CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
TOPICS :-
1. Quantity surveying
2. importance of Quantity Surveying
3. Duties of quantity surveyor
.
1.QUANTITY SURVEYING :-
Surveying means measurement while quantity means quantity.
Before getting any construction work done, the expenditure on it and the quantity of materials and
the number of laborers are pre-estimated by looking at the map with the help of calculation and
computation, it is called estimation.
Estimating the quantity of all necessary items (related to construction) in advance and finding out
the estimated cost by multiplying the quantity of items with the current rates is called
Costing
2. IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITY SURVEYING :-
Quantity survey plays an important role in making bills of quantities of various items related to
construction, whether it is a construction company or a subcontractor, billing work has to be done
for both.
We only use quantity surveying to do the work related to a project (Billing).
Quantity surveyor Works as a guide for project manager, planning engineer. We take the support of
quantity surveying for all kinds of work like time or any kind of change in project and change in
scope of work.
3.DUTIES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR :-
Quantity Surveyor
Surveying means measurement while quantity means quantity. In this way, Quantity Surveyor is
such a technically educated person who systematically and scientifically does the work of extracting
quantities of various items by systematically and scientifically measuring various engineering
works, in a standard way.
Quantity Surveyor also has a special place for doing work related to estimation and estimation,
because the degree of precision is also important in Quantity Surveying, so that between the
estimate made before construction and the actual estimate made after construction is completed.
There should not be much difference.
Quantity Surveyor & Job description
It is the responsibility of a quantity surveyor to ensure that the construction of the project remains
within the Sanction budget. Cost and material advance is also prepared by the quantity surveyor.
Through this it is told that what will be the effect and how much will be the cost of making the said
changes in the construction. A Quantity and Surveyor, after meeting with the Builder, Architect and
Site Engineer from time to time, takes a decision on any change etc. after consulting them.
A quantity surveyor has full financial and technical responsibility for getting a project
(construction) work done. Apart from this, it also comes under his responsibility that the entire
construction expenditure will remain within the Sanction budget. If a construction company does
not have a quantity surveyor, then it temporarily appoints a quantity surveyor who gives full
cooperation in the evaluation of the construction work and the billing work for the tender and its
submission.
Details of a Quantity Surveyor
1. Preparation of project related estimate. Planning and cost management to get the work done.
2. Preparing tenders, preparing bill of quantities, making contract conditions and making tender
documents and submitting them to the client.
3. To give advice from time to time regarding construction.
4. To evaluate the construction work.
5. Managing claim or dispute etc.
CHAPTER-2 TYPES OF ESTIMATES
TOPICS :-
1.Definition of Estimate
2.Types of Estimate
-Preliminary Estimate
-Rough Cost Estimate
-Detail Estimate
-Cost Estimate
3. Stages of Preparation
4. Revised Estimate
5. Supplementary Estimate
6. Annual Repair or Annual Maintenance Estimate
1. Definition of Estimate :-
Before getting any construction work done, the expenditure on it and the quantity of materials and
the number of laborers are pre-estimated by looking at the map with the help of calculation and
computation, it is called estimation.
Estimating the quantity of all necessary items (related to construction) in advance and finding out
the estimated cost by multiplying the quantity of items with the current rates is called
Costing.
2. Types of Estimate :-
The estimation can be divided into two parts :-
1) preliminary estimate /rough estimate
2) detail estimate/item cost estimate
(i) Preliminary Estimate
Under Preliminary estimation, the idea that came before implementing a project and the estimated
expenditure on the project is considered for determining its policy.
This type of estimate shows the roughly estimated cost of the proposed construction work and
administrative and other formal approval is taken from this type of estimate only.
Preliminary Estimate are of following types :-
1.Units or Running Rate Estimate
2.Plinth Area Rate Estimate
3.Cubical Content Rate Estimate
4.Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
5.Estimate Based on Material and labour
1.Units or Running Rate Estimate
This type of estimate is necessary for policy making. Administrative approvals are obtained on the
basis of this only. This type of estimate is quite satisfactory while making a project for any
construction work, such as road, railway, sea port, air port, canal, dam and bridge etc.
Per Unit Basis
1. For Building - per room, per person, per bed
2. For Road, Rail line - per km
3. For Bridge, Culvert - per metre span
4. For Water Storage - per kilolitre
5. For Schools - per classroom
6. For Hostels - per student
7. For Hospital - per bed
8. For Cinemas per seat
9. For Factories - per day
10. For Residential building - per Person
Example
Q) Find out the cost for the construction of a hostel for 200 students at the rate 50,000/- per student.
SOL) rate per student = 50,000
no. of students = 200
Cost = sate per student X No of student
50000 X 200 = 10000000
2. Plinth Area Rate Estimate :-
This estimate is made on the basis of the area of the building. For this the Plinth Area of the
building is calculated. The covered area which is at the Plinth level of the building structure is
called Plinth Area. The patio and other open areas are not included in the plinth area. In this way,
when the plinth area is known, it is multiplied by Plinth Area Rate and Plinth Area Rate Estimate is
made.
This is a rough estimate in a way. It is not that pure, but gets ready in less time.
Plinth area = floor area + width of wall
plinth area rate estimate = plinth area X p.a rate
Example:-
3.Cubical Content Rate Estimate :-
It is made on the basis of the volume of the proposed building. Estimated cost of the building is
calculated by multiplying it by the cubic rate of the building on the cubical area (L x b x h).
Cube of the building = Plinth area x Height of the building
The Cubical Content Rate Estimate is more accurate than the Plinth Area
Rate Estimate because it takes into account the ceiling height of the building.
The following enclosures are attached with the Cubical Content Rate Estimate of a building-
1. Report
2. Line Plan
3. Specifications
Estimated Cost = Cube x Cubical Content Rite
