UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Project Reprt on :
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A
WATSE SEPERATION AND
DETECTION SYSTEM FOR
MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Presented By :
KALAMA JOANNA D. 2018/249031
EZUGWU CHUKWUEMEKA 2018/243660
EMMANUEL OKELEKE KELECHI 2018/243665
SUPERVISOR: Engr. Prof. E. C. OKORIGWE
Content
01 Background of study
02 Statement of problem
03 Aim & Objectives
04 Scope of study
05 Methodology
06 Design & Working Equations
07 Components used
08 Fabrication process
09 Model Training
10 Result
Problems faced and Recommendation
11
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
01 Rising concerns in Municipal Waste
Management
02 Importance of Automated System
03 Motivation for the project
STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
Absense of existing waste
sorting methods
Ineffiencient Waste Sorting
Low Recycling rates
AIM
To develope a Waste material
detection and seperation
system
1 Identify components of the
waste
OBJECTIVES
2
Design a mechanical
sorting sysem
Design a waste detection system using
3 machine learning, camera module,
arduino and a conveyor for precise
material identification
SCOPE OF STUDY
Sorting of three major
recyclable materials
(metal, paper& plastic)
Research
01
02 Design ( CAD Design)
METHODOLOGY
03 Fabrication
04 Performance test
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
EXPLODED VIEW
WORKING EQUATIONS
Components used
Arduino uno R3
Arduino Uno was used as the main controller, directing the
movements of our mechanical parts (conveyor system, receiver
train )
NEMA 17 Stepper motor
The stepper motor was used to
drive the conveyor system
SERVO MOTOR
Servo motor controls the left and right
movement of receiver bin in
STEPPER DRIVER
They have built-in translators that enable the
operation of a stepper motor
SOFTWARE
COMPONENTS
ARDUINO IDE
OPEN CV
MATERIAL SELECTION t
Provides support and stability for rotating
Steel shaft parts
Reduces friction and enables smooth
Ball bearings rotation of shafts and moving components.
Securely fasten components together to
Screws, nuts, bolts & washers assemble the system.
Gears Transmit motion and torque between shafts,
allowing for speed and direction control.
PVC Rollers .Guide and support the movement of
materials along conveyor belts or tracks.
Leather Used as a belt for the conveyor system
.
Collects separated waste materials for
Receiver bin
further processing or disposal.
Detects and captures images of waste
Camera Module items for analysis and sorting.
Provides structural support and framework
Wood . for the system.
Connect electrical components and ensure
Jumper wires proper signal transmission
. between modules.
Breadboard .
A
Acts as a platform for prototyping and testing electronic
circuits, allowing for easy connection and modification.
FABRICATION PROCESS
Belt
Hopper and
Fabrication Roller installation & Painting
receiver train
of the frame manufacturing motor holder
construction
construction
MODEL TRAINIG
PLASTIC
METAL PAPER
COST ANALYSIS
S/N ITEMS
QUANTITY PRICE
1 Nema 17 Stepper motor
1
17000
2 Arduino Uno
2 26000
3 MG 996R Servo motor
2 10000
4 Jumper wires 30 300
5 Gears 3 1500
6 Shaft 2
1800
7 Leather belt 1 1500
9
88 Arduino IDE
Camera module
Wood
1
20000
7000
10 Capacitor 1 50
11 Breadboard 1 1500
Objective nº 1
12 Adapter 1
Objective nº 3
5000
13 9v Battery 1
400
14 Screw Driver 3 1500
15 Bolts 20 1000
TESTING PROCEEDURES
Continious operation
Functionality Testing
testing
Detection accuracy Environmental
testing testing
Seperation efficiency
testing
RESULT
PAPER
Passes: 30
True Acceptance : 29 False rejection:1
True rejection:0 False Acceptance: 0
Efficiency: 97%
RESULT
METAL
Passes: 30
True Acceptance : 24 False rejection:3
True rejection:1 False Acceptance: 2
Efficiency:80%
RESULT
PLASTICS
Passes: 30
True Acceptance : 28 False rejection:1
True rejection:0 False Acceptance: 1
Efficiency:93%
Problems Faced
Problem 1
Materials
Problem 2
Cost
Problem 3
Time
CONCLUSION
Our project designed a waste separation
and detection system for municipal waste
management, comprising a conveyor belt
and detection mechanism. We aimed to
optimize detection efficiency by ensuring
individual, straight-line movement of waste
items on the belt
Recommendations
Vibratory feeder Robotics
Recommendations Contd
High-Resolution Camera
Integration
Infrared (IR) Imaging
Machine Learning
Optimization:
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