2024- Statistics

Grouped Data
Grouped data is the type of data which is subdivided into classes. Grouped data is not
purely raw data. In fact, in grouped data, some analysis has been already done and it
is classified.
Example: Frequency distribution is shown the marks in a test of 100 students:

Marks (class): 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89

Frequency : 10 14 26 20 18 12

Measure of the central tendency: -

4.1.A) Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) for Grouped Data

Let x1, x2 , … , xm be the center of classes of frequency distribution with (m) classes
and f1 , f2 , … , fm represent the corresponding frequencies.

Then the arithmetic mean (average) computed by:

∑m
i=1 fi xi f1 x1+ f2 x2 +⋯+fm xm
A. M. = ∑m
=
i=1 fi f1 +f2 +⋯+fm

Example:

a) There are 100 members in a basketball club. The different age groups of the
members and the number of members in each age group are tabulated below.
Calculate the mean age of the club members.

Age Group Number of members

10-20 17

20-30 22

30-40 20
Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics

40-50 21

50-60 20

Solution:

Mid − point = (Upper Limit + Lower Limit)/2.

For example, for the first interval10 − 20,

Mid-point = (10 + 20) / 2 = 30/2 = 15

Age Group Mid-point (xi ) Frequencies (fi ) xi fi

10-20 15 17 x1 f1 = 15 × 17 = 255

20-30 25 22 x2 f2 = 25 × 22 = 550

30-40 35 20 x3 f3 = 35 × 20 = 700

40-50 45 21 x4 f4 = 45 × 21 = 945

50-60 55 20 x5 f5 = 55 × 20 = 1100

∑ fi xi = f1 x1 + f2 x2 +f3 x3 +f4 x4 +f5 x5

= 255 + 550 + 700 + 945 + 1100 = 3550

∑ fi = f1 + f2 +f3 +f4 +f5

= 17 + 22 + 20 + 21 + 20 = 100

∑ fi xi 3550
A. M. = ∑ fi
= = 35.5
100

Example:

Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics
b) Rate of respiration of 43 fishes and their respective frequency was recorded as
follows. Find the arithmetic mean from data.

Rate of Resp. 2, 16, 20, 30, 39, 40, 45, 49, 50, 65, 70, 79, 80

Frequency 3, 4, 7, 7, 1, 3, 5, 1, 2, 2, 5, 1, 2

Solution:
Variable Frequency 𝑉𝑎𝑟.× 𝑓𝑟𝑒.
(x) (f) (𝑓. 𝑥)
2 3 6
16 4 64
20 7 140
30 7 210
39 1 39
40 3 120
45 5 225
49 1 49
50 2 100
65 2 130
70 5 350
79 1 79
80 2 160
∑ fi xi =1672
∑ 𝑓 = 43

∑ fi xi 1672
A. M = ∑ fi
= = 38.88
43

4.1.B) Geometric Mean (G.M.) for Grouped Data

Example:
Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics
Find the Geometric mean of the following distribution of data

Value 2-4 4-6 6-8

Frequency 8 3 2

Solution:
Value Mid-point fi xi fi
(xi )
2-4 3 8 38 =6561

4-6 5 3 53 = 125

6-8 7 2 72 = 49

∑ fi = 13

∑ fi 13
G.M.= √(x1 )f1 (x2 )f2 … (xk )fk = √6561 ∗ 125 ∗ 49 = 3.845

4.1. C) Harmonic Mean (H.M.) for Grouped Data

∑ fi f1 +f2 +⋯+fk
H.M.= f = f1 f2 f
∑ i + +⋯+xk
xi x1 x2 k

Example:

Calculate harmonic mean for the following data given below

Value 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

Frequency 8 20 20 6 4

Solution:
Value Mid-point fi
(xi ) fi
(x )
i

Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics
0-10 5 8 1.6

10-20 15 12 0.8

20-30 25 20 0.8

30-40 35 6 0.17

40-50 45 4 0.09

∑ fi fi
∑ x = 3.46
i
= 50

∑ fi 50
H.M.= f = = 14.45
∑xi 3.46
i

4.2) Mode for Grouped Data

Let we have a frequency dist. With(m) classes and let fk represents the larger
frequency in this dist. Which means that the classes which contain the mode is the
corresponding, then the mode compute from the following formula.

