SRI SAIRAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SAI LEO NAGAR, WEST TAMBARAM, CHENNAI-44

NAME:

REG NO:

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY

COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS LABORATORY

VI SEMESTER

May-2024
 SRI SAIRAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Sai Leo Nagar, West Tambaram, Chennai-600 044.

Department of Information And Technology

Bonafide Certificate

REGISTER NUMBER

Certified to be the bonafide record of the work done by

_______________________ Register No. ________________ of

B.E Information And Technology in the year 2024

Subject: COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS LABORATORY

Subject Code: 20HSPL501

Staff In-charge Head of the Department

Submitted for the SIXTH Semester University Practical Examination held on

________ at Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai-600 044.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO DATE TITLE PG.NO SIGNATURE

COMMUNICATION LAB

1 COMMON ERRORS IN ENGLISH – I, II

2 VOCABULARY – I, II

3 IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

4 READING COMPREHENSION

5 CLOZE EXERCISES

6 JUMBLED SENTENCES

CAREER LAB

PRESENTATION

GROUP DISCUSSION

RESUME WITH COVER LETTER

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
 Sri Sairam Engineering College
Sai Leo Nagar, Chennai – 44 `

COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS LABORATORY

Subject Code: 20HSPL501 Branch: Information and Technology

Section: A

COMMON ERRORS IN ENGLISH – I

Identify the grammatically correct sentence

1. I go always to school by subway

I always go to school by subway
2.Can you give me some information?
You can give me information?
3. She said me that she liked you
She told me that she liked you
4. You cannot buy all what you like
You cannot buy all that you like
5. The clock has struck five
The clock has struck five hours
6. He doesn’t know to swim
He doesn’t know how to swim
7. As soon as you remain idle, you cannot succeed
Until you remain idle, you cannot succeed
8. The discussion will begin after dinner
The discussion will begin after the dinner
9.You may not realize that how important time is
You may not realise how important time is
10.I seldom go to the theatre
I seldom go to theatre

1
COMMON ERRORS IN ENGLISH – II

Identify the grammatically correct sentence

1. More than one employee was killed in the accident

More than one employee were killed in the accident

2.I request you to kindly help me

I request you kindly to help me

3. The doctor saw the pulse of the patient

The doctor felt the pulse of the patient

4. He put off his coat

He put of his coat

5. There were few incidents of irregularity during the Emergency years

There were few incidents of irregularity for the Emergency years

6. One must finish his task on time

One must finish one’s task on time

7. Whose photograph is lying here?

Which photograph is living there?

8. It is one of the most important day in my life

It is one of the most important days in my life

9. He was elected as President of our society

He was elected President of our society

10. It is him who came to see us

It is he who came to see us

2
 VOCABULARY - I

Pick out the most effective word from the given words to give a complete meaning to the
sentence.

1. The book has been hyped up far beyond its worth.

a) priced b) circulated c) publicized d) praised

2. He saw his role in the organization as proactive.

a) effective b) ineffective c) motivator d) taking the initiative

3.The investment scheme had been a scam all along.

a) swindle b) plain c) failure d) successful

4. Another theory postulates that the yogic treatment relaxes the mind and body.

a) highlights b) to assume to be true c) makes doubtful d) discard

5. Sanjay has a propensity for getting into debt.

a) liking b) aptitude c) will d) natural tendency

6. The Bosnian forces had no artillery and were completely annihilated.

a) disarmed b) tired of fighting c) destroyed d) inefficient

7. No one welcomes him to a party for he is so garrulous.

a) behaves indecently c) too proud c) to have ego d) talks too much

8. Illness prevalent in ageing population

a) incurable b) commonly occurring c) infectious d) curable

3
 VOCABULARY– II

Fill in the blanks with the best option to complete the text

1. By coincidence, the image of the sun as viewed from the Earth is nearly ___________ that
of the moon as viewed from the earth.
a. concomitant with b. homogenous with c. congruent with d. tantamount with
2. _______________ is intrinsic to language, but writers should nevertheless strive to be as
precise as possible.
a. Equivocation b. Malapropism c. Ambiguity d. Grandiloquence e. Innuendo
3. It is now clear that ice ages, far from being ______________, occur regularly.
a. glacial b. pervasive c. prodigious d. aberrant e. sublime
4. It is a ________that the accused was set free.
a. bad news b. disgraceful action c. rumour d. harmful
5. I _____ you to speak frankly about my performance.
a. to ask earnestly b. to be sure c. expect d. to hope
6. Ayurvedic drugs may be used to ________ allopathic treatment.
a. replace b. to make complete c. to discontinue d. supercede
7. She had already _________ the adventure.
a. intimated b. to let down c. summarized d. to tell
8. I do not like the _____ of that building. The entrance is too small, and there are no
windows in the lounge.
a. layout b. format c. content d. infringment
.

