Stress and Strain & Young’s Modulus 1, Define stress and strain Sten > quantity that proportional to the force caysing deformation C= é Stram > measure of degree of deformation © Vy le 2. An aluminum rod CASED length ati ood cross-sectional area i202? is compressed. Ifthe force constant ofthe rod is 56510" Ni find the NoungiModulusor the rod. (Ams:7.0%10" Nm?) fe Gy. SWOX Ok Yaron, AL AUe Lal-t Lys Iso men G LE =\SOmm <= unstrech. > 4 ebtx w" x O8m Focos x16" Na 77 Fe —_ “) = avo N 3. A wire is used to support a box of mass1000K@at one of its end. Theextension of the wire eannorexceed3:0:mum: The chargeteristicof two wires ae shown in table below at ub oe Wire [ Length (m) | Young’s Modulus /Pa [ Cross-sectional area/m™ ‘Aluminium 60. 7.00 x 107 T5x10" Tron 350. 1.00% 107 20x10" Which wire is most suitable use to support the box? iminium ee (a) eoxyo" = Avio / VS x10 ) mG ss lon lar, Ae al L 5{coS e160 Fan 2oylb" tote} tsst0" Fey” = 2-4sas 41073 d stress-strain graph of a copper wire. Sworn Beokes Frnduve eae =vain Unstid | plastic:Qe aluminium wire is joined end to end with a brass wire of i are extended by a force of 760008 If the length and diameter of e: Ww and @:Smmem respectively, calculate the ttall™extension of combined wires (Ans: 1.10110"m) [Young's Modulus: Aluminium 6.9 «10'° Nm”, Brass 9.0x10"° Nm] (enone Y = Giwninwm + 6-4 x10" A =m = T (svic%>) Bins = q0x 10" \. VAxlo* F- 1600N Al umininen mae oan (3) Ft00 tee o2s UiaNo? Yeaxte = 2335 » (oF 6. A copper wire with_initial length of 0.755 m and cross sectional area 3.75x10" is stretched until the in the wire is [Young's Modulus of Copper is 1.3010" Calculate the force applied (Ans: 730 a os 7 —_ Li += OSS Esme (st as A = 3.95% 10 G Y= Fl taoxid" (5.25% 6") (ous) =F Aj eM, = 73\.0SN Y =) af Lbs en he ee a (00 viog At 7, A metal roof langth 1.3 m od coos sectional mee, osReBeenis 232 mmrien a Fete) 250 ky mass is suspended from one of its ends. Caleulate Tor the rod YOuay's Modulus (Ans: 6.1310" Pa) Liz tom F- o50 «5x 4%) = 2452-5 N Sut tow =1a210%m As OOM yy’ 10x 100 \00x 106 Ye FIA _ 2nsa.5 N/Ayt0 > we erie 13 10> m / Lom = Etxto” Nm*a A 8. A wire of length of 1.6 m and cross sectional area 0.10! fixed at one end. The wire stretches by 0.12 Gi wiien a 7.0 kg load is attached to its free end. Calculate the Young's Modulus of the wire. (Ans: 9.210" Nar®) Laslie dn A=|Gl6u? =| Ly 10> AL} OlDow ato my loo x 106 100 ee Thy xX IM = C8-cr LE Ea = & 6/1 yI0$ hi ran? 16 = M.vse x10" eS {A 60.0 cm wire has Young's Modulus of 174(GPa)ind diameter 0.25 mm, Calculate the (Geecd)nceded 0 wire by 18 mm, (Ans: 25.77N) AL Li-Goem_o- ew AL= | 100 Som = 8 x0? lowted 2 G25 mm 4? Al= ty? bs we (ciao Y= 135x107 Pa = 1-964 p10? Dp ye _ElA Fe satel SR") (1-44 x 10) O6 ee ray GE) 4 =F =108-LN. Ls 4 AL 10. A metal rod of length 1.4 m and cross sectional area a) kg mass is suspended from one of its ends. Cale (Ans: 7.32x10" Nm?) Jextends by 1.5 mm when a 320 ‘Young’s Modulus of metal rod. Li = V4 A- 4 om’ © Ay ot DL= 15mm _ | Sa yo™ \oO-x100 Jo¥ loo F = Z20x4@= a3a.0 VE FIA - 31342 / Axio AU; Vex] 1.4 = 4325 x10" Nm~Shear Modulus & Bulk Modulus A L |. A thin square plate of dimensions SOG x WO em Oris fixed vertical on one ofits smaller surfaces. Its subjected tga sharing force pT 2.8% 10* N at the top. The top face Othe cube is displaced through").16 mm with respect to the bottom surface. Find the shear modulus of elasticity ofthe material ofthe plate. (Ans: 35x 10" Pa) L = S0.om = 0m Fe avetoty ico He Olemm 2 16x 104 A= Wom XO Gem 2 4 xto> me loxloo loo loo =F (LY) 2 anni’ ( oxm ed GIy Late (at Axio (6xlo 235210" Py 2. Consider, a block of unknown material kept on a table (The square face ofthe material is placed on the table), is under a shearing force. Some of the data are given below to calculate the shear modulus of the material, dimensions = 60 mm x 60 mm x 20 mm, Shearing Force = 0.245 N, displacement = $ mm. (Ans: 2450 Nim) CUR L56Omm _ goem F- 0 24S Spe lov 100 lL wy AP yf om J valet? (0x100 6 aL Vo xleo ox ido C Ef eh- CMs [106 AN! pasltot\ sxe? = QYSO Nw 3. The area of the upper face of a rectangular block is 0.5 m x 0.5 m and the lower face is fixed. The height of the block is 1 em. A shearing force applied to the top face produces displacement of 0.015 mm, Find the strain, stress and the shearing force. [Modulus of Rigidity, n = 4.5x10"° Nm*] (Ans: 1.5 10°, 6.75 x 10? Nav, 1.69 x 10” N) ghain = AS ¥lo h ool + Tx[xlOp> C= Sos Syn Stress Oo stvas » © (stra) F = gas (4) = Asp (vs yo") pastas SS el el x 3 645 907 Nom)PAKAl RAO PAA 10204: PHYSICS 1 TUTORIAL SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION, 1. a) Explain simple harmonic motion asa periodic motion without los of energy by The figure below shows the graph of displacement aginst time for an oscillator in SHM with an angular velocity 3.5 rads Displacement, x (em) ‘ bw For this oscillator, sketch and label the graph of @ velocity against time. (i) acceleration against ime, 2. A small mass is suspended with a spring. The mass is pulled down 4.5 cm from the equilibrium position and released. The system oscillates vertically in simple harmonic motion. If the period of oscillation for the system is 0.85 s, a) write an expression for the displacement, x in term of time, t. (Ans: x = 4.5 sin 7.3) b) sketch the graph of x against t. ©) determine the position of the mass after 0.5 s. (Ans: 2.37 em) a <1 ) 17 Acs kx gn wt ry fi anfsw wl: Ain wt am(L)=w i = 54S) snG@-s42 4) A aw aks) = #392 we cm Yoox c) uA an wt 4s 274.5 an (7.392«0:S) = 2.464m 0 OSm 3 Gis} particle is attached to the end of a spring and oscillate with simple harmonic motiotrafong the x-axis. Its displacement varies with is given by the eq where x and t are in cen x= 15sin(40r +2) a) frequency and period of the motion (Ans: 6.37 Hz) ) displacement att = 0s (Ans: 15 em) ©) maximum acceleration of the particle (Ans: -240@3)s ) 4) spring constant (Ans: 80 Nm") eS in (Hot + a) $4 X= A sin (Wh + 9) wou fiw = 40 2637h, 21 oT b) oF Asin (wE+ 0) = 1S sim (40(0) + t) =\Sum Dad, pws neter and seconds respectively. Determine: Pai A) + Be fe (om) + 2 (FonY -e, mM k-HGow 76 sm] @©os) =O Naw ©) Potential enersur Veal seta E ~ Swe" + = 46) (esta) Saad Peas © SAE) 40% ts® 00 Ez = acco 4. The displacement of a particle performing a simple harmonic motion is given as 2) =04KS x= 12004 14% | where displacement, x in cm and time, tin second. At time, t = 2.0 s, (3 6) calculate its a) displacement. (Ans: -10.39 em) b) velocity. (Ams: -6.28 ems") ©) acceleration, (Ans: 11.40 ems*) 8) m2 es (S44 t) > Des(Zey +1) Fo 10-34 cm b) v =Aw tos wk E e() cos( Ex 2) * 6 2R omy €) 4 = Aw sin wl =- W)CEP an (F<) TM HO ema5. A object of mass 2 kg is connected to one end of alight spring constant 2 KNmy. The objec is pulled 10 cm from its equlibium postion atx =O em and released from a rest <0. Find the maximum displace angular reque ©) frequency. (Ans: 5.03 Hz) 4) period of resulting motion. (Ans: 0.199 5) ‘maximum velocity and maximum acceleration (Ans: 3.162(@p!, 99.98 ms*) 1) total mechanical energy. (Ans: 10,3) "e 9f oscillation. (Ans: 0.10 m) ‘62 rads") 4) (ume 6-0\m &) Pele + a 03 DAG td) d= pol ©) Vora enld us dew = aw(s.6s) = [plea (0-0) = 10? (oo) > 3 red F Paes = 4.998 ms $) REGEE fw > 5s a) enn = Sos . ~OOU KT 6 many) Tel [fl] Ww 408 f T 038, = an(2*) Eero an Lee v- Aw cos wt ~ Gl (W928 e5 (1F-45 40.35) = OF my? 1.05 objec atache spring with spring constant of 180 Nm andthe bjt is towed to uve om orga ions sutee This objet i then phe il te Springs compres by 0.195. Find 3 he cease onthe objet (Ans: 228 N) celeron at that isa (Ans 45 ms) a) T=Ke = 180( 0-128) b) A= kx < twol 0195) =02.SN & os §SimeThe displacement of $00 g object undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x(f)=4.0cos(3xt +n) where x is in meters and tis in seconds. Determine: a) amplitude and angular frequency of the motion. (A = 4.0 m, e = 3x rads") 'b) max. velocity and acceleration of the object. (Vm = 12 ms", aux = -355.3 ms” ©) maximum energy of the object. (Emax = 355.28 J) 4) displacement, velocity and acceleration of the object at t = 0.25 s (Ans: x = 2.828 m, v= -26.657 ms", a = -251.237 ms) 4) be Mees (t+ 9) Wh 4 vees(smt + 1) A =hom w= anally) DV = WA = Sn (40) Anus Ww Al= 50) CHD = 3470 ms" = 855-5! let DE dmwa? . Seyany ay i > 33847 A) x= A gn wt + 4-0 om 3025) 2-228 m V= Aw cos wl = 46(s) cos (20 x 0-95) = "26-66 my" © =-Aw? sin wh =-(4o)s)” sm (30 0-25) = -251-24 ms” 9. A 20 kg mass is suspended from a spring with spring constant of 900 Nm, The displacement is given by the expression x(¢) = sin(eon Gay Determine, a) the angular frequency. (Ans: 21.21 rads“) b) velocity expression. (Ans: 2.545 cos (21.21) ©) the maximum acceleration. (A\ 9 ms?) a) [Pel tle]. tose] [b) |v =|Anlcos| wt an]m ana “12 (201) cos ark = 5-38H> ~ 2SUH-S6 cos(ai.ait) w zat - am(3.35) D Ona =-WA =- (2121) (um) 721 -bt red af So =-53.98 mgtPAA 10204: PHYSICS I TUTORIAL: WAVES Properties of Waves Define: © Amplitude © Wavelength © Frequency © Period Progressive Waves 