“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF

INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE ON KNOWLEDGE AND

KNOWLEDGE OF PRACTICE REGARDING
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AMONG NURSING
STUDENTS IN SELECTED NURSING COLLEGES OF JAMMU”

PLAN FOR SYNOPSIS

FOR

MASTER OF SCENCE IN NURSING

(MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING)

SUBMITTED TO

UNVERSITY OF JAMMU

BY

ABDUL BASIT
RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF NURSING
CHAK BALWAL JAMMU-181122

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 BIO-DATA

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE : Abdul Basit

FATHER'S NAME : Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat

YEAR OF PASSING BSC NURSING : March 2022

INSTITUTE OF GRADUATION : Institute of Nursing South Campus ,University of Kashmir,

Kashmir, Anantnag.
PROPOSED TITLE : A Study to assess the effectiveness of self instructional

Module On knowledge and knowledge of practice

regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among

Nursing students in selected Nursing colleges of Jammu”

PRESENT OCCUPATION : Student of M.Sc. Nursing in Rajiv Gandhi college of Nursing

NAME AND ADDRESS OF GUIDE : Mr. Tariq Ahmad Dev

Assistant Professor
Rajiv Gandhi college of Nursing
PLACE : Jammu

DATE :

Signature

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 CERTIFICATE

Certified that I am willing to act as guide for the title " A Study to assess the effectiveness of self
instructional Module on knowledge and knowledge of practice regarding Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation among Nursing students in selected nursing colleges of Jammu.”It will be ensured that
data being included in the dissertation will be genuine and work will be conducted by the candidate
himself under my supervision and guidance. There will be no conflict of interest involved.

GUIDE

MR. TARIQ AHMAD DEV

Assistant Professor of Medical Surgical Nursing
Rajiv Gandhi college of Nursing,
Chak Bhalwal,181122, Jammu

Signature of Guide

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 6-8

2 NEED FOR STUDY 8-10

3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND 11-13
OBJECTIVES
4 REVIEW OF LITRATURE 14-1

5 METHODOLOGY 20-25

6 Consent/ Assent form 26

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 Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION

The knowledge of CPR allows one to be the heartbeat of hope in emergency.

