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Issued: June 2002

$%% To guarantee structured and effective envi- environmental impact. Figure 1 shows the
$XWRPDWLRQ ronmental work within the company, ABB various life cycle phases for force measure-
Automation Technology Products has imple- ment products that are subject to environmen-
7HFKQRORJ\ mented the ISO 14001 environmental man- tal assessment. Based on the defined area of
3URGXFWVDQG agement system. The system in itself is not a measurement, material and energy consump-
goal; it only provides guidelines for how tion, and waste and emission, amounts are
WKH environmental work shall be carried out. To inventoried and quantified.
HQYLURQPHQW show the results of our environmental work
and to present the environmental performance
of our products, the division for Substation Raw material
Automation is introducing environmental extraction

product declarations for the product line.

Manufacture of
components
Manufacturing
At the division, our products’ environmental
performance levels and environmental char- Raw materials
Transportation of
components
Energy
acteristics are determined by: Emissions

Wastes
Manufacture of
• /LIH&\FOH$VVHVVPHQW/&$, based on the products

international standards ISO 14040-43.

Distribution Distribution
LCA and its methods have been used to and
usage
provide a comprehensive picture of how
Raw materials
our products affect the environment. Energy Usage

• (FRHIILFLHQWGHVLJQprimarily addresses en01000348.eps

the dismantling and recycling aspects that
Figure 1: Studied life cycle for Substation Auto-
cannot be quantified with conventional mation
LCAs. These environmental aspects have
been evaluated by the concerned design-
ers and product managers at the division. In the following environmental impact
assessment, information attained during
inventorying is interpreted in terms that
describe potential environmental impact.
/&$DQGLWVJHQHUDO Environmental impact assessments are pre-
PHWKRGRORJ\ pared through classification and characteriza-
In accordance with the international stan- tion, where inventory data during
dards, LCA is prepared with descriptions of classification is grouped with respect to envi-
goals and scopes, inventories, and environ- ronmental impact. During the following char-
mental impact assessments. acterization process, weighed appraisals are
made of inventory data within the respective
System boundaries, among other things, are environmental impact categories. This is
established when describing goals and done because grouped inventory data influ-
scopes.These limits define the areas to be ence the individual environmental impact cat-
measured and studied for any given type of egories to various extents.
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Characterization results in inventory data numeric values, expressed as equivalents. In

within the respective environmental impact Figure 2, the various environmental impact
categories being converted into single categories considered for products are shown.

Inventory Classification/Characterization

Lead Photo-chemical Human toxicity

VOC oxidant formation E.g., Cadmium,
SO2 E.g., CH, lead, mercury
Silver ethylene
NH4
H2SO4 Greenhouse Nutrification
CO2 effect E.g., NO, P, N, NOX
Nickel E.g., N2O, CO2,
methane
CH4
NH3
Copper Depletion of Eco-toxicity
ozone layer E.g., Arsenic, lead,
SO3 E.g., CFCs, halons cadmium, zinc
Iron
CFC
Gold
Depletion of Acidification
Zinc abiotic resources E.g., SO2, NO,
NOX E.g., Copper, lead, HCl, NOX
Aluminum gold, zinc, silver

en01000349.eps

Figure 2: Classification and characterization of inventoried data

Table 1 presents the units used for the various For additional information about LCA and its
environmental impact categories. methodology, see ISO 14040-43.

7DEOH 8QLWVIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWFDWHJRULHV
(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFW 8QLWV (TXLYDOHQWV
FDWHJRU\
Greenhouse effect kg carbon dioxide (GWP 100)
Acidification kg sulfur dioxide (AP)
Abiotic depletion kg silver
Nutrification kg phosphate (NP)
Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 (ODP)
Photochemical oxidant forma- kg ethylene (POCP)
tion
Eco-toxicity (water) m3 water exposed to maximum acceptable limits (ECA)
Human toxicity (air) kg of a human body exposed to the maximum acceptable
limit for intake of air pollution (HCA)
Human toxicity (water) kg of a human body exposed to the maximum acceptable
limit for intake of water pollution (HCW)

(QYLURQPHQWDO 0DQXIDFWXULQJ
SHUIRUPDQFH In Table 2 the environmental impact is shown group is based on the products marked bold.
for the manufacture of the division’s prod- The environmental impact for the 500-series
/&$ ucts. COMBIFLEX family, they have been for a minimal and maximal configured prod-
grouped, where the impact for the respective uct.
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(QYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWFDWHJRU\