4
 IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

1.Choose the correct meaning of the following idioms/idiomatic phrases out of the given
alternatives.

1. To steal the show

a) To gain popularity
b) To rob someone of his wealth
c) To leave the show stealthily
d) To send someone out of show
2.To show the door
a) To extricate someone from service
b) To escort someone up to door
c) To repair the house door
d) To exaggerate about self
3.To push to the corner
a) To make someone insignificant
b) To fight with someone
c) To make a physical assault
d) To defeat someone in wrestling
4. To eat a humble pie
a) To eat a coarse food
b) To eat delicious food
c) To commit mistake and apologize
d) To give food to the poor.
5. Above board
a) To travel by a ship
b) To cross all the limits
c) To go on a voyage
d) Fair without any doubt
6.Overhead and ears
a) To cover one’s face
b) To work very hard

5
c) Completely, in all respects
d) To make one’s all efforts
7.On the brink of
a) To be very intimate
b)To go stray
c) To be very close to
d)To stroll on river side
8.To grease one’s palm
a) To bribe someone
b) To help the needy person
c) To massage one’s hand
d) To make an irritating gestures
9.A Lion’s share
a) A major share
b) An act of bravery
c) Food for a lion
d) A cage for a lion
10. Out and out
a) In a drunken condition
b) Completely
c) To drink wine
d) To turn someone out of home

2.Out of four alternatives given for idioms/phrases underlined in the following

sentences, choose one which expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase.

1. When his brother returned from the factory, he looked like a duck in a thunder storm.
a. Very handsome.b. Very tired.c. Very enthusiastic d. Distressed.
2.Ignoring his father’s warnings to him, he burnt his fingers by interfering in John’s affairs.
a. Got ashamed of b. Got himself into trouble c. Suffered monetary loss.
d. burnt his hand in fire.
3. I found his father having a cold feet in starting a new business.
a. Very confident about b. Too much interested c. reluctant
d. Over enthusiastic.
6
4. He had to eat a humble pie in starting a row with his neighbour over a trifle.
a. To feel sorry and apologize for a wrong b. to take simple food
c. To remain without food d.To be punished for doing something wrong.
5. By disobeying the orders of his boss, John stirred up a hornet’s nest.
a. to get severe punishment. b. To invite a trouble c. To make a protest
d. To be imprisoned.

READING COMPREHENSION
1. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
Speech is great blessings but it can also be great curse, for while it helps us to make
our intentions and desires known to our fellows, it can also if we use it carelessly, make our
attitude completely misunderstood. A slip of the tongue, the use of unusual word, or of an
ambiguous word, and so on, may create an enemy where we had hoped to win a friend.
Again, different classes of people use different vocabularies, and the ordinary speech of an
educated may strike an uneducated listener as pompous. Unwittingly, we may use a word
which bears a different meaning to our listener from what it does to men of our own class.
Thus speech is not a gift to use lightly without thought, but one which demands careful
handling. Only a fool will express himself alike to all kinds and conditions to men.

1. The best way to win a friend is to avoid.

a) irony in speech b) pomposity in speech c) verbosity in speech d) ambiguity in speech

2. While talking to an uneducated person, we should use

a) ordinary speech b) his vocabulary c) simple words d) polite language

3.If one used the same style of language with everyone, one would sound

a) lat b) boring c) foolish d) democratic

4.A 'slip of the tongue' means something said
a) wrongly by choice b) unintentionally c) without giving proper thought d) to hurt another
person

5.Speech can be curse, because it can

a) hurt others b) lead to carelessness c) create misunderstanding d) reveal our intentions

7
2. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
Courage is not only the basis of virtue; it is its expression. faith, hope, charity and all
the rest don't become virtues until it takes courage to exercise them. There are roughly two
types of courage. The first an emotional state which urges a man to risk injury or death, is
physical courage. The second, more reasoning attitude which enables him to take coolly his
career, happiness, his whole future or his judgement of what he thinks either right or
worthwhile, is moral courage.
I have known many men, who had marked physical courage, but lacked moral courage. Some
of them were in high places, but they failed to be great in themselves because they lacked
moral courage. On the other hand, I have seen men who undoubtedly possessed moral
courage but were very cautious about taking physical risks. But I have never met a man with
moral courage who couldn't, when it was really necessary, face a situation boldly.

1.A man of courage is

a) cunning b) intelligent c) careful d) curious

2. Physical courage is an expression of

a) emotions b) deliberations c) uncertainty d) defiance

3. A man with moral courage can

a) defy his enemies b) overcome all difficulties c) face a situation boldly d) be very pragmatic

4.People with physical courage of ten, lack

a) mental balance b) capacity for reasoning c) emotional stability d) will to fight

5.All virtues become meaningful because of

a) faith b) charity c) courage d) hope

8
3. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions

Most people have some common sense. When we see something suspicious on TV, in the
newspaper, or on the Internet, we roll our eyes and wonder how anyone could believe
something so stupid. Nevertheless, there are stories that even educated people still believe.
These tales may or may not be true, but they leave us wondering whether they are real or not.
On National Geographic Channel, these stories are dissected in full detail in the series Is It
Real 3.

