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OHM ANALOG HAND WRITTEN Final

Analog electronics hand written notes

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
410 views319 pages

OHM ANALOG HAND WRITTEN Final

Analog electronics hand written notes

Uploaded by

subramanyam .b
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‘heed 2(-yo CHM INSTITUTE af The Destination for Elec lectronics Engineers LIBRARY : OHM Institute - Hyderabad, Prolog Gratts “Crests per eondidlag- 7 Crete: 7 Enegy Processiog —2 Gonesorten, Moter, T&D, PEs . - Crousthom Sig Sy Sipoal Processing | Sirforeretirey processing . ( : r Lrtormatten present to tue “form of electical” stynals ahfch ove orteroaig or Somall (Mr Gon -typreaty v—s-feo joopY 2 —»-feo mA ), of Sepals _- Analg (Arnpltode #8 cenHovous ) Aral st c ¢ Spire (Drserete I ampktude)- \ Stony © ¢ Sapo [oben = D Mason (p9) (Op of ahenna) / € Processing @ Stage (40D, RoM to Hen bron of tt) t ® Genmnoeiation ( Dyprol) §: 79 Lope geties ae ta betleltog Yocls %m Pigial Grcuts. {= 3"oparnp" is Be batlitag Block tm Araleg srostit- ‘ = © Op-Amp as a betlding block ¢ Infide op-omp —> yoo have “transistors as oenph-frers e Transistor. —s Srrfeenductsr devices t Pm jonedten —s-forcamemtal Serniconsaclay device - & @ Diode Spi —> op-anp @® Tronsta ( BII, FET) ASY—s Dr, Dace @) Fronts as amph-er of — Mw 6 Getting Fosiole op—amp © Miscallgneous toptes (oscillators, 555,dh,--.) SRAWaACF OHM INSTITUTE The & or Elec \d Electro “ Robo O kote SL 0+©=-@+9 le . O ot « . Quwreest ia R 0 Ohals bow: Mh =a i M= Vo ‘ Oo ia qc -—W f= VWy_V3 at C ef C ie «% Vc Re Gq Ri+Rr. 4 q = Coresrts —Aralyts (Baton Voltaye, Current ede) ¢ Design [ =) Network theory deals he Veo us Aechntques Usthg whtch one S con onalyre create - & @ V-Souree, J - Source q ® Rue (Linear , posstve) G ® depencene Sources —9 Nnear Be a0 Super—posi#ten (erly dor Hoear cls) ae @ thevioins, Mortons (Hpnear Nf) a LK @ -port theo. (near) uh Aralg = Neto Op —amp —> near me many nt )—3 Non Htoeor. ¢ & c © OHM INSTITUTE mat The © on for Elec Electro S 7 ( Op-Amp as a boflding block Q Arnplifter> Lean y he ie (Nloioy>? V-cemplicher (bray) ae / ip pert Olp port Cr s—- +5 ae or rm Vio # Rv ben | 7] Cc = 4 C o C ' VER }—__—_____| Rout = Re © 6, Up port rnecsures ta applied ‘Ip Volage (= Measures vonage usteg Voth meter © 1, from above 2 stotements =) %]p port is like a Volmelix ~¢ ~ Beally Ry should be forfinttc, because c py Voltmeter Ahovldnot draw any Convent: = (0) — Vv ( o& oe é if © Vo= Alen 9 Mp conbroiteg ofp vonoye \A™ XS c =": \bHoge. Ceniniled Vothoye Soorce: = ‘: = Rn > GE Pe egurvalet resistence Aeon looting to Yip Port. c => Rot > LE th Yotvalent vesstone Acen looting inte Op port- c efor 1 e a € > Boor onnpli-fer 36 characte zed 4 ¢ @ Goto «© @Rm —»# | sat © @ Rooke tp fee Ain © Lumeat AmpiBer? —op~2 CCS ftument Lenhdied Cantent Soored i Dp port vitke Areneter(Ra) —> Ra=o (ideally ) Rm=o 4 roeaty. Cc * Rook= [fin oor = Ri © Quyt=Ra Ry Rp Root = Rp ¢ [. #0 “7 e — I whbd 4): OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electr 4 = Frone Cordactanu. Arepifiers p= ojp = 5 Rin = \ Ro= Seal fn = Ry = oR Rae JY To= GVin 3 VECS- Poses Br =) Tons Vesstane Araplefier: op=V | ase p= L bm Ly 5] Root= need Binz Ry Rote Vo = RI~y =) Cevs. . tip op Rin | Rou \ Loop v v ° ° S- omp Tt £ ° ° Frontend | V x “ ca Frons—‘vestsfora! V 0 ° | Q. fr Wohaye ampiedter has gatn = 10005 Rin=IK, Rout = 1k - S49 ts ~ dytver lay a VoHaje. Source hose Merternal Yowstonce. 15 Ik & He amnplt-her fs loa by 1k, Bod Kee overall VoHaye gatn F wy uae CET Vpo= Vs Vp = 500 Vty 2 = 5v0 Vi), No — asp ce Av = Vbloye gota A ANAS aN ae ree i K ANA A RRMWIVN GD OO Vv o C ¢ c i" IG é é € ec c £ Lp-eop \olase Armpifier ¢ iG & G « t U c G c OHM INSTITUTE The D on for Elec Electro Av— Voltaye gdin 5 © Aor —» open cht VoHaye gata —» RL vio! 5G, & fenteas \Lampli fier each wit. gatr= 1000, Rir=Ik, Root = IK ae Connected fo Cascade. Ff -Ha 1S amplifier ¢¢ olriven bya. VoHye Source CFL fortema) rAMMance oft [ RD, Hind He overall voltae gatn &. £ [art ampefter 1 loaoledl by. VK2- voltage fource ] . AVins = 1000 Vina Srey J000Vina x IK = Sx0Vina = a5 Ve (sy) ak 2 OIG = 1200 5+ B00 Vina = Sox asoVs. owt eS 1, 88,000. bs Vo= AY Vm =(V)-(L) = Vp + ‘NL =p poem [ox AND oe = Toeal ep—omp = Teal V-omplter —y AO = Vo VL = WR wR) hPa, HL RytRo. Connected ?n =o = A(Ve-— VL) . V Sefes . Vo= A(Vy — Mok | Rit Re Mele ARY = AV Rit Ro a 1 = ib AR a4 1 _ Vio fa
@ Me. = SitRe Vin R Gs ' Rin —9 00 Roto [ere i+ Re | mtv san ) QO — OHM INSTITUTE and Electronics Engineers’ ( The Destination for Electr ot, Cys VL = Vey (R-# Roe Ry ra [ Ri “lend, = Vy = my when Ao a Ff Wee ey c CRealshort) (Verbal short) = From tte ame rovlt ye = Ve = Vy =) te Ath termmrals at { C Vertually shorted. a d , A® C Op-amp ic % negedtive feed back . 6 anya ¢ > Whol short Gondtnes (Vy UL) “ye @ EIS Tdea! Op—amp . Op-amp Should Se % Negative —feecl book’ AITO ES RAR nH + Vo SeViy have opporete six. No be Ven cof) be 180" out ot phase. 