(Tasaduq Maqbool Bhat)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a vital emergency intervention that involves rescue breathing
and chest compressions to keep victims of cardiac arrest breathing and their blood supply intact It is the
primary intervention in the chain of survival, with the goal of reestablishing spontaneous circulation and
raising the likelihood of survival after cardiac arrest (Perkins et al., 2015).CPR is extremely important in
emergency medicine since it can save lives in cases of unexpected cardiac arrest. CPR reduces the chance
of permanent tissue damage and increases the chance of successful resuscitation by preserving blood
flow to essential organs like the heart and brain (American Heart Association [AHA], 2020).Research
consistently demonstrates the life-saving impact of bystander-initiated CPR in improving survival rates
from cardiac arrest. Immediate initiation of CPR by bystanders can double or triple the chances of
survival until advanced medical care arrives (Perkins et al., 2015).Organizations like the AHA stress the
significance of public awareness campaigns and extensive CPR training in response to the vital role that
CPR plays in saving lives. By equipping people with CPR knowledge, communities can increase overall
survival rates and their collective capacity to respond to cardiac emergencies (AHA, 2020).
Nursing students play an important role in healthcare delivery and are frequently at the front of
emergency response teams. As future healthcare workers, their knowledge of CPR is critical for
providing timely and effective patient care. On the other hand, effective training methods are necessary
to guarantee that nursing students are competent and confident in their ability to conduct CPR. As
traditional didactic approaches may not adequately prepare students for real-life settings, creative
approaches to education are needed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) competency is critical for
nursing students because it directly affects their capacity to deliver emergency care and possibly save
lives. CPR competency is an essential component of nursing students' training because, as frontline
healthcare providers, they frequently encounter scenarios requiring quick action to address cardiac
emergencies (Brannon et al., 2018).It is important for nursing students to be proficient in CPR because
cardiac arrest episodes can occur in a variety of settings outside of the clinical context also. Nursing
students may be asked to do CPR on people who are in distress in a hospital, clinic, or public setting,
emphasizing the vital role they play in the chain of survival (Härkänen et al., 2017).
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Research reveals that prompt CPR administration by trained personnel, such as nursing students,
dramatically enhances survival rates for cardiac arrest patients (Brannon et al., 2018). Skillfully
administering CPR to nursing students can help increase survival rates and improve patient outcomes by
sustaining blood circulation and oxygenation until advanced medical assistance arrives.Also, knowing
how to perform CPR improves nursing students' self-assurance and preparedness to respond to
emergencies, giving them a sense of empowerment and competence in managing life-threatening
circumstances (Brannon et al., 2018). Self-assurance in performing CPR not only helps patients but also
promotes a culture of safety and readiness in medical environments (Härkänen et al., 2017).
Nursing students should have a high degree of skill in CPR because cardiac emergencies are
unpredictable. This will allow them to react to different settings and offer timely and appropriate
interventions (Brannon et al., 2018). For nursing students to provide the best treatment possible in
emergency situations, they must be able to react swiftly to assess the situation, start CPR, and
communicate with medical professionals (Härkänen et al., 2017).It is essential that educational
institutions promote thorough CPR training as part of their curriculum, given the significance of CPR
proficiency for nursing students. Institutions may guarantee that aspiring medical professionals are ready
to respond skillfully to cardiac emergencies and carry out their roles as patient advocates and lifesavers
by providing nursing students with the information and abilities needed to administer CPR efficiently.
Self-Instructional Modules (SIM) are an innovative form of instruction that gives students experiences
that are self-directed and catered to their own needs and speed. Typically, these modules include text,
multimedia, and interactive activities as well as other structured learning tools that let students interact
with the information at their own pace and freely (Dabbagh & Kitsantas, 2012).Within the field of
healthcare education, Self-Instructional Modules present a viable means of improving nursing students'
CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) knowledge and skills. Being able to perform CPR is essential for
nursing students because it allows them to react to cardiac emergencies and possibly save lives (Brannon
et al., 2018). Educators can help nursing students gain a thorough understanding and proficiency of CPR
techniques by using SIM to create easily accessible and interactive learning resources.
Self-Instructional Modules are especially useful for healthcare education because of their adaptability
and accessibility. Due to their hectic schedules, nursing students may find it difficult to attend traditional
classroom-based training sessions (O'Reilly & Dobbins, 2020). By facilitating remote access to CPR
training materials, SIM empowers students to interact with the material at their own convenience and
pace, circumventing time and location-related barriers (O'Reilly & Dobbins, 2020). In addition, Self-
Instructional Modules provide a learner-centered approach to CPR education by empowering nursing
students to customize their study experience to suit their unique preferences and learning styles (Dabbagh

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& Kitsantas, 2012). This autonomy encourages students to take charge of their education and feel
accountable for the outcomes they achieve, which in turn encourages them to actively interact with CPR
training materials and take the initiative to advance their skills.

Self-Instructional Modules have been shown to be beneficial in enhancing knowledge acquisition and
skill development in a variety of disciplines by research in healthcare education (Cook & Artino, 2016).
Research indicates that students who participate in small-group instruction (SIM) have superior levels of
retention and competency in comparison to those who just receive standard didactic training (O'Reilly &
Dobbins, 2020). Through the utilization of SIM in CPR instruction, nursing instructors can improve
nursing students' readiness to handle cardiac emergencies and help improve patient outcomes.

In conclusion, self-instructional modules provide nursing students with a flexible and successful
educational intervention to improve their CPR practice and knowledge. SIM's adaptability, learner-
centered methodology, and interactive features can enable nursing students to gain thorough CPR
training and respond to cardiac emergencies with assurance in clinical settings.