Thousands of years ago, aliens landed on Earth. They tampered with the evolution of humans
and the results of this can be seen practically everywhere. Sound ridiculous? Not to some
people. Believe it or not, there are those who believe that alien astronauts had a hand
in making the human race what it is today. Travel back in time with Ancient Astronauts and
visit our "alien ancestors."

In the autumn of 1888, Jack the Ripper roamed the streets of London's East End. After his
reign of terror was over, five women had been butchered. To this day, the mystery of who
slaughtered these ladies remains unsolved. No one knows for sure, but the truth may be
revealed on Jack the Ripper.

Vampires. Just the thought of these fictional beasts is enough to make your blood run cold.
While we may think that they only come to life in books and movies, vampires are actually
based on real people. Historians, folklorists, scientists, and doctors all work together to
investigate the plausibility of vampires. Take a bite into this juicy mystery on Vampires.

No other channel can offer this type of programming other than National Geographic
Channel. In this unique series, they've stripped away 12 myths that have stood the test of time
to expose the truth and find out the answer to the question, Is It Real?

1. What type of person would believe these stories?

a) anyone with a fear of ghost b) a person without any common sense

c) anyone with a bit of imagination d) only educated people

9
2. Who was Jack the Ripper?

a) a notorious actor in London’s East End theatre district

b) a name assigned to a famous butcher c) a moniker assigned to an unknown murderer d) a

serial killer of hundreds of women in the 1800s

3. The truth about vampires may be known because ______

a) a novelist is looking into it

b) different people in different fields are weighing in on it

c) there's new evidence that can prove their existence

d) National Geographic Channel knows the truth

4. What is the purpose of this series?
a) to uncover the details about a series of murders.

b) to solve well-known crimes.

c) to hide the truth about fairy tales.

d) to take apart stories that people believe.

4.Read the passage carefully and answer the questions

Deserts have come to symbolize for us places of extreme heat. The fact is most of the famous
deserts of the world are places where the thermometer goes bubbling away and where the sun
beats down without mercy. But this does not mean that a desert must be a place where it is
always hot. If you find out the definition of a desert you will understand why this is so.

A desert is a region where only special forms of life can exist because there is a shortage of
moisture. In a 'hot' desert, there simply is not enough rainfall. So, the definition holds true.
But suppose there is a region where all water is frozen solid and cannot be used by plants.
This satisfies the definition too. Only it would make this a 'cold' desert.

Many people do not know that much of the Arctic is really a desert. There is very little
rainfall a year, and most of the water is frozen. So, it is quite properly called a desert. The
great Gobi Desert in the middle of Asia is bitterly cold in winter time.

10
Most of the dry, hot deserts with which we are familiar are found in two belts around the
world, just north and south of the Equator. They are caused by high atmospheric pressures
that exist in those areas which prevent rain from falling. Other deserts, which are found
farther away from the Equator, are the result of being in 'the rain shadow'. This is the name
for an effect that is caused by mountain barriers that catch rainfall on their seaward side and
leave the interior region dry.

Deserts differ greatly in appearance. Where sand is abundant, the winds may build sand hills

or dunes. These are sand deserts. Rock deserts consist mostly of bare rock, which forms
fantastic cliffs and hills. No great rivers originate in deserts. But a river may rise in moist
areas and cross great deserts on its way to the sea. The Nile, for example, flows through the
desert region of the Sahara.

The animals that exist in the desert are those that have managed to adapt themselves to its
conditions. They must be able to do without water for long periods, or be able to reach water
holes at great distances. The camel, for example, is highly adapted to desert life. It has
padded feet to walk on sand, a water-storing stomach, humps of fat as a reserve supply of
energy, and nostrils that can be closed to keep out sand during windstorms.

Many of the smaller desert creatures need to drink no water at all. They get what liquid they
need from the sap of food plants and from night dew on leaves or stones.

1. The most accurate definition of a desert is a region where

a) temperatures are extremely high

b) the sun beats down mercilessly
c) there is a lack of moisture
d) there are bitterly cold winters

2. Most deserts are

a) famous
b) dry and hot
c) dry and cold
d) wet and cold

3. The following are reasons why a desert is dry except

a) special forms of life exist there

b) it is so cold that water freezes
c) there are high atmospheric pressures in the area, preventing rainfall
d) it is in 'the rain shadow' area

4. Where are deserts found?

11
 a) In the Arctic
b) North and south of the Equator
c) Away from the Equator
d) Throughout the world

5. In the passage, the word abundant means

a) different
b) existing
c) plentiful
d) unlimited

6. Both sand and rock deserts are

a) sandy
b) windy
c) hilly
d) rocky.

