Name: Bea Mae M.
Bolay-og Weather Condition: Sunny
Course/Year: BS ARCH 2A Location: Normal Rd. Baliwasan Zamboanga City
Temperature: 29°c Group No.:
Date Started: January 24, 2024 Subject: BEC 124 Surveying
Date Submitted: January 31, 2024
Laboratory Exercise No.1
Problem: PACING
Objectives:
a.) To determine individual pace factor (PF)
b.) To measure distance by pacing
A. Instruments and Accessories: Range Poles, Steel Tape, Markers ( hubs, paint, chalk, or
crayons).
B. PROCEDURE:
1. Determining Pace Factor.
a.) Select a straight and level course and on both ends establish markers at least 90
meters apart, Designate these endpoints as A and B.
b.) Walk over the course at a natural pace or gait starting with either heel or toe over
point A and count the number of paces to reach point B.\
c.) For succeeding trials, walk from B to A, then A to B, until 5 trials are completed,
and the number of paces is recorded accordingly.
d.) Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field data.
Taped Mean no. of
Trial Line No. of Paces Pace Factor
Distance (m) Paces
1 AB
2 BA
3 AB
4 BA
5 AB
6 BA
2. Measuring Distance by Pacing
a.) Define or establish the endpoints of another level course whose length is to be
determined by pacing. Designate these endpoints as C and D.
b.) For the first trial, walk over the course from C to D at a natural pace and record
the number of paces. Then, walk from D to C and again, record the number of
paces.
c.) Repeat the above procedure until all five trials are completed.
d.) After the field data is recorded, make an actual taping of the course CD to
determine the taped distance.
e.) Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of observed field data.
Paced Taped
No. of Mean Relative
Trial Line Distance Distance
Paces (Paces) Precision
(m) (m)
1 CD
2 DC
3 CD
4 DC
5 CD
6 DC
C. OBSERVATION
Table 1. Determining Pace Factor
Taped Mean no. of
Trial Line No. of Paces Pace Factor
Distance (m) Paces
1 AB
2 BA
3 AB
4 BA
5 AB
6 BA
7 AB
8 BA
9 AB
10 BA
Table 2. Measuring Distance by Pacing
Paced Taped
No. of Mean Relative
Trial Line Distance Distance
Paces (Paces) Precision
(m) (m)
1 CD
2 DC
3 CD
4 DC
5 CD
6 DC
7 CD
8 DC
9 CD
10 DC
D. COMPUTATION:
1. Computing Pace Factor (PF)
a.) Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed in course AB
then compute the mean number of paces.
b.) Divide the unknown or taped length of course AB by the mean number of paces
for AB to determine the pace factor.
2. Computing Paced Distance (PD)
a.) Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on course CD
and compute the mean number of paces.
b.) Multiply the mean number of paces for CD by the pace factor to obtain the paced
distance.
3. Computing Relative Precision (RP)
a.) Determine the difference between the taped distance of CD and the paced distance
of CD.
b.) Divide the difference by the taped distances of CD and reduce the numerator to
unity to determine the relative precision.
SOLUTIONS:
E. HINTS AND PRECAUTIONS:
1. The ends of the assigned courses should be marked with either hubs, marking pins, or
by chalk marks if on the pavement.
2. Range Poles are set or held behind the endpoints to serve as guides or markers during
actual pacing.
3. A steel tape should be used in laying out or in measuring the actual lengths of courses
assigned for pacing.
4. When taping, two measurements should be made for any line, and the mean recorded
as its actual length.
5. The length of a single step is termed a pace. It may be measured from heel to heel or
from toe to toe. Also, each two paces or a double step is called a stride.
6. Pacing consists of continuing the number of steps in a required distance and is best
done by walking with natural steps.
7. Pacing is used only when approximate results are satisfactory such as for estimating
distances used for sketching and in reconnaissance surveys. Pacing is also used as a
means of checking distances measured by more accurate methods.
8. To keep one on the line while pacing, it is good practice to fix one’s eyes on a distant
object on the range behind the pole at the farther end of the line being paced.
9. A partial pace at the end of the line should be figured out to be the nearest one-fourth
pace.
10. The accepted precision for measuring distance by pacing usually varies from 1/200 to
1/500.
11. Reject measurements that vary from the mean by more than three percent.
12. If the computed relative precision of the set of measurements is greater than one part
in two hundred, the measurements should be repeated.
F. REMARKS, GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND/OR RECOMMENDATIONS:
The determination of the individual pace factor necessitates the division of a known or
measured length of a linear path by the mean tally of paces taken to ambulate the said path.
When tasked with pace gauging an unfamiliar distance through pacing, it becomes requisite
to multiply the pace factor by the average count of pokes undertaken to traverse the distance.
During the computation of this factor, it is emperative to acknowledge the inherent
variability in the number of paces recorded across multiple trials. Concurrently, it should be
recognized that the steps required to cover an undisclosed pace distance are escalating owing
to its elongation beyond the reference length initially employed for factor derivation.
Furthermore, the inter-individual variation stemming from discrepancies in foot dimensions
further accentuates the diversity in pace factors. In the realm of engineering academia, due
emphasis ought to be placed upon comprehending and determining one's own pace factor -
a quintessential constant of considerable significance within the domain of surveying.
G. SKETCH
H. PHOTO GALLERY/ DOCUMENTATION