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*UHHQKRXVHHIIHFW

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2]RQHGHSOHWLRQ

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ZDWHU

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3URGXFW
5(;;; 67.2 0.4 0.3 2.3E-2 2.8E-05 7.1E-2 1.5E-03 0.7 2.0E-03
Minimal
VHULHV

configured
5(;;;, 94.0 0.5 0.5 3.4E-2 4.3E-05 0.1 2.1E-03 1.0 2.2E-03
Maximum
configured

5;./ 1.9 1.0E-02 1.2E-02 9.3E-04 8.0E-07 1.5E-03 7.4E-05 1.8E-02 7.2E-06
RXKA1
RXMB1
RXMC1
RXMD1
RXIK1
RXMT1
5;0( 2.3 1.2E-02 1.6E-02 1.2E-03 4.2E-07 1.1E-03 6.8E-05 1.7E-02 4.1E-06
RXMA1
RXMM1
RXFS1
5;('$ 2.5 1.4E-02 1.6E-02 1.2E-03 1.2E-06 2.5E-03 9.0E-05 2.7E-02 1.2E-05
&20%,)/(; 1

RXETB1
5;06 3.1 1.6E-02 1.7E-02 1.2E-03 5.0E-07 1.3E-03 1.1E-04 2.4E-02 1.6E-05
57;3 3.1 1.7E-02 2.3E-02 1.8E-03 6.3E-07 1.6E-03 9.7E-05 2.5E-02 2.0E-06
5;.0+ 3.6 2.0E-02 2.3E-02 1.8E-03 1.6E-06 3.1E-03 1.4E-04 3.5E-02 1.5E-05
RXMB2
RXMD2
5;,'.+ 4.2 2.2E-02 2.7E-02 2.0E-03 1.6E-06 3.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.8E-02 1.4E-05
RXIDG21H
RXEDK2H
RXFK2H
RXLK2H
RXVK2H
RXTUG 22H
5;09% 4.6 2.2E-02 3.0E-02 2.2E-03 8.4E-07 2.1E-03 1.9E-04 3.2E-02 1.2E-05
RXMA2
RXMH2
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IRUPDWLRQ

ZDWHU

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5;3'.+ 5.9 3.2E-02 3.5E-02 2.6E-03 2.4E-06 5.2E-03 1.8E-04 5.9E-02 2.8E-05
RXISK2H
RXPPK2H
RXZK2H
57;3 7.0 3.9E-02 5.2E-02 4.0E-03 1.4E-06 3.6E-03 2.2E-04 5.7E-02 4.4E-06
5;09% 8.5 4.2E-02 5.3E-02 4.4E-03 1.2E-06 3.6E-03 2.2E-04 6.6E-02 1.9E-05
57;3 9.4 5.1E-02 6.9E-02 5.3E-03 1.9E-06 4.8E-03 2.9E-04 7.6E-02 5.9E-06
5;+/ 13.0 7.5E-02 7.6E-02 5.8E-03 7.3E-06 1.6E-02 3.8E-04 1.5E-01 7.4E-05
RXIDK4
RXIIK4

Frame (4U) 8.0 1.6E-02 3.6E-02 1.6E-03 3.8E-07 3.6E-03 5.8E-05 2.1E-02 3.7E-06
Test switch 20.9 0.1 0.1 9.7E-03 2.5E-06 1.1E-2 4.1E-04 0.1 1.6E-05
(RTXP24)
$FFHVVRULHV

with case
(RHGS6) 2
Apparatus bar 7.4E-02 1.1E-04 3.1E-04 1.1E-05 - 3.3E-05 9.9E-09 1.4E-04 3.4E-08
(6C)
Wire units 0.2 1.4E-03 1.8E-03 1.6E-04 9.6E-12 2.0E-04 6.4E-07 2.4E-03 1.4E-08
(1 metre)
1) The environmental impact for COMBIFLEX includes terminal bases.
2) The environmental impact includes wire units.

