Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

Project Title: Dual Axis Solar Tracker

Enroll. No. Name of Student

9921103001 Sarthak Gupta
9921103002 Rishabh Ralli

9921103009 Parth Garg

9921103012 Gargi Jugran

Course Name: Computer Networks and Internet of Things Lab

Course Code: 18B15CS311

Program: B. Tech. CS&E

3rd Year 6th Sem

2023- 2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Gaurav Kumar Nigam, Senior
grade, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida for his generous guidance, help and
useful suggestions.

I also wish to extend my thanks to my friends and other classmates for their insightful comments
and constructive suggestions to improve the quality of this project work.

Signature(s) of Students

Sarthak Gupta (9921103001)

Rishabh Ralli (9921103002)

Parth Garg (9921103009)

Gargi Jugran (9921103009)

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge
and beliefs, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor
material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma from a
university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been
made in the text.

Place: Uttar Pradesh, India - 201304

Date: April 30,2024

Name: Sarthak Gupta

EnrolmentNo.:9921103001

Name: Rishabh Ralli

EnrolmentNo.:9921103002

Name: Parth Garg

EnrolmentNo.:9921103009

Name: Gargi Jugran

EnrolmentNo.:9921103012

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work titled “Dual Axis Solar Tracker” submitted by Sarthak Gupta, Parth
Garg, Rishabh Ralli , Gargi Jugran of B.tech of Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida
has been carried out under my supervision. This work has not been submitted partially or wholly
to any other University or Institute for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Signature of Supervisor

Dr. Gaurav Kumar Nigam

Senior Grade

April 30,2024

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Serial No TITLE PAGE NUMBER

1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 6

2 INTRODUCTION 6

3 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT 8

4 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS 10

5 TINKER CAD SIMULATOR CIRCUIT 11

6 CONCLUSION 12

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

The solar tracking system plays a major role in which it is used to capture the maximum
power from the sunlight. During those days, the power generation method is not great as
now because there are many types of power generation system like nuclear power plant,
hydroelectric power plants,

Geo thermal power plants, other non-renewable and also renewable energy source power
generation methods. In this project, we use the solar power generation which is one of
the pollution free and zero emission process rather than non-renewable energy source

A device is needed that will vertical and horizontally adjust a solar panel, so it may
maintain a perpendicular relationship with direct sunlight. In turn, it will generate more
electricity than a standard, fixed solar panel. This is where a dual axis solar tracker comes
into project.

INTRODUCTION

Through an age of unprecedented technological advancement, humanity has developed

a gargantuan reliance on energy. Generating energy has become one of society’s most
prioritized challenges. In attempts to improve energy availability, the solar cell.

Fig 1 Power Graph generated Throughout the Day

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A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity, by using
photovoltaic effect.As the name implies, single-axis trackers move on only one axis of
movement while dual-axis trackers move on two axes. This means that solar panels with
a single-axis tracker can only move from East to West. Having a dual-axis tracker means
that the solar panel can move from East to West AND from North to South.

A dual axis solar tracker can produce up to 40% more power than other conventional
solar systems Plus, if you live in a region where the sun’s position varies with the seasons,
a dual-axis tracking system will be more precise and will help maximize the amount of
energy you produce.

Technology used in the project

 C language
 Tinker Cad simulator

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 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT

The project will consist of four critical components. The solar panel is the foundation of
the device which will be mounted and positioned above the base to a to improve
durability and structure competence. The base will provide stability to all the other
components. Between the base and the solar panel will be two drivers; a stepper motor
and a linear actuator. Each driver will have control of an axis, either vertical or horizontal.

This tracking system is designed to operate for a 25W, 12VDC Arco M-25 PV. The
general idea is that it will be able to track the sun up to 12 hours a day throughout the
year, depending on the location and weather of the region.

The design for the solar tracker is to follow the sun’s position by increments of time by
azimuthal and altitudinal axes. In order to track the sun on the azimuthal axis, a stepper
motor is used, while the altitudinal axis will be driven by a linear actuator. These are the
most common forms used in tracking systems, commercial or otherwise.

When sunlight incident on the solar tracker. it starts calculating and comparing that from
which direction the maximum intensity sunlight is coming ,after comparing the panel
above the system start to move toward the maximum intensity so that the solar panel has
the maximum intensity and makes the maximum power.

“The maximum intensity of light directly proportional to the maximum power convert “

•In our setup, we've incorporated a light-intensity module in place of the Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR) sensor. When sunlight interacts with the light-instensity module, it causes
a decrease in the module's resistance.

•This essentially means that the resistance is manipulated solely through exposure to
light. Utilizing this approach, the dual-axis solar system adjusts its position according to
the direction where the light causes the maximum decrease in resistance.

•The fundamental principle of this project revolves around the use of two servo motors,
facilitating the movement of the solar panel in various directions. The Arduino is
employed for handling all the processing, calculations, and other necessary functions.

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•The basic operation of the light-intensity module with Arduino involves tracking
changes in resistance based on light exposure.

•Moreover, it's possible to create a single-axis solar tracker using this setup..
The completed assembly should have a lower portion that is safe guarded by weather and
fall hazards; this portion will consist of the motor system, the microcontroller, and
battery. The opened portion will be the freely moving panel with framing and the
actuator. The end result of this design is to maximize efficiency, in regard to power and
costs

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 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

 This is the code that is passed in Arduino to simulate the working of sensor
accordingly .

#include <Servo.h>
const int servoPin1 = 6;
const int servoPin2 = 7; // Choose another available pin
Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;

void setup() {
pinMode(A0, INPUT);
pinMode(A1, INPUT);

servo1.attach(servoPin1);
servo2.attach(servoPin2);
}
void loop() {
int light1 = analogRead(A0);
int light2 = analogRead(A1);

// Map the light values to the servo range

int servoPos1 = map(light1, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
int servoPos2 = map(light2, 0, 1023, 0, 180);

// Ensure the servo positions are within limits

servoPos1 = constrain(servoPos1, 0, 180);
servoPos2 = constrain(servoPos2, 0, 180);

servo1.write(servoPos1);
servo2.write(servoPos2);

delay(10);
}

Fig 2 Code snippet of Arduino IDE

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TINKER CAD SIMULATOR CIRCUIT

Fig 3 Before Simulation

Fig 4 After Simulation

Fig 5 Implementation of Project on Hardware

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 CONCLUSION

The conclusion highlights the transformative impact of advancements in sun tracking

algorithms on solar energy systems. Solar thermal and photovoltaic systems have greatly
benefited from these developments, ushering in a new era of efficient energy generation.
By dynamically adjusting the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's trajectory
throughout the day, dual-axis solar trackers optimize energy capture.

Unlike traditional fixed-position panels, which are static and unable to adapt to changing
sunlight angles, solar trackers continuously align themselves perpendicular to the
incoming sunlight. This dynamic tracking capability allows them to capture a
significantly higher amount of solar energy, resulting in a substantial increase in power
output.

The implications of this technological advancement are far-reaching. It enables solar

energy systems to operate at peak efficiency regardless of environmental variables such
as time of day, season, or weather conditions. Additionally, the higher energy yield from
solar trackers enhances the economic viability of solar power generation, making it a
more attractive option for both residential and commercial applications.

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