NEED FOR STUDY

The heart, a tireless warrior within us, pulsates rhythmically, beating an average of 72 times per minute,
ceaselessly keeping the tempo of life itself. Tucked away in our breast, it is a fount of energy that never
sleeps, toiling nonstop from sunrise to sunset. Its goal is straightforward yet profound: to provide oxygen
that keeps all parts of our bodies alive. It is our other organs' vigilance guardian, ensuring their existence
because when it falters, the other organs go silent and lose their life-giving fluid. Though little, at 10 cm
in diameter and around the size of a person's fist, its importance is immense, weighing 225 grams in
women and 310 grams in men upon the scales of life.
Cardiac Arrest is one of the frequent and potentially deadly medical emergency is cardiac arrest. When
the heart stops beating efficiently and ceases pumping blood throughout the body, cardiac arrest occurs.
It is characterized by a drop in blood pressure and pulse, as well as a loss of consciousness. Most of the
time, certain pretty simple maneuvers and skills can easily prevent the significant mortality associated
with it.
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The most common cause of unexpected cardiac arrest is coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease
is a contributing factor to between 60 and 70 percent of unexpected cardiac fatalities. In addition to these
factors, smoking, inactivity, obesity, diabetes, a history of heart attacks, and a family history of cardiac
conditions can also lead to cardiac arrest
In order to maximize circulation and oxygenation, rescue breathing and chest compressions have
historically been incorporated into CPR. The features of the victim and the rescuer may affect how best
to provide the CPR components. Anyone can save the life of someone who is having a cardiac attack.
The training, experience, and self-assurance of the rescuer all play a role in the execution of CPR skills.
The foundation of CPR is chest compressions. All victims of cardiac arrest should receive chest
compressions from rescuers, regardless of training. No matter the victim's age, chest compressions
should always be the first CPR measures performed due to their significance. The ability to add
ventilations to chest compressions should be exercised by rescuers. Together, a team of highly skilled
rescuers should plan the patient's care and execute ventilations and chest compressions in a coordinated
manner.
Worldwide, it is estimated that about 7,000,000 people pass away from sudden cardiac death each year.
In 2020, coronary artery disease is expected to claim the lives of over 2.6 million Indians. The age range
of 45 to 75 years old has a higher risk of sudden cardiac fatalities. Additionally, it has been observed that
cardiac arrest occurs more frequently in men than in women.
A study carried out by the Global Health Research Institute suggests that J&K has recorded 29.6%
deaths due to heart-related ailments. The study further reports that 25% of deaths occur in the age group
of 25-69 years. Out of these, 32.8% deaths occur in the urban areas and 22.9% in rural areas. These
percentages shoot up in winters as compared to summers owing to the extreme weather conditions
limiting regular exercising and outdoor activities as a sedentary lifestyle leads to increased chances of
heart attacks.
Further, obesity is a new problem featuring young people in Jammu due to occupational lifestyle changes
which is linked to higher bad cholesterol and triglyceride levels and can, in turn, lead to high blood
pressure and diabetes as well as heart disease. A sedentary lifestyle is another risk factor for heart disease
and sitting is considered another kind of smoking. Cardiologists say the improved economic condition
has made the lifestyle sedentary and consumption of sweets , junk and fatty foods have also increased.
They, however, say life has become stressful, leading to rise in smoking, which is the leading cause of
the Heart disease in J&K.
Researchers from the European Society of Cardiology has found teens who struggle with anxiety and
depression could be at a 20% increased risk of a heart attack when they reach middle age since symptoms

8
of such mental illness include increased heart rates, sweating, hyperventilation and other related
symptoms. In this sense, the association of mental illness and heart attacks can easily corroborate the
increased rates of heart attacks in the state of Jammu And Kashmir where the current political, social and
economic situation has taken an obvious toll on the population, especially the youth leading them to
suffer from depression and anxiety which eventually, in most cases, leads to heart attacks.
According to experts, CPR is a crucial skill that can significantly improve the chances of survival for
someone experiencing cardiac arrest. CPR involves a combination of chest compressions and rescue
breaths to maintain blood flow and oxygenation to the body’s vital organs. The Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare has kick-started a campaign to teach the technique of CPR nationwide as cases of heart
attack rise across age groups, including among youngsters. On December 6, a program launched by
Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya commenced nationwide, in which CPR training was
provided simultaneously to 10 lakh people to make the technique available as first Aid. According to the
latest data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), deaths due to cardiac arrests saw a 12.5 per
cent rise, from 28,413 in 2021 to 32,457 in 2022. The NCRB data also put the figure of sudden deaths at
56,450 for 2022, up from 50,734 in 2021.