7.Which of the following sources of water is not found in the desert ?

a) rivers
b) seas
c) water holes
d) dew

8. Which parts of the camel make it suitable for desert life?

12
 CLOZE EXERCISES

1. Choose the right option from the list to complete the passage

( past, blowing, by, scored ,past ,get, through, drops, score, since, against, heavily, through,
practicing, drops, mind, from, better, feeling, kick)

1. The sky was getting darker by the minute and strong wind was ______ across the field.
Soon, ______ of water were falling down ______ the overcast sky.
Peter did not ______ the rain at all. It was ______ than playing under the hot ______. He
liked the ______ of rain on his face and the cold sensation ______ it soaked through his
football jersey.
His team had been _____hard for the tournament. It had been two years ______ they last won
the Inter-Constituency Football Cup. Last year, in the game ____ Rockingham, their team
had lost ______ just one goal. They were determined to win the Cup back this year.
"Goal!”
His team had ______ again. Peter wanted to ______ the next goal. If only he could get
______ the two defenders, he would be able to ______ the ball into the goal easily.
He did not ______ to score his goal because the rain was pouring too ______ and the field
was getting too wet. As the boys ended their game and walked ______ the field, Peter
sneezed he felt and unpleasant tingle of coldness running ______ his body.

(that, male, when, latter, unlike, together, collect, other, member, in, after, such, laid, span,
during, over, with, rest, hatched, into )

2.The honey bee is a very unusual kind of insect. ______ other insects which live alone, the
honey bee lives as a ______ of a community. These bees live ______ in what is known as a
bee colony.

The head of the colony is called the queen bee. She is larger than the______ of the bees. Her
main task ______ the colony is to lay eggs. Most of the ______ bees are the worker bees.
These bees ______ nectar and pollen from flowers. The nectar ______ is carried by the
worker bees is deposited on the hive and then converted ______ honey. The worker bees also
help look ______ the young bees. As soon as the eggs are ______, the worker bees feed the

13
young bees ______ pollen and nectar. The third type of bee found in the colony is the drone
or ______ bee. The main task of ______ a bee is to mate with a new queen.

The queen bee has a life ______ of about three years. ______ this period, she would have
______ more than half a million eggs. ______ the queen bee is dying, a new queen would be
groomed. This new queen would eventually take ______ the 'duties' of the old queen when
the ______ dies.

(died, because, of, willing, so, broke, this, which, to, on, conditions, allowed, live, quickly,
spread, in, these, time, were, or)

3. The Black Death is the name of a disastrous plagues that ______ out in Europe in 1348. At
that ______, poor people lived in the manors of their employers. ______ was the feudal
system, in ______ the poor people, known as serfs, virtually belonged ______ their masters,
the lords.

The serfs usually lived ______ cramped and unhygienic environments in the lords' castles.
______ were so bad that diseases ______ very quickly. Black rats, which bred very ______
in such environments, ran around, carrying diseases ______ them. When ______ infected rats
bit other rats ______ human beings, the diseases ______ transmitted to their victims. This
became ______ widespread that many villages were wiped out and about one million people
______ in just two years because of the Black Death.

______ of this, fewer and fewer people were ______ to work or to ______ in the lords'
manors. They demanded to be ______ to rent their own land out ______ their pay. This was
the beginning of the abolition of the feudal system in Europe.

(an,on, by, we, in, at, to, for, any, has, had, with, some, they, which )

4.Man and machine. Together ______ make up the formidable fire-fighting force in Changi
Airport, ready to respond immediately ______ emergencies. The sheer number of passengers
involved and the speed ______ which the Airport Fire Rescue Service has to respond call
______ the highest standards of operational readiness that can be demanded from ______
service.

14
The number of passengers carried in today's wide-bodied aircraft, ______ can exceed 400,
coupled with the increased frequency of aircraft movements could result ______ a disaster
given an unfortunate combination of improbable events. The fire service______ to respond
literally within seconds.Changi Airport has won international acclaim as ______ excellent
airport, but fine buildings do not make fine airports without services such as that provided
______ the fire department.

15
 JUMBLED SENTENCES

1. Arrange the following sentences in correct sequence

• is by no means a biological evolution, but it is a cultural one.

i)It

ii)His imagination, his reason, his emotional subtlety and toughness, makes it possible for
him not to accept the environment but to change.

iii)And that series of inventions by which man from age by age has reshaped his
environment is a different kind of evolution.

iv)Among the multitude of animals which scamper, burrow swim around us he is in the
only one who is not locked in to his environment.

v)That brilliant sequence of cultural peaks can most appropriately be termed the ascent of
man.