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In contrast to product manufacture, environ- In Table 3, environmental impact is shown
mental impact from transportation to custom- for two means of distribution for the com-
ers is dependent on where customer pany’s products (average values), as well as
operations are situated. Usage is dependent environmental impact for electricity produc-
on which energy sources are used for electri- tion (average European values).
cal production.
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+XPDQWR[LFLW\ ZDWHU
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(FRWR[LFLW\ ZDWHU
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Truck (tonkm) 0.2 1.4E-03 1.4E-03 2.6E-04 - 6.0E-05 1.2E-07 1.9E-03 1.4E-09
Air (tonkm) 1.8 6.5E-03 1.3E-02 1.0E-03 - 3.5E-04 1.1E-06 8.8E-03 1.3E-08
Electrical 0.1 8.8E-04 4.9E-04 3.8E-09 8.7E-09 3.1E-05 3.1E-06 1.2E-03 1.3E-06
power (MJ)

In Table 4 power consumption is presented

for a typical configuration for the various
application areas within force measurement.
Power consumption, after operation is pre-
sented for the COMBIFLEX family.

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3RZHUFRQVXPSWLRQ 3RZHUFRQVXPSWLRQDIWHU
3URGXFW QRUPDORSHUDWLRQ :DWWV 
RSHUDWLRQ :DWWV 
5(;;; Minimal config- 20
VHULHV

ured
5(;;;, Maximum config- 60
ured
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3URGXFW QRUPDORSHUDWLRQ :DWWV 
RSHUDWLRQ :DWWV 
RXMB1 03 2.0
RXMD1 0 3 1.4
RXMH2 0 3 4.6
RXKL1 0 3 2.5
RXMS1 03 7
RXKA1 0 3 2.4
RXMA1, RXMA2, RXMB2, 0 3

RXMC1, RXMD2, RXME1,

RXKM2H, RXMM1, RXMT1,
RXMVB4, RXSF1
RXMVB2 03 3.0
&20%,)/(;

RXEDA1 0.4-2.5 3.1

RXEDK2H 1.3-2.3
RXETB1 1.2
RXFK2H, RXLK2H 2.0-2.3
RXHL4 3.0-3.5 6
RXIDG21H 1.3-1.4
RXIDK2H 1.3-2.1 2
RXVK2H 1.3-2.1
RXIDK4, RXIIK4 3.5-4.0
RXIK1 0.7
RXISK2H, RXPPK2H, 3.0-3.4
RXZK2H
RXPDK2H 3.0-3.4 3
RXTUG22H 3.5 1.5
1) The lowest value in the interval for COMBIFLEX that presents in the table refer to auxiliary voltage only. The highest
value refer to auxiliary voltage including power when measuring input feeds with rated current and/or rated voltage.
2) Power consumption, maximal operation (Watts).
3) In some applications will these relays be continuously energized. The power will be within the range 1-3 W.

Figure 3, 5 and 4 shows how environmental operation shows the energy consumption. For
impact is distributed over the studied life those products which do not consume power
cycle phases for a typical product for a during normal operation the environmental
COMBIFLEX product and for a 500-product, impact will be missing.
where the environmental impact from the
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Distribution
100% (air 1000 km)
90%
80% Distribution
70% (highway 1000 km)
60%
50% Usage (10 years,
40% continuous operation)
30%
Manufacturing
20%
10%
0%
en01000350.eps

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tion

tion

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tion

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Figure 3: Environmental impact from the life cycle of the product

Distribution
100% (air 1000 km)
90%
80% Distribution
70% (highway 1000 km)
60%
50% Usage (10 years,
40% continuous operation)
30%
Manufacturing
20%
10%
0%
en01000425.eps
n
tion

tion

form ical
tion

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fect

n
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ity (
ant hem

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Acid

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oxid hotoc
tic d

ne d
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oxic
an t
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Abio

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Gre

Eco

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Figure 4: Environmental impact from the life cycle of a 500-product.

Distribution
100% (air 1000 km)
90%
80% Distribution
70% (highway 1000 km)
60%
50% Usage (10 years,
40% continuous operation)
30%
Manufacturing
20%
10%
0%
en01000424.eps
n
tion

tion

form ical
tion

er)
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n
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wat
ity (
ant hem

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ifica

eple

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Figure 5: Environmental impact from the life cycle of a COMBIFLEX product.

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(FRHIILFLHQWGHVLJQ
In Table 5 "Electronics" environmental
aspects are presented that cannot be examined
(quantified) with a conventional LCA.