Research indicates that in cases of out-of-home cardiac arrest, family members, laypeople, or bystanders
attempt CPR 14% to 45% of the time, and only half of them are able to execute it successfully.
It was also discovered that in non-hospital cardiac arrest scenarios, bystanders without any personal
connection to the victim are more likely to do CPR than family members. This is due to the fact that, in
contrast to a family member, a stranger is able to stay calm and think rationally. When a family member
passes away in the house, just a small percentage of witnesses will start CPR. The biggest hurdle to
practicing CPR was fear of not succeeding.
Knowing and using basic CPR techniques helps patients survive until professional medical assistance
arrives, and in most situations, that is enough to keep them alive. Both qualified healthcare professionals
and sufficiently educated nonprofessionals are capable of performing basic CPR.

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 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A study to assess the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on knowledge and knowledge of
practice regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among nursing students studying in selected nursing
colleges of Jammu.

OBJECTIVES

• To assess the existing knowledge and knowledge of practice regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
among nursing students studying in selected nursing colleges of Jammu.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of self Instructional Module on knowledge and knowledge of practice
regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among nursing students studying in selected nursing colleges
of Jammu.
• To find out the association between pre-test level of knowledge with selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1: There will be significant difference in mean post test knowledge score as compared to mean pre
test knowledge score of nursing students regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at selected
nursing colleges of Jammu at 0.05 level of significance.

H01: There will be no significant difference in mean post test knowledge score as compared to
mean pre test knowledge score of nursing students regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at
selected nursing colleges of Jammu at 0.05level of significance.

H2: There will be significant difference of mean pre test knowledge score of nursing students
regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at selected nursing colleges of Jammu with selected
demographic variables (age, gender, occupation of father, occupation of mother, type of family, any
previous information) of at 0.05 level o significance .

H02: There will be no significant difference of mean pre test knowledge score of nursing students
regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at selected nursing colleges of Jammu with selected
demographic variables (age, gender, occupation of father, occupation of mother, type of family, any

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previous information) of at 0.05 level o significance.

ASSUMPTIONS:

1. Nursing students will have some knowledge regarding Car dio pulmo nar y Resusc it at io n.
2. Self instructional module regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation may improve the
knowledge of nursing students.
3. Selected demographic variables like age, gender, religion , occupation of father, occupation of
mother, type of family , any previous information will affect the nursing students knowledge
regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

OPEATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

• Assess : In this study it refers to the identification of the level of knowledge among
students in selected nursing colleges of Jammu.

• Effectiveness : In this study the effectiveness refers to improvement in knowledge of

nursing students regarding CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) in selected nursing
colleges of Jammu.

• Self instructional module : In this study self instructional module refers to learning
resource which are designed by researcher for individuals to use on their own to acquire
knowledge or skill

• Knowledge : In this study it refers to response of samples to the questionnaire

administered in terms of scores.

• CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) : In this study, CPR (Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation) refers to an emergency life saving procedure involving chest
compressions and rescue breathing administered to individuals experiencing cardiac
arrest or respiratory failure.

• Nursing students : In this study, nursing students refer to individuals enrolled in

accredited nursing programs within selected nursing colleges of Jammu, undergoing
training in basic and advanced nursing skills, including

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 DELIMITATION:
• The study is limited to nursing students of selected Nursing colleges of Jammu only.
• The study is limited to only 100 nursing students studying in selected nursing colleges of
Jammu

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 CHAPTER - 2
REVIEW OF LITRATURE

Review of literature is a key step in research process. Review of literature refers to an extensive,
exhaustive and systematic examination of publication relevant to the research project (B.T.
Basavathappa, 2001).The term review of literature refers to the activities involved in identifying or
searching for information on a topic and developing an understanding on the state of knowledge of the
topic (Polit FD.and Beck TC, 2008).