2. Arrange the following sentences in correct sequence

i) Politeness is not a quality possessed by only one nation or race.

ii)One may observe that a man of one nation will remove his hat or fold his hands by

way of greetings when he meets someone he knows.

iii) A man of another country will not to do so.

iv) It is a quality to be found among all peoples and nations in every corner of the earth.

v) Obviously, each person follows the custom of his particular country.

vi) In any case, we should not mock at others habits.

3.Arrange the following sentences in correct sequence

i) Secondly, we can heat the steel above a certain critical temperature, and then allow it

to cool at different rates.

ii) We can alter the characteristics of steel in various ways.

iii) Annealing has a second advantage.

iv) In the process known as annealing, we heat the steel above the critical temperature

and permit it to cool very slowly.

16
v) This causes the metal to become softer than before, and much easier to machine.

vi) At this critical temperature, changes begin to take place on the molecular structures of

the metal.

vii) It helps to relieve any internal stresses, which exist in the metal.

viii) In the first place, steel, which contains very little carbon, will be milder than steel,

which contains a higher percentage of carbon.

4. Arrange the following sentences in correct sequence

i) This could be easily adapted for use by local authorities.

ii) Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled.

iii) Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to

the dairies, washed out and refilled.

iv) On top of that, more and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles.

v) A machine has been developed that pulps papers then processes it into packaging.

E.g., egg boxes and cartons.

vi) It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-

paper, with a different dustbin for each.

vii) And now with massive increase in paper prices, the time has come, at which

collection by local authorities could be profitable.

viii) But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastics.

5. Arrange the following sentences in correct sequence

i) Human beings can walk, run, swim, and so on, but robots are usually confined to one

place.

ii) Another advantage human beings have is the way the same person can do jobs as

different as making a cup of tea or designing a new machine.

iii) It is known fact that robots have many advantages over human beings.

17
iv) Taking into account all these factors, it should be remembered that robots owe their

existence, to human beings.

v) However, it is also true that humans can do many things that robots can’t.

vi) For example, humans can carry out a task without having to be told exactly how to do

it, they don’t have to be programmed.

vii) And unlike robots, people can know whether what they are doing is good or bad and

whether it is boring or interesting.

viii) Even if the robots are able to move, they can do so, only in a very limited way.