1, Eovertig Aenplifior c R ay, 1 iG — eS ue oe rere Ve « u _— “OM No : > I Ro Re Re Weighted Summer =~ Rp PM. + Me © Goetghts ave negackre Wonk Ry | C Alp is & near comb of 25 8 Vox (8 vt EB) Va. The De A&B are at some poten ital Valhe VR RiFRe = fe hte Vy & be RitRa/ Ri “Tee 6) . Rte but fat Ah VR ML te Ro RAR RAR, Ro VR de ag} RR =P MM Certo \- = jij e [ Ri+Ro = R & <™f RR is Rarer Ri Mm MV _y Rk RR ee or: , ele] “, DPRferenx. Amplser. AAR AwIDA LNs SOOM KK RAR AA ee - ary >) cao % § DrSforenkatar circott Difference Ampliser 3 y_ Re cy, 4 ~ yo CHM INSTITUTE al and Electronics Engi The Destination for Electr yt Vol) pre LSP iss 7 i) =) (mane EE 4 Ls Vos —Re dVrtey _ at "<3 Moy ‘rrerting Aroplor <> b=(14+52) Vin 3 vtipicakon ot #Me No. Tnvers, MN ig Amplifin <5 yp CH Vin = tlplicactfen wHé. Ve No L&Ighted Bamer ghted Steven yy en esa <3 Addition V2) =) subhiac8 on Tnteprater fi meg = =-! 3 \o oe [were =) Totegral Differ enkotay — oe =) Vo=-R det) = pfferentyal oe ease VerBous moh. openatons . The D ${ 8 sh x I< WWTDD = Hog ake =) om -. Vaomss 8k =08V i 2. Naess des -2 8V G: Ge 082, “Oy = tag? Tye Le vng - e 2Bt> abe pa — OHM INSTITUTE ) and Electronics Engineers! The Destination for Electr tok OMe H eae Ve + love Whe et 42>. ce te ve tk 10Ur Ak a T= got ant - F ; : % =e = 0.2SmA cf eae oC = se) Beosms: + 0.85 +0-SmA +1 = O- ¢ iG Jo = —0.45mA cf = [ { Ik i C € 7, 4 HU & MA Be feedback eter La & m We) ® Break +a loop ® Apply Ver . leopat ral . a @ Lge Ver « ne t ® vace ait Otkiex enteral p's xaro- & Vo = —ABV, @ Cc a mn > AB (sen Of loop gat determines the typeot feedback _. 4 — OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electrical and Electro} Oo ISk, Pinet max Te Ra wll — Zener Is In break down, 30 2) aL Ve=4v Aol: . Aol: ie “wey fla [be on Ick. av Re 4 i Zz 70 =I or zener tobe W R-B-D 2. 19mA = 1540. 2, < bums. = — OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electr and Electronic 13 Ve= avr 3 = Ve 4 2 ‘ Wer = alg Vs e het Ale) & Veet = Ay fe 7 \: +, Loop Gan = Vrot C ; = ACS) = +AB wT deeclbocle fasts = Vig 6 @ We e Ve = vn of ™ Vme { ~ Positive -ferclback - é ~. Vet = ¢ nf ¢ Ore Vy rer = AL Ma] € o. Vree ary f ‘ =of] - ak : . Ni REY, : Ok Ee id € % Np | ‘ x < yh Ve « 3k t = Vox a zy 2 Gr use vertvat aor FTE : “ NgjaRve fib « s Vs c View Me Moka a[Me avr 3wWo a= Vo ve z ] $5) & Vas 3x2» Me=z 8 wit Cw ed OHM INSTITUTE The & jon for Elec J Electro Qo Fisers Mom Rey vy RAR a ame at au te ~ Freq venctes. mot a “Bate fiber, Low pass SHer: R Vo Mp wt” pear Yen ~ Vecar R+ Zo Ror T Ne(jo) _—— Maynihocle (gain) Veja) —— REFio4y ™ Pham (phan Adit) l@= —! yg, & =) Ol Mererxt at ARP Treqvencter Vie ur R202 j JAl= a Vivoteica U9 oydey C1) wes. wre <<) Re labo) Q) wrod wre ss) Re Als ORE £0 LOH Freqoeny Cove) 2— Te