt
yielding:
dSB dSA
=− = 0 =⇒ or vB = −vA
dt dt
The negative sign indicates that as A moves down the incline
(positive SA direction), B moves up the incline (negative SB
direction).
Acceleration
Similarly, accelerations can be found by differentiating the velocity
expression:
aB = −aA
NOTE: These equations are valid for this particular problem. As
you will see, a new set of equations must be derived for each
problem of interest!!
Example shown in Fig 12-37
Figure : 5
Example 12-37 b
Consider a more complicated example: Position coordinates ( SA
and SB ) are defined from fixed datum lines, measured along the
direction of motion of each block. Note:
I SB is only defined to the center of the pulley above block B,
since this block moves with the pulley.
I h is a constant
I red coloured segments of the cord remain constant in length
during motion of the blocks.
The position coordinates are related by the equation:
LT = 2SB + h + SA
Where LT is the total cord.
Since LT and h remain constant during the motion, the velocities
and accelerations can be related by two successive time derivatives:
2vb = −vA and 2aB = −aA .
When block B moves downward (+SB ), block A moves to the left
(−SA ).
Remember to be consistent with the sign convention!
This example can also be worked by defining the position
coordinate for B (SB ) from the bottom pulley instead of the top
pulley (fixed datum in red).
The position, velocity, and acceleration relations then become:
LT = 2(h − SB ) + h + SA
LT = −2SB + 3h + SA
Differentiating for velocity and acceleration yields:
2vB = vA and 2aB = aA .
Prove to
yourself that the results are the same, even if the sign conventions
are different than the previous formulation.
Dependent Motion: Prodecures
These procedures can be used to relate the dependent motion of
particles moving along rectilinear paths (only the magnitudes of
velocity and acceleration change, not their line of direction).
I Define position coordinates from fixed datum lines, along the
path of each particle. Different datum lines can be used for
each particle.
I Relate the position coordinates to the cord length. Segments
of cord that do not change in length during the motion may
be left out as d(const)
dt = 0.
I If a system contains more than one cord, relate the position of
a point on one cord to a point on another cord. Separate
equations are written for each cord.
I Differentiate the position coordinate equation(s) to relate
velocities and accelerations. Keep track of signs!
Problem 12-195 New
If the end of the cable at A is pulled down with a speed of 5 m/s,
determine the speed at which block B rises.
Solution for problem 12-195 new
Problem 12-200 new/12-199 old
If the end of the cable at A is pulled down with a speed of 2 m/s,
determine the speed at which block B rises.
Solution for problem 12-200 new/12-199 old
Problem 12-205 New
If the end A of the cable is moving at vA = 3 m/s, determine the
speed of block B.
Figure : 205
Solution for problem 12-205 new
Problem 12-208 New
The cable at A is being drawn toward the motor at vA = 8 m/s.
Determine the velocity of the block.
Figure : 208
Solution for problem 12-208
Dankie vir julle aandag