1. The motion ofa traveling wave is represented by equation y= 0.5 cos (200(@}208/17s) mete. Find the; 2) Maximam displacement t) Frequency and period of oscillation 6) Wavelength €) Velocity of the traveling waves (Ans: 05 m, 100 Hi, 0.01 5, 1.7 m, 170 ms) 7S cos (acont + aon } c) ke 2a p ae 41 Al cos (mis UR 20m. 20 4) 6S m ah Y) wmf Al aha eee 4) v= AL = ba (109 ar a7 f 2190 we! + looWe > 0-01, | 2.A sinusoidal wave has a frequency 30.0 Hand the wave velocity 2) Compute the wavelength $ 1) Determine the wavenumber (Ans: 0833 m, 7.54 rad’m) sy Neat b) k- 2m = 2m wd S| OBB by sys radlu 4. v- Af. 0 Syx 600 F3aeme5. A wave source produces harmonic progressive wave. The graph shown in Figure 2 show the displacement y of particle of the medium varies with distance x from the source when the wave propagates through the medium. The frequency of the source is 300 Hz. Ee What i the wavelSigth ofthe wave? and calculate the sed ofthe wave. (Ans 1 cm, 3 ms) A= Mam = om v fy): 300(ow) 6 The motion of a wave propagates to the ight is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3a) isa graph of 524k > (26a) = Hey, L.A wire of 2.0 m long is fixed at both ends with a certain tension. When the wire is plucked, a e wave with speed of 300 ms" is propagated along the wire and formed a standing wave ied ends ofthe wire. Thee antinodes are observed. Find the frequency of thea) Ina btednedy |] til é 36408 * yma oem WV) 2(6-0K) wm» Gon cos 20% 2 FOR we O'S? SIN WH Conriok ) HOt Gn SL xc0os Gok ly) It 2 kL: 24256 Win (ees Lo 254) k =ecamand \erel = Quand Vevel i totey I oare pune : Te 1 AG cs wm win er pt Wats Ca ees aad Aap ian an Aas We 14? |: joo Atv A tbls)” = 00796 W/w’ 2. Ain sounds its ho a it approaches animersecton, The orn canbe herd at level of Su by an observer 10 km aay 8), Whats the average power psa byte hor? (Ans: 125.66 W) 1) Whattheineniyo the hon is observed by someone wating a an intersection 0 mom then? e-Te10" Win) (Ams 10° Wine) -fe @) x x oe T- WL (e)* = into Pi xio™ (an llocco) ? = Ste w 6) 1+ lasce tin (3e)" 33:99 310° W/m? 3._ What ste imensity ofa sound atthe pin level of 1208? Given l= 1.0 10° Win? (Ans:1 Wim?) © Shtt tes) ain: B= to toy & 12 = Noo 3 © 4 \¥to” a 120 © (6) toy 1 Ae 1¥ 10)" SI xto 4 cia (hs Oh ee Deane 4. Atarock concert, a dB metePregistered(30)MB when rnc hn in froat of a loudapeakce ibe sage, Wha was the per out Se speaker. seul spherical spreading the ound and ncpeting absorption inthe is (Ans 08.21 W) B = 10 log L inline tlo= ? e 1. Nxt" 4nbay 140 =10 tog TL e? (iyo) =1 P= coyaia w Vio" Li to LO) 151 = Nog) t liaeae art K 1xto?of te inensit(Dvithdistanc from a source that 5. Sketch a graph to represents the vai ‘emits sound uniformly in all drei v ? {6 The intensity of sound from a speaker ata distance of 150 em tothe left of the speaker is 180 Wm? Determine the power produced by thes every | second. (Ans: $089.4 W) P 1-P 4uv™ Vole FL uc see Yo P= $084.38 W Va > obs. Qe some occa Doppler et “ Sy obs y wane 1. Define the Doppler