by the Hegooney tloteh gat comes Kia. boner $k Highest Valve wh) = Ammx Kk ay ea) ong eee Yl Nay ee Da of 2 AANA. Q BKE-9 9 x ccc ee “Moarc CEEOL PANO COMDI TO MAT ¢ TCO < a OHM INSTITUTE The © or Elec dl Electro al } _ 4 Gadn tn alk =8oleg la} Vince VE Arron = 1048, gap 1 an Ali) ot Joa, dg Qa 2 Power of Vorhaye so AE he toh Freoqvensy Power wit) become hall of a maria Per. , artoLP regu oxy 18 ako Called “hattpate Bacon * Order of ~the AHer ¢ ——e eee TE NO) orgy Dea) Hos —! I+/Ss_ ) Saodard ao oft led pace hey Ve Vo a a ota R Rw Va R+ Ue, = ROOF] elie? Rojo Velo) juRepp Ale WRe i ———— [ates +e : wage 4 — OHM INSTITUTE and Electronics Engineers! The Destination for Electr 22 i the> Le ae = - C Nv. of energy sforaye elements = 1 f 1) Orel = 1 ; ! We t= c Y RCA) ay 4 € — & jae Rw= eae ——» wo 7 . High pacs la} Bw 00 t ¢ O TT! Shop ~ 1 Ba; y Sere ! ! o + Band pags band ve/eck [stop nO OHM INSTITUTE The © or Elec il Electre mM o6O (00) Le _) a CO 8 =toptH2 [~~ | uk slo kH2. fo ee © 9 Borel pace Suter etnies « - cf Bona utc = look ~/ok. Cae) _ = ok. _ CH Min order of LPF = Min oycler of HPF = 2 at : Min order od analposs Ile = Qu MOafmuay Order of bona stop Pillar \ ~~ Ge @% LPF « We=lokH2. G ve « c (Ose) Ve. d Bara stop Siter & HPF « (ex looktin « : Stop Sano! = toktte 1 lookthe. ae ve & | Type of Bitar neal ee oy wf c UZ Ren g > cal K ve . Mo =f a-)-R& 1~Ser Ve 8 (Rea | ba G Vofo) nfocR ip reage (Rea+i) (1+Rea) “i Gos Boo? .. ic Ve (jus) QC pcr) Raa Ree U e — I . = yp Padependtent: of e =) Al poss per ~ NBR NH oe AT PRO RRR Rees J OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electrical and Electro 0 Le | at LF —5 0.0 25 © foc WP —s Short erat LPssse 4bLo Mpp—s0¢ a +2]. u [eat a = V(l4aLc) Ye = R(Itstle) aoa = a arAle aa. + Sa) Bane Ann Vo fies A LOREAL 4 — OHM INSTITUTE al and Electronics Engineers t The Destination for Electr 26 ¢ i L th Lip b=: é er Wie bao: eo Loopass Alc F Tq Oider= 2. c G G v ae ue Yo gata @ VLF @ VHF Okoker 2 : Ee Ri toe cy & GE L 3 Ve—Vo - a ¢ Ry S Vo Ge R Gat) cat! , cs LAC open Ro ds Rit+Ro | Q Vo \b a, & HP Wy a J} we = Vp } Ve Cate A =e « L Ve G4te) CR/%) & ce 40m RIG Soe ay In RNG & @ Ri canbe nejleckea at HFC ( C Older= 9 We= 9 ' Tl a Ht. (2 dato @ VERE 9 Y _ 1 gam @ VHE=9 we we ae ve Vo= VP os ga =4 The Destir fe ee en a ely Gg, cy \o = — re fg Oe cl . OAder = 4 1 © We) ac ke Y ie pn T= RCH+Q) 4H : ODT AS = < 2 . Dv a cy 7 oe BF oT PP = o & b = = lars & at LE c Hig Hroroeoey., ¢ shove s Vo=0 - ep v1 Low pass Site of 1% orcler t thio) = Amax f Ma c Vol) =—%_ = ~ ele A vies) coe Gory 7 eee « . Arrax = Ro/p, xc a) % ~ Roe ic Cc G OHM INSTITUTE A Electro! Ro . _ Vo Ohater = 1 at az UF WHO Haetneth =) wy tr 4 at high drnvenry = HE Vb. Ro ve R) be Ry Pile v RCA+) + YRe “nS as Wen “= "Ric R R Vh Type of Biers 2 R LE =Vo=\ IA)=4 oy HR = a Males netier low pass nor high pass A pare. + Re “Type of Alter 9 order 9 Re @ Ce ae iJ L HE Ve. R wr 2 Vu 1S orcter boGupass 5 -. Vor Ve z A hana a WeaAT A 2) C OHM INSTITUTE or Elec A Electro! & She: 29 at high Arepuenty SB Cr ‘L c Ye (a = C =Ve oO “G Dr 1S ordoy lov post HF =o. PRADO OR OO Mme NR RR ve OHM INSTITUTE 4 Electro! TOPCO ON Rm OIA Ts Ae OHM INSTITUTE or Elec 4 Electro! le 3! 1G é FR ~] ,~ re 13 J LP = \b=o. | cy = iO bFHs30 e Sandpase c 3 eee eee 5 S, Nh _ Rag = Vir a Dr Procecsse 6 Pd Reg 2 + Connest a Voltaye Aouree Up dy let Up bee Cumrent- Howtng out of potittve Heentnal. © Make all otter dependent Aorces ere . eo Rega 7 " é G a §psouree. Ray py led (> Riv ty tha equivalent sustance Aten ¥ Pp Aovree Co Root th He egutvalent Auritonce Aeen by leae ‘C9 To Bnd Rag, Aten any element; tupac Max porbasler element cop. whaye source Vy anol Rog = Ve. Gf TAO OHM INSTITUTE The DB dd Electro - How to Bad Riv for doy arnplifers 32 ‘ oO O (1) Replace Mp Aovree (Ve along tl Re) BH a Voltaye Aovree Vp, Cc € Ry = Ve > Gy a 7 9 Ard Root Br omy senpircere 7 Replace. (PHL Voltye Aouree Wr Call other sources hould k 240). 6 Lot Re resale Bf Bt here, ve ‘ Rot = _Vie Or. «& C Vo Fool Rin & Rout Ge ve G. ‘ C Ro “ A Ry G Ro U Root =0 « Vo. c ©—?F e « Ve fr P= C R Kl peel eoac ce aN oF Ca Che V2 QOS ORO ECE EAR Rm TAT IT Oo OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electrical and Electronic OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Elec and Electr Rin = of Rout <0. Vou Vo _ Wey, Py+2R, OR Voie = (Pxt3y Cn—y) = Gen) yw) We (i+ ENE Bon | 3y oD 50 PON O AD AAR RIN A QAR RAS a ar Lac Se 4 j- ‘ The Destination for Electrical OHM INSTITUTE . po Oe. [ | 35 oS R Tig Mo MM, Ve no 3 Vy 1BR) Ro Rime Me RR Ri CR 4ARe) Be R Ri Ry LA IROnL roe orn oe ee ~ eur CPR ARIMA RN ROMO TAS OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electr = Ye Tre Je & Ye ae ara — Paraléal. (vertu) Mi rae « &¢ % Me 88 a de” v G ae ve a Amy siuot™ =A us -_— S logo x bmVAM ot =1V Afneot Uo *€ Op—omp adds srongk do the Th pot-signad . & “to amplinhy ee Afgnad op-amp Neca! De Afgnad . “ Wee be ey 1s, lov, SV “ G lov - a: —Vee Any nola wo Haye | +0£ Yy & lo- i oI OHM INSTITUTE A Electro! Ef Veni -Iscbels Ostpst Vottaye Axtrated cot” whos Loe ale ee es Is Draw tha ap Convery _ : + Vo fe Jn gost |20,000 Vp =dAwt AS Vio he Bod Vo - fe ue © Vor Vy, The D fon