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Unit 5

Earthquakes occur due to movement of tectonic plates under the Earth's surface. The energy from strain buildup between plates is released as seismic waves when one plate shifts. Magnitude scales measure the energy released or intensity of shaking, with the Richter Scale quantifying energy and the Mercalli Scale quantifying damage. Key factors affecting earthquake damage include population density, monitoring systems, preparedness, and infrastructure design.

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41 views4 pages

Unit 5

Earthquakes occur due to movement of tectonic plates under the Earth's surface. The energy from strain buildup between plates is released as seismic waves when one plate shifts. Magnitude scales measure the energy released or intensity of shaking, with the Richter Scale quantifying energy and the Mercalli Scale quantifying damage. Key factors affecting earthquake damage include population density, monitoring systems, preparedness, and infrastructure design.

Uploaded by

ayannavazirani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Earthquakes

Earthquakes to
refer 6
erks or tremors
felt on the Earths surface
due to tectonic movement
.

When plates more ,


the
friction created produces
strain
. This
energy strain energy is stored

between two plates until the pressure gets too


-

much and one plate starts moving upwards,


releasing this energy in the
form of seismic

waves
.

Measured seismometers which record the


using
shaking as waves on a
graph.

Magnitude refers to the amount of energy given out


by an

Earthquake.

< Two types of scales


·

Richter Scale
·

Merculli Scale

- Richter Scale refers to a scale which measures the intensity


of the shock wave on a scale of I-9
,
where an increase of one on the scale is

times
10
greater and about 30 times more

energy is out than the previous one


.
given

2 Merculli Scale refers to a scale which measures the magnitude


of damage on a scale of 1-10
.

FOCUS
refers to the point under the Earths surface where

the seismic waves originate


continuation
7
Epicenter refers to the point on the Earths surface
directly above the point underground where

the scimic waves originate focus) The


.
epicenter
is where the seismic waves are felt .

Factors
Affecting Damage By An Earthquake

Population Density

Research &
Monitoring Systems

Government Initiative

Earthquake History

Time Of Day

c
Architecture & Engineering

Individual Preparedness

Lithology & Slope Aspect


Plates
refer to broken crustal pieces
made up of either continental or

Oceanic crust , floating on the

semi-rigid asthenosphere

Note ; heat of magma helps generate thermal convection

currents , resulting in plate movement .

Convection Currents
closer to the core, the temperature is
high Due to this
very .

immense heat particles become lighter and start As they


,
rising .

rise ,
terrperature starts decreasing ,
causing the particles to

become dense and . This


sink constant rising and sinking
generates convection currents

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