M. Rikhotso, H. Perrie, Juan Scribante, Zainub Jooma (2021) conducted a study on

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills profile and knowledge of nurses working in an academic
hospital. The aim of the study was to determine the CPR skills profile and knowledge among nurses
in selected areas at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. The study was descriptive,
prospective and contextual. A self-administered questionnaire, based on the 2010 American Heart
Association CPR Guidelines, was used to determine the nurses CPR knowledge. A minimum score of
≥80% was regarded adequate. Results: Total of 133 nurses were recruited; 61 in theatre, 40 in ICU
and 32 from the surgical wards. The nurses’ median score (range) for theoretical knowledge was
21% (0% - 79%). No participant achieved ≥80%. No correlation was found between nurses’
knowledge and years of experience (r=0.036, p=0.697). Comparison between knowledge scores
and area of work (p=0.060) and accreditation status (p=0.444) were not statistically significant.
The knowledge of CPR was found to be poor among nurses and has shown the need for ongoing CPR
training to ensure effective resuscitation of patients.

Farzana Akram, Kousar Perveen, Muhammad Afzal, Syed Amir Gilani and Muhammad Musadaq
(2020) conducted a study on knowledge and practices of nurses regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
The cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among nurses working in District Headquarter
Hospital, Jhelum, from February 2020 to April 2020. After obtaining ethical approval and informed
consent, randomly selected participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire that assessed the
respondent’s knowledge and practices of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, based upon the American Heart
Association’s guidelines for CPR. Results concluded the nurses who scored more than 75% on the
questions about knowledge and practice were considered to have “excellent” knowledge and practice
respectively. Similarly, those who scored 60-74%, 46-59% and less than 45% were considered as having

13
“good”, “fair” and “poor” knowledge and practices, respectively. Data obtained was entered into SPSS
version 26 and analyzed for results. Out of 110 respondents, 76 (69.1%), 11 (10%), five (4.5%) and 18
(7.3%) nurses showed excellent, good, fair and poor knowledge of CPR respectively while 62 (56.3%),
13 (11.8%), 18 (16.4%) and 17 (15.5%) nurses scored excellent, good, fair and poor practices of
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, respectively. 98.7% of nurses showing excellent knowledge and 96.8% of
nurses exhibiting excellent practices of CPR had completed full course Basic Life Support training
previously.
This study found out that that there is a dire need of regular in-service CPR training programmes and
workshop for nurses in order to increase the quality of their knowledge and practice of CPR, therefore
ensuring provision of optimal healthcare for the masses.

Kiran Panthri, Kanchan Raturi, Deepika Bisht, Ayushi, Mohit Rawat, Mukesh Chandra Joshi,
Sanya Sharma and Shuaiv Khan (2022) conducted a study on “pre-experimental study to assess the
effectiveness of demonstration method on knowledge and practice regarding CPR among nursing
students of selected nursing college of Dehradun”. 31 samples were selected with the purposive sampling
technique and data was collected by using structured questionnaire and checklist during the month of
April 2021. In this study they had used the modified conceptual framework based on General System
Theory by Karla Ludwig Von Bertalanffy. Results revealed that Out of all (87%) subjects belongs to the
age group of 18-20 years followed by (13%) belongs to 21- 23 years age group. Majority (84%) subjects
were female followed by (16%) male. Maximum (100%) subjects were 12th pass. Majority (96%)
subjects had pervious information regarding CPR followed by (4%) did not had previous information
regarding CPR. Majority (94%) had curriculum as previous source of information followed by (3%) mass
media and (3%) had previously attended seminar. Findings revealed that lowest number 2(7%) of nursing
students had good pretest knowledge, followed by 6 (19%) with average and 23 (74%) had below
average knowledge regarding CPR, lowest number 0(0%)of nursing students had good pretest level of
practice, followed by 6(20%) with average and 25 (80%) had below average practice regarding CPR,
highest number 21 (67%) of nursing students had good posttest level of knowledge, followed by 9(30%)
with average and 1 (3%) had below average knowledge regarding CPR, lowest number 5 (17%)of
nursing students had good posttest level of practice, followed by 19 (62%) with average and 7 (21%) had
below average practice regarding CPR.
The study findings revealed that nursing students had average pretest knowledge and practice
regarding CPR and it had improved with good level of knowledge and practice in posttest.