Effect, igh a ofS is! and Wa ey teary ayssenger na carta res 7 = 3yo upper SH x ou 145 (Sey eel oi OS ae TE omer +400 (so 428) we oeey Vue 3S Ver 2S roles 1s > hoo 4.47 = 446 64 He$ Vv ere See 3.A lor sig road wih ayia ity of 1944 mound i pn hat eit he frequenc}of 800 Riz as it passes Goa us. Calculate the appearance frefency heard by the diver bus aging in the bus wr aeTory is moving towards hi. Given the speed ofthe — 340)ns", (Ans: 848.52 Hz) aieN (= +. \ PP Gku — towew d tore Ol C vl Y N-¥SN ae ro (1) 340-19, au YS He a ‘Z loner shor ‘em What isthe apparent sound frequency? (Ans: ve f RED : seooo( 340 - a 340 4 0 F wav) > larer Sn - WSSs&.24 YL «ae nea: ston sii ith aN side the OH Calculate the egy ta the velocity of sound in air is 340 me poetry rat ence Ys Get” G foward ge toned > wpper “AOy ew) VG Vs > sot (340 +0 380 - 20 > Slash,(o> > 20 6.In Doppler Effect, when the observer hears a frequency that is higher than the source which is stationary, what isthe conclusion that can be drawa from this? f. «(vw Path ee) moe toward f . : Ve @ a factory, a noon whistle is sounding witha frequency of 500 Hz. As a ca rave)ing at 85 fav approaches the factory, the driver hears the whistle at frequency f,. After driving paste factory, the driver hears the whistle a a frequency. f (Assume speed of sound i{331 > sms"). What is the change in frequency is heard by the driver? (Ans: 71.3 Hz) wppesayt > tener fh = Soo BeBe (yet) Went amey Oo Va Vs ato 4, 7 SvoCaang 25-6 ) Rare he 431-0 \nxloxto fe A= S35 V= 23. m9) f,|+ soo fo» 2, “') + © Dafferance = 64-44 te S3S b6— Hcq- 34 7 WN 3a Me * 0 frequency of an ambulance siren is 700 He. What are the frequencies heard by astaionary pedestrian as the ambulance? (Assume that Wé =343 ms") yg, VerO 8) the ambulance app 90 kits Cams 78512) ') the ambulance passes her at “ai (652.4 Hz) # ugpw HAN > tonad ve) fe Bs (Nahe y vi ra f= veo ( 34540 S43 — Above 2-6 WS bem |h ywward owerResonance: Sound Wavesin Pipe Column 1. Ape Pipe has a length of 0.75 ‘a) What would be the length of a closed organ pipe whose third harmonic is the same as the 13m) fundamental frequency of the open pipe? (Ans: by) Sketch the profile of second overtone of the open organ pipe. eg So BB gy ate opm +| 22k: aia i “XN < ate harmonic foot > 3 rey 928er = om pte FE Navn Geta leoth 1 dans overtone os Weenie Browdne Ls vise 2 The speed of sound waves in air is found to be 340 ms the fundamental Hequency ofan (djs ola which has lng of 67 5 Ans 281.88 Ha) Ym {=| |. 340 | = PACERS) loo F OSt-85 Wal v \ “aL c ‘3. What isthe fundamental frequency for 25 Gaiong organ pipe iit end i (a) Open (b) clos [Velocity of sound in air is 343 ms'"] (Ans? 686 Hz, 443 Hz) 2 =| 345. 4) fish) Polat tats) aL 2 (28 ine. > ByS He = 6% Ha 4: os Gon tens sae gy 30H pe fd is 330 mf the 3° Ihawmaric ay lems oe pipe (Ans 033 m) (@ypostion of aminodes measured from one end of the pipe for second ovehone (Ams: 32 m) aes dt be Ape a) it a ie 2 ee 2f 2. (Soe) f= av - 633m Og Lav], 3(s30) AP] 4 (sae)