18
 Youths of India
Introduction
India is a beautiful country with a very vast diversity in its culture, language,
terrain. Yet we live together happily. Many nations have wondered how such a diversity could be
tolerated yet we stand together and loved to be called only as Indians. Yet the most important
diversity to be noted in all nations especially in India is the age groups. Based on the
classification, India has the largest youth population in the world. That means, we have at present
with us a hardworking and patriotic young men who must be nurtured properly with proper
education of International standards, guidance and awareness. This essay would deal about the
youth’s present situation in India, the struggles and humiliation they face.
Youth population across globe
With 356 million 10-24-year-olds, India has the world’s largest youth
population despite having a smaller population than China, a latest UN report said on Tuesday .
China is second with 269 million young people, followed by Indonesia (67 million), the U.S. (65
million) and Pakistan (59 million), Nigeria with 57 million, Brazil with 51 million, and
Bangladesh with 48 million, the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) State of the
World’s Population report said. It is said that developing countries with large youth populations
could see their economies soar, provided they invest heavily in young people’s education and
health and protect their rights.
Within this generation are 600 million adolescent girls with specific needs,
challenges and aspirations for the future, the report said. The report titled ‘The power of 1.8
billion’, said 28 per cent of India’s population is 10 to 24-year-olds, adding that the youth
population is growing fastest in the poorest nations. Global number of youths is highest ever. As
the world is home to 1.8 billion young people between the ages of 10 and 24 year, 9 in 10 of the
world’s young population live in less developed countries.
Never have there been so many young people. Never again is there likely to
be such potential for economic and social progress. How we meet the needs and aspirations of
young people will define our common future.
Modern in Appearance but Backward in Thought
Indian youth are certainly becoming more modern in their appearance
and consumption habits, “but their thoughts and views reflect a troubling inclination towards
intolerance and conservatism”, says a national survey of their attitudes, anxieties and
aspirations.It was carried out in April-May 2016 in 19 States.On the lately contentious subject of
beef consumption, 46% disagreed with the liberal sentiment that “consumption of beef is part of
personal eating habits and nobody should have an objection”, while only 36% agreed with it.
However, 40% of non-vegetarian Hindu youth and 90% of Left supporters had no problem with
beef consumption. However still the youths of India don’t believe much in live-in relationships.
According to the statistics,67% opposed those types of relationships. Even the youth of India
doesn’t support the inter caste marriage about 45% of them opposed this practice. Still the youth
of India remain male chauvinist with 51% agreed with the proposition that “wives should always
listen to their husbands”. These kinds of thoughts only provoke violence against women. The
main reason for insecurity among women is due to such thoughts prevailing in men’s mind.
While acceptance for the idea of inter-caste marriage had risen, from 31% in 2007 to 55% in
2016, the reported incidence of inter-caste marriages among respondents was only 4%. Over
84% of the married youth had had an arranged marriage, compared to the 6% that reported a love
marriage. While one-third of those with a love marriage had married outside their caste, 97% of
arranged marriages were found to be within caste. Arranged marriage was also the preference
among the unmarried, with 50% saying they would like their parents to take the decision
regarding their life partner. Only 12% expressed a preference for love marriage. The survey also
found Indian youth to be quite religious, with 78% of the respondents stating that they prayed
often, while 68% reported going to a place of religious worship frequently.
Modern values such as gender equality did not seem to have much
purchase. The survey also found strong support for existing quota for SC-ST and OBCs in
government jobs, with 48% in favour and 26% against.
It is clearly seen from these surveys how youth of our nation are
backward in their thoughts and actions. We couldn’t blame our youth for such response because
they grow into a youth through many struggles and what their parents believe is good is followed
by our youth blindly.
India’s youth, a blessing or curse
At the present situation, I would stand by the statement that youth of our
nation is a blessing. It’s almost a wonderful opportunity for us to showcase our talent and hard-
work through such a workforce. By 2020, the average age in India will be 29 and it is set to
become the world’s youngest country with 64% of its population in the working age group. With
Western Europe, the US, South Korea, Japan and even China aging, this demographic potential
offers India and its growing economy an unprecedented edge that economists believe could add a
significant 2% to the GDP growth rate.
However Western Europe, the US, South Korea, Japan and China have grown
rich before they have grown old. They invested in education and skills, health, empowerment
and employment and ensured women joined the workforce, as they were empowered to plan
their families. India is currently enjoying a ‘demographic dividend’, which means, it has a higher
labour force than the population dependent on it. While this may appear a reason for blissful
complacency, it must be remembered that by the latter half of the century India will have an
increasingly aging population, yet the country lacks a social security net adequate for the needs
of its people.
Youth is an age when we are in rage. We would have a fire within us to achieve something. This
is the age where we learn many important things in our life which affects our personality and
importantly our character itself. Sometimes this urge to achieve some things in our life may
backfire and it might result in the heart breakdown of many and if these groups can join (which
is far easier nowadays thanks to social media) then they could be able to protest or even wage a
war against their own government.
HenrikUrdal of the Harvard Kennedy school finds that globally, it is nearly all young men who
fight in wars or commit violent crimes and found that a “youth bulge” made them more strife-
prone. When 15-24-year-olds made up more than 35% of the adult population—as is common in
developing countries, the risk of conflict was 150% higher than with a rich-country age profile.
Nowadays youths of our Nation have realised the ethics and moral conducts of
life at the very early age of their lifespan. They are creative, intelligent but carry a social burden
on their shoulders which clearly reduces their performances in international levels. It is evident
from the fact that the youth of our nation wants to go abroad as the work pay for them is higher
than their own motherland. These insecurity in their job payments make them attracted towards
multinational companies based on foreign countries. These thoughts among youth must change.
They are helping other developed countries improve their economy while ours is rotting over
here.
Youths of our Nation have grown responsible too following the footsteps of
Dr.A.P.J.AbdulKalam. They have even used ‘ahimsa’ for their protests following the footsteps of
MahathmaGandhiji. It is clearly evident from the protest held at Marina by our TN youths which
made the whole world turn. Many leaders were baffled to see how the youth responded to such a
social issue.
Nowadays there are a great awareness among the youth about the importance
of blood donation. Though our India ranks low in blood donors among other countries there has
been a significance increase in number of Blood donors. The usage of tobacco among the youth
has been significantly reduced. The Youths of our Nation are turning more responsible on the
course of days.
Role of Government & Problems faced by Youths:
Government’s role plays an important part in the contribution of Youth to
their nation. If the government realises the current struggles which the youth face and resolve
those issues then they would gain a trust from youths. The Employment is the major factor which
the government must provide to its youth. With such a huge surge in youth population, it would
be extremely difficult for the government to provide jobs to many. It is in the hands of youth to
develop their own skills to compete among the masses. Government should allocate more funds
for helping the start-ups. In this way, the number of youth who travel to foreign countries for a
better pay might reduce significantly and this might result in surge in GDP. As discussed earlier,
there is a great potential for India to increase their GDP to 2% if they utilise the youth workforce
effectively.
Government must also nourish them with the knowledge of very high
standards. They must provide training centres for youth to furnish their skills or gain one. They
must also enforce the youth to play sports. They must find talent among youth and nourish them.
Sadly, politics play a very large role in it. Youth with high financial status succeed whereas the
one with big dreams get crushed often. The Government must conduct a National Hunt for talent
among the youth in various fields not only in sports but also in many aspects. A Nation of more
than 2 billion population and highest youth population is incapable of getting even a single gold
medal in Olympics. It’s a great shame! There are lot to be learnt from other countries, their
support for the youth. Here is a perfect example of how to use the talent and youth work force
effectively: -
UK was considered ineffective in sports. Even in athletics, a traditional
strong point, Britain was failing. At the Atlanta Games in 1996, the UK won just one gold medal.
They lacked funding for sports projects. They turned the most harmful thing into an most useful
one – THE GAMBLING. They used the lottery money to fund those sports development and
training projects. In almost every respect, the results have been transformational, enabling elite
sportsmen and women to train full time to the most exacting of standards across a whole range of
disciplines which had previously been the preserve of part-time amateurs. Britain sits second to
the United States in the league table of Olympic medal winners in Rio de Janeiro, above China,
above the discredited Russia, and streets ahead of Germany, France and Italy. UK Sport has
ploughed a record £355m – the vast bulk of it lottery money – into preparing British athletes for
the Rio Olympics and Paralympics. They prepared their sportsmen to world standards. But we
live in a country where sports is only considered as a hobby. Youth who possess great skills in
sports had their dreams crushed by the society. The main reason is the lack of funding and proper
pay to those deserved sportsmen.
Conclusion:
Youths don’t even get to live their own life. They couldn’t decide on their own due to
many factors like family, society, financial issues. They are not ready to risk for what they want.
If we provide freedom for youth to choose their life on their own and lead I ton their own, then
their self-confidence would rise manifold and they would ready as a knight to face any sort of
problems in life and take India to great new level. Each and every youth must pledge that he
would work sincerely for the development of nation.
JAI HIND!!!!
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