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Prateeksha Gurung, Salakha Mishra, Kavita Chandrakar (2020) conducted a Pre-Experimental
Study to Assess the Effectiveness of STP on Knowledge Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
among B.Sc. Nursing Students among the degree students Dayananada Sagar College of Nursing
Sciences, Bangalore. Study was conducted on 30 B.Sc Nursing student selected by random sampling
Tool prepared consisted of demographic variables & self-structured knowledge questionnaire regarding
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. The present study showed that the level of knowledge of student nurses
revealed that 73.33% of students had inadequate knowledge, 26.66% had moderate knowledge in the pre-
test whereas after administration of STP, 43.33% had inadequate knowledge,40% had moderate
knowledge and 16.67% had adequate knowledge in the post-test. Hence, there was a statistically
significant difference between pretest and post-test level of knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation among the students at the level of structured knowledge questionnaire. Pre-test and post-
test knowledge scores revealed that during pretest, the mean score 8.6±3.07 (SD) which is 43% of the
total mean score, whereas in post-test, the mean score was 15.13 ± 2.26(SD) which is 75.65% of the total
mean score depicting difference of 32.65% increase in mean percentage of score.

Kannammal Kannammal, Rajni Rajni, Monika Pal, Danish Rizvi (2022) conducted a study on “a
study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Cardio
Pulmonary Resuscitation among B.Sc.nursing 1st year students in selected colleges of Nursing , Bhilai.”
In this study the research approach was pre experimental pre-test & pos-test design without control
group design . Total 40 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The intervention
Structured Teaching Programme was introduced to the group after the pre test. Knowledge was assessed
by self structured questionnaire before and after the intervention. Results revealed that mean pre-test 82.5
% students had inadequate knowledge and 17.5 % students had moderate knowledge. And during post
test 85% students had moderate knowledge and 15% students had adequate knowledge.

The study concluded that, structured teaching program about Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation should be implemented to improve the knowledge among the B.Sc. nursing students.

K. Tamizharasi, Nisha Joshi (2020) conducted a pre-experimental study to Evaluate the effectiveness

of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge and skill regarding basic cardiac life support among

basic B.Sc. (N) Ist year Students at Dehradun, Uttarakhand. A sample of 50 students were selected

through convenience non-probability sampling technique. The data was collected through self-structured
15
knowledge questionnaire and skill checklist on basic cardiac life support. The tool was developed in three

parts, the first part deal with the 7 demographic variable, the part two consist of 32 knowledge questions

on basic cardiac life support and the third part consist of 18 steps of skill checklist. This concludes that

the structured teaching program was effective in significant improvement of knowledge level and skill

score regarding basic cardiac life support among study participants. Findings stress the need for such

teaching and skill programs, which in turn may enhance the overall health standard and save the life of

victims.

Prateeksha Gurung, Salakha Mishra, Kavita Chandrakar (2020) conducted a Pre-Experimental

Study to Assess the Effectiveness of STP on Knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

among B.Sc. Nursing Students among the degree students Dayananada Sagar College of Nursing

Sciences, Bangalore. Study was conducted on 30 B.Sc Nursing student selected by random sampling..

Tool prepared consisted of demographic variables & self-structured knowledge questionnaire regarding

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. The present study showed that the level of knowledge of student nurses

revealed that 73.33% of students had inadequate knowledge, 26.66% had moderate knowledge in the pre-

test whereas after administration of STP, 43.33% had inadequate knowledge,40% had moderate

knowledge and 16.67% had adequate knowledge in the post-test. Hence, there was a statistically

significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation among the students at the level of p<0.05.

Shalu Saju, Chandrashekar (2020), conducted a quasi-experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness
of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Skill Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
in Children among 3rd Year B.Sc. Nursing Students of a Selected College of Nursing at Mangaluru.
Simple random technique was used to select 30 subjects. After the pre-test and assessment of skill and
knowledge by observational check list and questionnaire, a STP was administered and CPR demonstrated
to the subjects and on the seventh day post-test was conducted with the same questionnaire and
observational checklist. Results of the study concluded that the mean post-test knowledge scores
obtained by the subjects (30.16) were higher than the mean pre-test knowledge scores (17.13). The mean
16
post-test skill scores obtained by the subjects (16.03) were higher than the mean pre-test skill scores
(7.6). Findings of the study showed that the knowledge score and skill score of the 3rd-year B.Sc students
were very less before the introduction of STP and demonstration of CPR. The STP enhanced them to
gain more knowledge and demonstration enhanced them to gain more skill regarding CPR. Hence, STP
and demonstration of CPR was an effective strategy for providing information and to improve knowledge
and skill of student nurses, which was well appreciate and accepted by student nurses.

