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ICMAICT 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804 (2021) 012200 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1804/1/012200

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR PATCH

ANTENNA

Bayana Lalith Venkat Kumar1. **, Chennupalli Bhaskar Pramod1.*,

S Nagendram2, SSS Kalyan 3.
1
U.G.Students, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
K L E F, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India.
2
Assoc.Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
K L E F, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India.
3
Asst.Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
K L E F, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India.

[email protected],

Abstract. The ANSI-based circular microstrip patch antenna is designed to work at 7.4GHz
and 12GHz using HFSS simulator software for various WLN (Wireless Local Area Network)
applications, Bluetooth, and IoT communications. The circular patch antenna is made using FR4,
which is 4.4 KE, 1.6 mm high, and has a gain of 3 dB. It tests countless antenna features such as
return loss, radiation adjustment, bandwidth, directivity, antenna gain, and radiation
productivity.
Keywords: circular patch microstrip antenna, HFSS, WLAN.

1. Introduction

In contemporary years, the contemporary trend in the providence of connection is emerging with little
cost, little weight, and little profile aerials that can provide high accomplishment in the low distribution.
This technical orientation drove to different functions for the design of microstrip antennas.For
abounding efficient models, improvements to microstrip antennas meet their competencies. Though,
research is still underway to overcome these deficiencies. The circular microstrip patch antenna has a
deep utilization to microstrip antennas, especially in the pharmaceutical, militant, mobile, and planetoid
transmissions fields.

Microstrip antennas fluctuate in impedance hanging on the plangency frequency, polarity, prototype,
and explicit patch composition. Their progress is different due to their narrow capacity and inefficiency
[1] Fast and slow design is important when prototyping antennas for consummation calculation. As
cellular pertinence draws better and feels the necessity for more higher bandwidth, the demand for
broadband antennas on high-frequency alternations is unavoidable. [2] Deep down, microstrip antennas
have narrowed bandwidth and capacity, abundantly depending on limitations such as potential
resoluteness, fascination, and damage.

Microstrip antennas do largely broadside radiators. [3]The patch can come in many formats, but the
most familiar are square and circular, because of the analytical, gin-like, attractive radiation properties,
especially the shallow cross-polarity. The patch was created so that its design would not be as
complicated as potential. [4]
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ICMAICT 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804 (2021) 012200 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1804/1/012200

2. Antenna Design
Microstrip antennas are flexible and are used in series to connect large configurations that cannot be
achieved from one component. We use the cluster to prolong the consummation of the antenna, to
check the emission configuration axis of the antenna system, to extend the directivity, and to bring the
best performance compared to a specific option. [5] In a network configuration, components are
displayed at one end or at different edges.
Next, we calculated the area of the circular patch following the method:
2.1 Width (W) calculation:
The first step in this process is to adjust the antenna patch width by adjusting the specific height or
compactness of the antenna patch. It calculates the subsequent mathematical statement:
W = C / 2fr (2 / ( r + 1))
Here, light velocity = c, dielectric surface constant = ∈r, fr = required resonance frequency.
2.2 Effective Dielectric Constant (reff) calculation:
It is predicted by the consecutive mathematical statement:

∈𝑟 1 ∈𝑟 1 ℎ /
∈ 1 12
2 2 𝑤
Here, h = Crest of the dielectric surface, The dielectric persistent of the dielectric surface=∈r, W =
Amplitude of the patch antenna.
2.3 Patch Effective Length (Leff) is calculated:
The patch effective length is estimated by the following equation:
𝑐
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓
2𝑓𝑟 ∈ 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓
Here, Light velocity = C, fr = desired resonance frequency, reff = constant for effective dielectric.
2.4 Patch Length Extension (∆L) Computation:
As an outcome of the edge field effect around the boundary of the patch, the antenna appears to be
electrically more enormous than its absolute real size. The diameter of the patch inflation is considered
by the subsequent mathematical statement:

∈ 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 0.3 0.264

∆𝐿 0.412ℎ
∈ 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 0.258 0.8
Here, h = peak or compactness of the dielectric surface, W = diameter of the patch antenna, reff =
perpetual for the effective dielectric.
2.5 Patch Real Length (L):
The definite patch diameter is considered by the mathematical statement:
L = Leff - 2∆L
Here, leff = patch effective length, ∆L = patch length extension
2.6 Ground Dimension (Wg, Lg) Calculation:
Ground, width length is considered by the subsequent mathematical statements, respectively:
Wg = 6h + W, Lg = 6h + L.