(fk − fk−1 )
MO = Lk + hk [ ]
(fk − fk−1 ) + (fk − fk+1 )

where

Lk : Lower limit of modal class

hk : Width of modal class

fk : Frequency of modal class

fk−1 : Frequency of class immediately before modal class

fk+1 : Frequency of class immediately after modal class

Example:

Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics
A. Calculate the Mode of Grouped Data

Suppose we have the following frequency distribution that shows the exam scored
receive by 40 students in a certain class.

Exam Score 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100

Frequency 4 8 15 8 5

Solution:

(fk − fk−1 )
MO = Lk + hk [ ]
(fk − fk−1 ) + (fk − fk+1 )

L3 = 71 , h3 = 10 , f3 = 15 , f2 = 8 and f4 = 8

(15 − 8)
MO = 71 + 10[ ]
(15 − 8) + (15 − 8)

Mode = 76

Example:

B. Calculate the Mode of Grouped Data

Suppose we have the following frequency distribution that shows the number of
points scored per game by 60 basketball players:

Points Scored 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50

Frequency 8 25 14 9 4

Solution:

In this example, the modal class is 11-20.

(fk − fk−1 )
MO = Lk + hk [ ]
(fk − fk−1 ) + (fk − fk+1 )
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 2024- Statistics
L3 = 11 , h3 = 10 , f3 = 25 , f2 = 8 and f4 = 14

(25 − 8)
MO = 11 + 10[ ]
(25 − 8) + (25 − 14)

Mode = 17.07

4.3) Median for Grouped Data

Median is the value which occupies the middle position when all the observations are
arranged in an ascending or descending order. It is a positional average.

(i) Construct the cumulative frequency distribution.

∑f
(ii) Find ( i ) th term
2

∑fi
(iii) The class that contains the cumulative frequency is called the median class.
2

(iv) Find the median by using the formula:

∑fi
(− Fk−1 )
Me = Lk + 2 × hk
fk

Where

Lk = The lower limit of the median class.

fk = The frequency of the median class.

hk = The length of the median class.

∑fi = The total frequency .

Fk−1 = cumulative frequency of the class preceeding the median class.

Example:

Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics
A) The following are the marks scored by the students in the Summative Assessment
exam. Calculate the median.
Marks Number of
Students
0-10 2
10-20 7
20-30 15
30-40 10
40-50 11
50-60 5
Solution:
Marks Number of Cumulative
Students Frequency(cf)
0-10 2 2
10-20 7 9
20-30 15 24
30-40 10 34
40-50 11 45
50-60 5 50
N=50
∑fi
Median class = ( )th value
2

= (50/2)th value = 25th value

Median class = 20 − 30

L3 = 20

∑fi
= 25
2

fk = f3 = 15 and h3 = 10

Fk−1 = F2 = 9

Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics

∑fi
( − Fk−1 )
Me = Lk + 2 × hk
fk

Me =20+([25-9]/15) ×10=20+(16/15) ×10

=20+10.6 = 30.6

Example:

B) The following table gives the weekly expenditure of 200 families. Find the median
of the weekly expenditure.
Weekly Number of
expenditure($) families
0-1000 28
1000-2000 46
2000-3000 54
3000-4000 42
4000-5000 30
Solution:
Weekly Number of Cumulative
expenditure($) families frequency(cf)
0-1000 28 28
1000-2000 46 74
2000-3000 54 128
3000-4000 42 170
4000-5000 30 200
∑fi
Median class = ( )th value
2

= (200/2)th value

= 100th value

Median class = 2000 − 3000

Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel
 2024- Statistics

Lk = 2000

∑fi
= 100
2

fk = 54 and hk = 1000

Fk−1 = 74

∑fi
( − Fk−1 )
Me = Lk + 2 × hk
fk

Me = 2000 + ([100 − 74]/54) x 1000

= 2000 + (26/54) x 1000

= 2000 + 481.5

= 2481.5

Dr.Shelan S.Ismaeel