Alaa O Oteir et.al (2019) conducted a cross sectional study on Cardiopulmonary resuscitation level of
knowledge among allied health university students in Jordan. 20 participants were selected. The survey
had two sections, including demographics and knowledge questions. A total of 883 students completed
the surveys and were included in the study. The mean age was 21 years (#1.6) and the majority were
females (73.1%). A total of 693 (78.5%) students did not receive previous CPR training and the top
barriers to receiving CPR training were unawareness of training opportunities and a lack of time.
Participants had a mean CPR knowledge score of 3.9 ($1.7) out of 10 maximum potential points. Trained
participants had a higher mean score compared with the untrained (4.6 (#1.6) vs 3.8 (#1.6), p<0.001).
Previous training (adjusted B=0.6; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9; p<0.001) and being in the physical therapy
programme (adjusted ß=0.5; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8; p=0.01) were associated with higher knowledge.
Conclusion of the study is there is poor knowledge of CPR among AHP students including trained
individuals. Efforts to increase the awareness of CPR should target students and professionals who are
highly likely to encounter patients requiring CPR. Compulsory training courses, shorter training periods
as well as recurrent and regular refreshing courses and use of various media devices are recommended.

Mutlu Vural et.al (2017) conducted a study on Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge among
nursing students.The questionnaire comprised of three parts about CPR knowledge: the first dealing with
general questions to understand the importance of CPR in clinical practice; the second comprising the
main goal and accuracy of CPR intervention; and the last consisting of questions targeting the
indications, methods, and effectiveness of CPR. Results of the study was students had good knowledge
about the importance of CPR in clinical practice and stood average in knowing its indications and
effectiveness. 11% of them were completely aware about the universal compression ventilation ratio,
16.2% were aware of the current compression depth. In addition, 21.8% of participants have only
indicated the order of CPR being compression,
airway, and breathing.

17
Conclusion of the study is Knowledge of CPR is good among the nursing students. However, skills of
CPR have to be improved by current training programs at regular intervals. Their knowledge and
practical approach have to be updated with the current guidelines in CPR.

Smith et al. (2019) conducted a study on Impact of Self-Instructional Module on CPR Knowledge and
Practice among Nursing Students in Rural Areas. Researchers aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SIM
in enhancing CPR knowledge and practice among nursing students. The study was carried out in a rural
nursing college in the Midwest region of the United States. A sample of 50 nursing students was selected
using stratified random sampling. The intervention group received a SIM designed to cover essential
aspects of CPR, while the control group received traditional classroom instruction. Pre- and post-tests
were administered to assess knowledge and simulated scenarios to evaluate practical skills. Results
indicated a significant improvement in both knowledge and practice among students in the intervention
group compared to the control group. Pre-test analysis revealed that 60% of students had inadequate
knowledge, while 30% demonstrated moderate knowledge. Post-test findings showed a decrease in
inadequate knowledge to 20% and an increase in moderate knowledge to 50%. Practical skills also
showed a notable improvement, with 75% of students in the intervention group successfully performing
CPR compared to only 40% in the control group.

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 CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the methodology adopted for present study “A Study to assess the
effectiveness of self instructional module regarding knowledge and knowledge of practice regarding
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among nursing students in selected Nursing colleges of Jammu.”
The research methodology involves the systematic procedure by which researcher starts the initial
identification of the problem, collects, and analyses the data fill its conclusion to accomplish the
research objectives. Research methodology is a system of methods that follow various principles,
strategies, approaches, methods, and designs. The methodology of research indicates the pattern for
organizing the procedures together valid and reliable data for investigation .This chapter discusses
the methodology used for a pre experimental research study.

RESEARCH APPROACH: It involves the description of the plan to investigate the phenomenon
under study in a structured (quantitative) , unstructured( qualitative) or a combination of the two
methods integrated approach. Therefore the approach helps to decide about the presence or absence
of randomization , as well as manipulation and control over variables. In addition , it also helps to
identify the presence or absence of control group for comparison .