7DEOH (OHFWURQLFV
(QYLURQPHQWDODVSHFWV <HV 1R &RPPHQWV
3URGXFW 'LVPDQWOLQJ5HF\FOLQJ
Components containing hazardous materials are X Materials with known environmentally haz-
easy to identify ardous properties are used on circuit boards.
They are not actively marked.
Components containing hazardous materials are X Circuit boards and cables are easy to
easy to remove. remove.
Mechanical plastic details are marked according X
to ISO 11469.
Gluing and/or welding of mechanical details X
VHULHV

exists.
Metallizing and metal inserts in mechanical details
exist.
Plating, painting and other coating exist on X
mechanical details.
Dismantling can be carried out using just a few X
basic standard tools.
Fastening elements are easily accessible for dis- X
mantling products.
Employs fastening elements that enable non- X
destructive dismantling.
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(QYLURQPHQWDODVSHFWV <HV 1R &RPPHQWV

Components containing hazardous material are X Materials with known environmentally haz-
easy to identify. ardous properties are circuit board, contacts
(lead), socket and locking clip (beryllium).
These components are not actively marked.
Components containing hazardous material can X Circuit boards, cables, contacts, socket and
easily be removed locking clips can easily be removed.
Mechanical plastic details are marked according X The standard marking consists of a Letter-
to ISO11469. and number code to inform which type and
content of plastic (plastpolymer), filling sub-
stance and softener.
&20%,)/(;

Mechanical plastic details contains brominated X

flame retardant.
Gluing and/or welding of mechanical details exist. X Are used in test switch and in terminal bases
Metallizing and metal inserts in mechanical details X
exist.
Dismantling can be carried out using just a few X A standard tool is defined as a tool that is
basic standard tools. commercially available

Fastening elements are easily accessible for dis- X

mantling products.
Employs fastening elements that enable non- X The separated units should be intact in the
destructive dismantling. product structure.

Components containing hazardous materials are X Materials with known environmentally haz-
easy to identify ardous properties are used on wiring (PVC
and beryllium in sockets).
Components containing hazardous materials are X Wirings are easy to remove.
$FFHVVRULHV

easy to remove.
Dismantling can be carried out using just a few (X) In COMBIFLEX a special tool is needed to
basic standard tools. remove wirings from terminal bases.
Fastening elements are easily accessible for dis- X
mantling products.
Employs fastening elements that enable non- X
destructive dismantling.
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2WKHU 0DWHULDOFRQWHQW
HQYLURQPHQWDO The figure 7, 6 and 8 shows the material for a
DVSHFWV typical product within the COMBIFLEX
family, the 500-series and the test system
COMBITEST.

Glass fibre 5% Epoxy 4% Iron 4% Nickel 3%

Aluminium 1%
Aluminium 7% Copper 6% Cobalt 0,4%
Tin 0,4%
Plastic 5% Lead 0,3%
Zinc 0,3%
Brominated
flame
retardants
0,06%
Silver 0,002%
Silicon 0,01%
Gold 0,01%
Circuit board
34%
Others 6%

Steel 48%
Copper 9%
en01000352.eps

Figure 6: Material content, 500-series

Glass fibre 7% Epoxy 5% Iron 5% Nickel 4%

Steel 7% Copper 8% Aluminium 1%

Cobalt 0,5%
Tin 0,5%
Lead 0,4%
Zinc 0,3%
Brominated
flame
retardants
0,07%
Silver 0,002%
Circuit board Silicon 0,01%
42% Gold 0,01%

Others 6%
Thermoplastic 43%
Copper 9%
en01000351.eps

Figure 7: Material content, COMBIFLEX

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Silver 0,4%
Steel 4% Lead 0,2%

Copper 28%

Thermoplastic 68% en01000426.eps

Figure 8: Material content, COMBITEST

'LVFKDUJHGSURGXFWV
While force measurement products are prima- shall be sent to a recycling facility. At the
rily constructed of steel and plastic, circuit recycling facility, materials that can be used
boards and wiring are also extensively used. as raw materials for new products are recy-
These components contain materials of con- cled, and hazardous materials are processed
siderable value, from the environmental per- in an environmentally correct manner.
spective. For this reason, worn-out products

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Control & Force Measurement
Substation Automation
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Tel: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Fax: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18