INTRODUCTION
Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image
processing on digital images. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image
processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of
algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise
and signal distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions perhaps
more, digital image processing may be modelled in the form of multidimensional systems.

HISTORY
Many of the techniques of digital image processing, or digital picture processing as it often was
called, were developed in the 1960s at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Bell Laboratories, University of Maryland, and a few other research facilities, with
application to satellite imagery, wire-photo standards conversion, medical imaging, videophone,
character recognition, and photograph enhancement. The cost of processing was fairly high,
however, with the computing equipment of that era. That changed in the 1970s, when digital
image processing proliferated as cheaper computers and dedicated hardware became available.
Images then could be processed in real time, for some dedicated problems such as television
standards conversion. As general-purpose computers became faster, they started to take over the
role of dedicated hardware for all but the most specialized and computer-intensive operations.
With the fast computers and signal processors available in the 2000s, digital image processing
has become the most common form of image processing and generally, is used because it is not
only the most versatile method, but also the cheapest.
Digital image processing technology for medical applications was inducted into the Space
Foundation Space Technology Hall of Fame in 1994.
In 2002 RaananFattel, introduced Gradient domain image processing, a new way to process
images in which the differences between pixels are manipulated rather than the pixel values
themselves.

USES OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Digital image processing allows the use of much more complex algorithms, and hence, can offer
both more sophisticated performance at simple tasks, and the implementation of methods which
would be impossible by analog means.
Digital image processing is the only practical technology for
• Classification
• Feature extraction
• Multi-scale signal analysis
• Pattern recognition
• Projection
TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN IMAGE PROCESSING
▪ Anisotropic diffusion
▪ Hidden Markov models
▪ Image editing
▪ Image restoration
▪ Independent component analysis
▪ Linear filtering
▪ Neural networks
▪ Partial differential equations
▪ Pixelation
▪ Principal components analysis
▪ Self-organizing maps
▪ Wavelets

APPLICATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING

Image editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital
photographs, traditional photochemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image
editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs, or
editing illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be
broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the
primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images. Many image
editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch.
Raster images are stored in a computer in the form of a grid of picture elements, or pixels. These
pixels contain the image's color and brightness information. Image editors can change the pixels
to enhance the image in many ways. The pixels can be changed as a group, or individually, by
the sophisticated algorithms within the image editors. This article mostly refers to bitmap
graphics editors, which are often used to alter photographs and other raster graphics. However,
vector graphics software, such as Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW, Xara Designer Pro, PixelStyle
Photo Editor, Inkscape or Vectr, are used to create and modify vector images, which are stored
as descriptions of lines, Bézier curves, and text instead of pixels. It is easier to rasterize a vector
image than to vectorize a raster image; how to go about vectorizing a raster image is the focus of
much research in the field of computer vision. Vector images can be modified more easily,
because they contain descriptions of the shapes for easy rearrangement. They are also scalable,
being rasterizable at any resolution.
Camera or computer image editing programs often offer basic automatic image enhancement
features that correct color hue and brightness imbalances as well as other image editing features,
such as red eye removal, sharpness adjustments, zoom features and automatic cropping. These
are called automatic because generally they happen without user interaction or are offered with
one click of a button or mouse button or by selecting an option from a menu. Additionally, some
automatic editing features offer a combination of editing actions with little or no user interaction.

APPLICATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING IN REAL LIFE PROJECTS

• FACIAL RECOGNITION
 A face recognition system is a computer application capable of identifying or verifying a
person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. One of the ways to do
this is by comparing selected facial features from the image and a face database.
It is typically used in security systems and can be compared to other biometrics such as
fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems. Recently, it has also become popular as a
commercial identification and marketing tool.
Samsung has introduced eye iris recognition software in S8 and S8+
It is the next step in mobile security. At present, there are many banks which use this
facility to lock their money.
• SELF DRIVING
Though its not entirely based on image processing. It certainly uses a part of
image processing. While travelling a camera might be fixed at top and images may be
stored in computers and steering movements are recorded using a sensor and stored on
computer. While returning the machine drove the vehicle with the gained knowledge.
These are known as self-learning machine. It just compared the real time image that is
currently obtained from the camera with the image already present in computer and
performed the same steering action as the human did using the recorded data.
Tesla has been implementing such systems in their cars.

CONCLUSION
Image processing is a very wide topic with still more exciting features to be uncovered. It
requires research and development intensively to make our present fiction projects into real life
instruments.
 COVERING LETTER

From Chennai

V.Sathyanarayana 02-09----
Sri Sairam Engineering College
III rd Year EEE

To
The Manager
HR Department
Samsung electronics
Chennai.

Respected Sir,

SUB : Application for the post of Assistant Engineer – reg.

I wish to apply for the post of Assistant Engineer advertised in the ‘THE TIMES OF INDIA” on
2/09/2017.
I am currently studying in Sri Sairam Engineering College at Tambaram. I have become
particularly interested in smartphone hardwares and now wish to develop my career in that
direction. As you can see in the enclosed resume, I have a very strong academic background in
electronics. Moreover, my recent in-plant training at Kaashiv Infotech allowed me to further
develop and strengthen my technical skills. Having undergone the training with a leading firm in
the field, I understand the level of professionalism and communication required for long-term
success in this field. As my academic background and goals seem to match your requirements
well, I so believe that I could make a significant and valuable contribution in your firm.
I would surely welcome the chance to work as part of a small dynamic team where I could make
a significant contribution while developing my skills yet further. I would be happy to show you
a portfolio of my work.
Thank you for your time and consideration

Yours Sincerely,

V.Sathiyanarayana.
Pls check the alignment at the top corner you have to mention place and date
RESUME
OBJECTIVE

To obtain a position as an Assistant Engineer.

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

S.No DEGREE INSTITUITION PERCENTAGE YEAR OF

PASSING
1. B.E.EEE Sri 88% 2019
SairamEngineering
College.
2. HSC P.S. Matric. Hr. Sec. 93% 2015
School.
3. SSLC Chettinadvidhyashram 96% 2013

SEMINARS/WORKSHOP

• Workshops on Aurdino and robotics.

• IOT
• Workshop on artificial intelligence

TECHNICAL SKILLS

• Programming Languages : Java, Python, Perl.

• Operating Systems : Windows, vista, ios.
• Technical Software : Auto CADD and MS - Office
PAPERS PRESENTED

• Presented a paper titled “Artificial minds” in TCS ONE FUTUREConference, organized

by TCS, Siruseri on August 20, 2017.

INPLANT TRAINING

• BSNL ltd. Electrical and Electronics department, Chennai

• HP services, Bangalore.
• Kaashiv electronics, Bangalore.
CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

• Won an Active Committee member in organizing the Department Technical

Symposium “PROKRAFT”.
• Was part of the “SMOKIN BREZES” team representing the college in the
“FORMULA GREEN” national level racing event organized by the Association of
Electrical engineering

EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

• Anchored technical and cultural events at School level.

• Won the 4 consecutive First Position in the drawing and sketching competition at
School level.
• 3 crowd active stand ups in Chennai and Bangalore.

PERSONAL STRENGTH:
• Adapt to all environment.
• Gathering of information in various fields.
• Self-Confidence and great patience.
• Maintaining punctuality.
• Work together with my co-workers in all basis
REFERENCES
• HOD,
EEE department,
Sri Sai Ram Engineering College.

PERSONAL DETAILS

Father’s Name : D. Varadarajan

Mother’s Name : V.Sumathi (late)
Date of Birth : 26-02-1998
Sex : Male
Marital Status : Single
Nationality : Indian
Languages known : Tamil, Hindi and English
Hobbies : Listening song lyrics, Playing cricket, Chess.
Strength : observing my surrounding.
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the above given information are true to the best of
my knowledge.

Date : 27.02.2018

Place : Chennai