Here, h = crest or compactness of the dielectric surface, W = diameter of the patch, L = patch
diameter[6][8].

2
ICMAICT 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804 (2021) 012200 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1804/1/012200

3. Method of Analysis

There remain special search processes for because of the antennas. The proposed antenna has a two-
dimensional emission patch on the weak current, so it can be administered as a two-dimensional planer
segment for analytical aspirations. The analytical processes of the proposed antennas can be subdivided
into 2 groups. While in the base group, the processes depend on the division of an equal magnetic field
around the patch edges (relative to the position antenna).There are triple familiar techniques of analysis
[3]:

 Transmission line model

 Model of the Ava Chamber
 Multiport network model

In the crumbling faction, the processes depend on the ongoing dissemination of the patch conductor
and the ground plane (compatible with bipolar antennas controlled in wave reflection / scrutiny
techniques). The succeeding is some numerical progressions for fixing microstrip antennas:

 Finn limit-element method

 The seconds method
 Spectral-domain technique
 Limit-changing time-domain method
 Adopted cavitation technique.

4. Benefits of Microstrip Patch Antenna

Transmission situated operations. The microstrip patch antenna spots much pertinence in wireless
transmission. For precedent, planetoid transmissions require oblique polarization transmission portraits.
They hadlarge in intensity and extravagant because of the province.

5. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The expected antenna design is shown in fig. I. The 10 x 6.5 mm2 FR-4 substrate is the recommended
antenna layout, relative permittivity Ɛr = 4.4 with the compactness of 1.6 mm, and the improved antenna
values are represented in Table I of the recommended design.

3
ICMAICT 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804 (2021) 012200 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1804/1/012200

Figure 1. Proposed Antenna

Table 1. Antenna Dimensions Table

Parameters Values (mm)

A 15
B 5
C 15
D 7
E 15
F 10
G 5
H 5
I 5
J 5
K 5
L 7
M 10
N 10
O 10
P 3

4
ICMAICT 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804 (2021) 012200 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1804/1/012200

Figure 2. Return Loss vs Frequency

Figure 3. Antenna Gain at 7.4GHz Figure 4. Antenna Gain at 12GHz

The radiation figure of a recommended antenna at resonant frequencies. As a MPA, the antenna has
a great gain of 3dB at 7.4GHz and 3dB at 12GHz.

5
ICMAICT 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804 (2021) 012200 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1804/1/012200

Figure 5. Antenna Radiation patterns at 14GHz

6. Conclusion
This journal refers to the layout and study of circular microstrip patch antennas executed using HFSS
software. In this paper, the recommended antenna layout is repeated by assessing the return loss,
antenna, and radiation abundance. The microstrip patch antenna of oblique radiant domains was
auspiciously described with FR4 epoxy glass. A study of the HFSS simulation software explained that
the antenna reverberated at 7.4GHz and 12GHz frequencies. Ku-band functions have a reflection
coefficient of -35.84 dB (S11) and d17.71 dB with gains of 3dB and 3dB, respectively.

7. References

[1] Balanis, C.A., “Antenna Theory – Analysis and Design”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1997.
[2] C. A. Balanis, “Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics”, New York, John Wiley and Sons,
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[3] Garg, R., Bhartia, P., Bahl, I., Ittipiboon, “A., Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook”, Artech
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[4] Kin-Lu Wong, “Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas”, Copyright 2002 John Wiley
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[5] H.Iwasaki, “A circularly polarized small-size microstrip antenna with a cross slot,” IEEE
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ICMAICT 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804 (2021) 012200 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1804/1/012200

[10] K.V.L Bhavani,B.T.P Madhav ,P.Poorna Priya “Design of Compact U-Slot Circular Patch
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[15] Ken Paramayudha, AriefBudi Santiko, Yuyu Wahyu, Folin Oktafiani, “Design and
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[19] Shanthi.P, Soundarya.S,Meghana.S,"Design of Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for 2.4 GHz
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