FIRST AID-AVPU & ABCDE
For FLW
WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY?
• The group of conditions which need immediate medical care and
intervention, are called as emergencies
• Are non-discriminatory – can happen to anyone
• Time bound – ‘the golden hour ’
• Commonly encountered Emergencies in the community may range
from accidents and trauma to emergencies arising out of chronic
diseases like NCDs.
WHAT IS TRAUMA?
• Trauma is an injury to living tissue caused by an outside (extrinsic)
agent.
• Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the
body by an outside force or agent which may be physical,
psychological or chemical
WHY FIRST AID ?
PREVENT
PRESERVE LIFE FURTHER
HARM
PROMOTE RECOVERY
EMERGENCY
CHEST PAIN
BREATHING ISSUES
CHANGE IN MENTAL STATUS
BLEEDING that will not stop
CHOKING
SUDDEN SEVERE PAIN, SUDDEN CHANGES
COUGHING/VOMITTING BLOOD
INJURY TO HEAD OR ORGANS, FRACTURES
ABDOMINAL PAIN/PRESSURE
FITS / CONVULSIONS
SITUATION
• Karun was happy to get a job in the nearby city. He bought a
motorbike on installments with his first salary. One day he was late
for work. Riding fast, he did not notice a dog crossing the road. He
hit the dog and lost his balance. His head hit hard on the road.
Karun was unconscious. He is bleeding from one ear profusely. The
passers-by saw this, panicked and called you. You run to the scene.
• Describe what you would do.
DANGER
AVPU SCALE
Check the person’s level of consciousness using the AVPU method.
A: Alert: The person is aware and is responding to the surrounding on their
own. The person will also be able to follow your instructions, open eyes
spontaneously, and track objects.
V: Verbally Responsive: The person's eyes do not open spontaneously. The
victim's eyes will open only in response to voice/calling out his/her name.
P: Responsive to Pain: The person’s eyes do not open on their own and will
only respond if a painful stimulus is given, eg. Pressure to the chest. The
victim may move, moan, or cry out directly in response to the painful
stimuli.
U: Unresponsive/unconscious: The victim does not respond spontaneously
and does not respond to verbal or painful stimuli.
H: Hemorrhage (bleeding) control
A: Airway
QUICKLY
B: Breathing ASSESS….TIME
C: Circulation SAVES LIVES
D: Disability
E: Exposure
COMPRESS AND CONTROL
• Take gauze or quick clot bandages and cover wound
• If wound is large and deep: Stuff gauze and quick clot
bandages into the wound.
• Apply continuous pressure with both hands directly on
top of bleeding wound.
• Push down as hard as you can.
• Hold pressure to stop bleeding. When bleeding is
controlled, wrap wound and gauze tightly with elastic
bandage. Continue pressure until relieved by medical
responders.
• For severe or life threatening bleeding from arm or leg:
Use a tourniquet if available.
Heavy bleeding is defined as a
BLEEDING clean pad or cloth becoming
soaked within less than 5 minutes),
DURING but is not yet shocked (they are
PREGNANCY able to stand or sit up and speak
normally
A
CLEAR AIRWAY
A
CLEAR AIRWAY
A
B B
RESPIRATORY ARREST
• Signs: a definite pulse present but not breathing
• Management:
o Start chest compressions immediately
o Continue giving chest compressions at the rate of 100-120
compressions/minute until:
▪ The patient begins to breathe on his or her own.
▪ Another trained rescuer takes over.
▪ The patient has no pulse. In that case one should begin CPR or
use an AED (defibrillator), if it is available and ready to use.
FILM
https://youtu.be/ea1RJUOiNfQ
C=CIRCULATION
• Check for pulse (in the wrist- radial pulse, or neck- carotid pulse)
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ARREST
• If there is no breathing, no pulse and the patient is unresponsive,
the patient is in cardio-respiratory arrest.
• Chest Compressions: Follow the steps as given below:
• Position the patient in supine, on a firm, flat surface
• Expose the chest to ensure proper hand placement and ability to
visualize chest recoil
• Rescuer position: kneeling on one side of patient’s chest
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ARREST
• Locate the area 2 inches above from the lower tip of the xiphoid
sternum, now place the heel/ palm of one hand on the lower end of the
sternum (i.e. at located area) and the other hand is placed on the top of
first one. Rescuer interlaces the fingers of both the hands and locks the
elbows in position
• “Push Hard & Push Fast” on the center of chest while delivering
compressions until the return of patient’s pulses. Give about
• Arms as straight as possible, with the shoulders placed directly over the
hands in a straight line to promote effective compressions.
• Compression depth for adults should be 2 inches (about 5 cm) and rate
should be at least 100-120/ minute.
• The chest must be allowed to fully recoil between each compression to
allow blood to flow back into the heart following the compressions.
D=DISABILITY
ALERT
VERBALLY RESPONSIVE
PAIN RESPONSE
UNCONSCIOUS
E= EXPOSURE
• Full exposure of the body
• Respect the victim’s dignity
• Minimize heat loss
INFANT RECOVERY POSITION
THE FOUR P‘S OF FIRST AID
1 To Preserve life and emergency care and treatment to
people who are sick or injured
2 To Protect unresponsive/ unconscious people
3 To Prevent the further worsening of victim’s condition
4 To Promote the victim’s recovery.
THE FOUR P‘S OF FIRST AID
ALERT
1.AVPU stand for A ______ VOICE
V _____ PAIN
P _______ UNRESPONSIVE
U _________
2.In infant recovery position head tilted downwards to prevent the child from choking on its
tongue or by inhaling vomit. T/ F
T
Removing imminent
3.Stabilization of any case of emergency involves two approaches ___________,
danger
Specific measures for
__________
stabilization
AIRWAY
1.HABCDE approach stand for H ___________,
Hemorrhage
A ___________, B __________,
BREATHING
C ______
CIRCULATION
,D DISABILITY , E ________
EXPOSURE
5. Internal bleeding can only be managed by a doctor. T/ F T
Thank You