Quantitative research approach will be used in this study

RESEARCH DESIGN: Research design can be defined as a blueprint to conduct a research study,
which involves the description of research approach, study setting, sampling size, sampling
technique, tools and method of data collection and Analysis to answer specific research questions or
for testing research hypothesis.
Pre experimental research design will be used in the present study .

RESEARCH SETTING: The study setting is the location in which the research is conducted. It
could be natural, partially controlled, or highly controlled, Natural or field setting is a uncontrolled
real life situation. In a partially controlled situation the environment is partially modified to control
extraneous variables, while in highly controlled situations the study environment is fully controlled
to combat the effect of extraneous variables.
Study will be conducted in the selected Nursing colleges of Jammu
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ACCESSIBLE POPULATION: It is the aggregate of cases that conform to designated criteria and
are also accessible as subjects for a study.
The accessible population in this study will be nursing students.

TARGET POPULATION: A target population consists of the total number of people or objects
which meet the designated set of criteria. In other words , it is the aggregate of all the cases with a
certain phenomenon about which the researcher would like to make a generalization.
The target population of the study will be nursing students studied at selected Nursing colleges
of Jammu.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES: Sampling is the process of selecting a representative part of the

population. Thus, a carefully carried out sampling process helps to draw a sample that represents the
characteristics of the population from which the sample is drawn.

Simple convenient sampling technique will be used in the study

SAMPLE SIZE: 100-120 nursing students who fill the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be
chosen as sample in selected primary schools of Jammu.

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 VARIABLES UNDER STUDY:

Dependent variable: variables that change as the independent variable is manipulated by the
researcher, sometimes called the criterion variable.

In present study the dependent variable refers to knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation.

Independent variable: variables that are purposely manipulated or changed by the researcher,
also called manipulated variables.

In the present study the independent variable refers to effectiveness of Self instructional
module regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

SAMPLING CRITERIA:

Inclusion criteria:

1. Nursing students who are studying at selected Nursing colleges of Jammu.

2. Nursing students who will be present at the time of data collection

3. Nursing students who will be willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Nursing students who will not be present at the time of data collection.

2. Nursing students who will not be willing to participate in the study

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PILOT STUDY:

It will be conducted to find out the reliability of the tool and feasibility of the study bytaking one tenth
of the sample.

DATA ANALYSIS METHOD:

Data analysis will be through descriptive and inferential statistics.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:

1. Permission will be taken from higher authority of Rajiv Gandhi College of Nursing Jammu
to conduct the present study.

2. Permission of research will be taken from higher authority in selected nursing college of
Jammu.

3. Written consent will be obtained from the participants before conducting thestudy.

4. Anonymity and confidentiality of the subjects will be maintained.

DISCUSSION:

It will be based on the statistical technique, current results, and previously relatedresearch.

CONCLUSION:

The conclusion will be made according to the findings of the study.

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DESCRIPTION OF TOOL:

In the current study the data collection will be done by using self structured questionnaire. The tool
will help the researcher to assess the level of knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
among nursing students in selected nursing colleges of Jammu. The tool consists of three parts:

SCORING PROCEDURE:
Each correct answer carries one mark (1) and wrong answer carries zero (0).Mark Criterion measure used
for scoring the tool.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: The score level will be measured as :

S.NO LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE PERCENTAGE%

1 Excellent 75-100
2 Good 50-75
3 Average 30-50
4 Below Average <30

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 CONSENT FORM

The subject will be fully

informed about the nature and purpose of the study. The subject has been asked if
any questions have arisen regarding the study and these questions have been
answered to the best of the investigation ability. A signed copy of this form will
be made available to the subject.

Investigator's signature:

I agree to participate in the study," A Study to assess the effectiveness of self

instructional module regarding knowledge and knowledge of practice regarding
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among nursing students in selected nursing
colleges of Jammu.”

I have been given an opportunity to ask questions to my satisfaction.

1 furthermore recognize that I am free to withdraw this consent and to

discontinue participation in this project at any time without prejudice to care. I
voluntarily give consent to participate in this study.

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