for Elec Ket 5 \ ® Wwew Vin —2V bot oar ‘alse ~1°/—Vat) Vo = -Qx6 =—pV wv EA Vost=—lov *, BP V_ of =) foficite -+ Unwiaite + v P ae —Vsot Ve Vat Vo = Ve | B= Re 9 4 _ Rit Ro tet Lgl) Plot Wb Mk Ve Vy Bye. | S08” = Meas Clocksowse* Cano Ce 6. Ces, Vo = + Vict Vo = —Viat Yye>Mw Vo > \ BYsat > Vip Ve 7 —BVbot % —Bihoe < Vr < BVsat =o We ae not Sore of He ofp & Vp: oo & +0 Lett te Riglor (Trerearre) Frovy Vip; —co"ts - Boot =) Vo —9 +Vsot ot —Bikax, Vy = 2% = Bikar > V- (hex) Y Conover ts 22 +Viot ot BVoot => V+ = Bo. afte ANat 3 Vo =—Wot Ny: 40 © 0 OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electr C 5 At BVsot & —BVet ofp Sedaeny Chayys «flora eat te — Var & Vv. 53 So Heme on called dp porns - AL (8 Upper Hip potest UTP = + BV cot Cc & Lever tp pont LIP = —BVsat CP Pysterdss uth =) weil of hyretsis loop £ = UTP—LIP o = QBVeat 9 DP Vp bls He ab punts en Vb Gepenols sy He atree-Hen In hich You reach that Value of ap. [ee tae = Sec ne Sa] Gite gg tn ony arection, he dlp doer not change ot “Hie vet Hip Piet, bot tH etl Change at He 874 ha potnr a +S Vo Plot Vo Ue Vaz -ls SIE SO RAR RR SRR AAR « SE He feecitacl. VL so. c vu f Vo = + Veet Gael) Vo = hor 43 GxGn Wea is a Vo = 416 Vac Ve ; Vay Ve 34h <0 Si 2 Z 20 4 Vi : 32 + Me ¢ Sy Vp < +20 OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electrical and ElectronicseAgineera! Vo 150+ who 4s freiclecko vap= +30 é Lap= -30- a a q GE Ce ( aa ¢ d ol we @ G. Vo. 7 ¢ Cc Mess cf cag Plot Vo Vs Vo *¢ Vee aay eee) wv “¢ T 1 “ Gc Ny. = \e-+19- & Ve = Mong & 2 We flo 3 Vb oe + Vio = 20V S Cox) \o= +a0v Gx@ We ~2V “ GeO be ie Var Ve VL o -2 Ve +5 > -2Vp aa “ | 2 Ye -5< -aVe a | > —aVe rT ne | Vp < 26 c | tL _. vips 26 aor lao- 48 CORR RRA = es = o 4 ~ - a4 AAAS OHM INSTITUTE A Electro! 43 The or Elec Vo chads} a (Lanide — 7 : Vs 4s a “Ta * 80 “a a Va Draw Vo over 1 cyte # Ne Vo-V+ _ Vy —0 ott 4 a Oke @Plot Vo Vs Ve tb- Vv, Vo Db = 20 Ci) Vo = 20 > 20, Va VE Ves Ve Bo\b> Ve B-¢20)< Ve = Vk <6 Vo >a Ih, <6 a7 ® 307 [ VEs=3 OHM INSTITUTE and Electronics Engineers! The Destination for Electr by a. te ev Ve = 28h wt A, raw Vo over Ieyule- ee ae ak co Q. Tok sv Vo mates a cronsttim deren 4169-15 © Vy. ben Vin SV HA re Alope toe O) SV BH 10 lope C © BY be Aopen ¢ @ x bok, Alopeo ee ~16V 3k 3 av Le ,RIADAA 2,22 2) 2) ca OHM INSTITUTE i Electro <9 Bo 3V4 = 10V4 —Q0° tr V+ = Vo +20- Vax 36 +20 (9 Vs tisV (® \b= sv 3 13y, V4>V- Vy Vp ae +B < Ver A an C€ co of C *, { —Vsot. Gu & € Vie Viyep Nowe ' © No rone © ag C Ves 2n = Vos +Viat & Positive Noice. (0-2V) : eer «& Vp © 2.3) Vou +Veor _& Negative noise (-0.aV) vos == ver ®) t 4 =I C.D Compmatss Seiler Frorn Noise =} Can Neal & Fn correct fudyerectt C { vend 7 “Cy OHM INSTITUTE The Destination for Electr [Rae “tT Ti er DH) pos Noise (0-2) — BD) Ney noise: T) No notre Ve = 2.1 Vo = 4 Vo=—Nbae Vo = —Viox > Schonttt Gegger i$ fmmune to Hu noise: PHD IS Hla raxtmun Noise Het “Hie Sthmitt bigger oon ‘olerate A Order Re ckeestt (= RC) R Vo @ Yp is apphed at t=0- qT; => Cerett stare at t=0o- Vs cee x ® tm want Vote) br +0 Creo Onolg at t= 08 fp = De bioye soovce ® Every node voltage & every bench, Curent ts of -ha fore: (etHtoe © @) V] @t=" @tzot ae ® cet reaches Steady Sto ot t= 00 @ Be steady state > deun@ t= AN Voltages Ae Canes ave De = Av= at=o @ Gracies TaCa . wv = 0 @de $9) —f op creat] oe KE AA Ay OHM INSTITUTE 4 Electro! The D Graver: i ln tas - LAL 9 (@ 085) —3[ Short Creare) “ot at ( Vo =\k Choat) c Cn ao FYOQ | ( ¢ —9 Gpaettsy is Yoel Unchanged \ Ve t=0) =o 9 Voltoye Hho Gd ler Canet change. Soden} ( if Velo) =Velor= Ve lat) i — Molto) = Ve Geo <0 Ctonitat) { * V=eRe ( > Yow = Ve + (o~ Vk) @ WRC « Vout) = Vs ()— a the) € No t oud eee ae f & € 0 — © r vo. Vat me ee —Veak OHM INSTITUTE The D or Elec 4 Electro! g a Overau f/b ts poRIe =\ ; Ne eeu| = oo tor 19 orcler Re etreont O Vou +Vsar Tok = BYhat Bool = —Veot 3 VYo=+ Veot 7 PotHol= —BVtat Bro =+Vior 4g AAA MI- mae OHM INSTITUTE - The 6 or Elec J Electro ‘ o cy O poster exponeeRaly chargteg Rds chogig bho Usps LIP 4q © @® Vo & a Yeetonguler coave-torn Ho Vet & Vat ©. @O® Vea +Wrat © Vo~ —Vaux ce Cpa tex cherng. 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(in) — ax) = 0V mc Mp Ge 3ms) ne 4 — OHM INSTITUTE Engineers The Destination for Electr and Electronic a R Ve, beans whos C oe pn \e cep J ; Moo c C= pr D?Herenkalev Draws Hr ofp coaretoren [wu=—Fe Re Ute) ‘ Volt=Ams) = — Ame > fms = ~IV- € Vo Ce= Qe) = Ix Wha = IV Cox ° Draws tee Op worectorm 4 gO ese t =| ~@ Ve = —Veok t Vote) = = y Lf eran r @ Ve = + Vso Mb € Whede aL. ggg b= Mba . ¢ Re Re - ¢ © Ve = —Veot Me =) é aes c Vote = Heat ple « « ® t ¢ ; uIP Ne C The —~ Olp of Mnlepratsy Vb, 4 tp OF ST OHM INSTITUTE Olp of SF Vog % Np of Tnteprale- ® Vog= +Vsor ® Voa= --Viat Vo) —-5 Neate Romp - Vo —s poste. Romp (Rt) (Lr) io ee id olan Vo) = UTP, oo = Veo b Vog~ + Veot Vox. M, cp ump ‘by Vo2 =) Sqwane waren Hog + Vor & —Vscct ) SHRongrolar coave-forn blo LTP & UIP: Veet} +t A Electro! Se 4 j- The Destination for Electr OHM INSTITUTE Engineers al and Electronic ol 53 SOON AK FOO ROCA Ammo DIA FAA Cero TS at $8 Sefne Awttch Opens ot t=0. Flad Vete) for +> 0. 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