ENGINEERING DRAWING
DRAWING used by draftsmen
Graphical representation of any guide for drawing horizontal lines
object or idea on drawing tables
Can be prepared using free hand or guides a triangle to draw
using engineering instruments or vertical/diagonal lines
using computer programs
SCALE OR RULER
TYPES OF DRAWING needed for measuring sizes and
1. ARTISTIC DRAWING distance
Drawing which is sketched in free for transferring measurements
hand using imagination
Proper scaling and dimensioning are DRAWING PENCIL
not maintained used for drawing straight and
curved pencil lines; freehand or
2. ENGINEERING DRAWING mechanically
Graphical language used by pencil grades:
engineers - H – hard (H-9H)
Fully and clearly defines the - B – soft (B-6B)
requirements for engineered items - F – fines
Two-dimensional representation of - HB – medium
a three-dimensional object
Art of representing a real or MECHANICAL PENCIL
imaginary object precisely Used to hold leads of various
Uses graphics, symbols, letters and hardness
numbers with the help of
engineering drawing instruments DRAWING/TECHNICAL PENS
representing engineering objects Used for lettering and drawing lines
such as buildings, roads, machines, Vary from different point (0.1 mm
circuits etc. on a paper to 2.0 mm)
used by engineers and technologists. Steadler, Rotring, Faber Castle
provides all information about size, Rule in handling technical pens
shape, surface type, materials etc. of - Handle with care to avoid blots
the object and broken tech penpoints
COMPASS
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING Used to draw circles and arcs
DRAWINGS Pencil and pen point
universal language of engineers
display a precise picture of the DIVIDER
object to be produced. Use to transfer dimensions
conveys the same picture and Consist of two legs with a needle
information to every trained eye. point
Legs should never be oiled
BASIC DRAWING TOOLS
TRIANGLE PROTRACTOR
thin, flat, right-angled piece of used to measure or layout an angle
plastic or metal with acute angles of or an arc
45 , or 30 and 60 used for circular or semi-circular
drawing vertical or inclined lines celluloid protractor – metal
that are multiples of 15
DRAFTING TAPE
T-SQUARE
ENGINEERING DRAWING
used to adhere drawing media to the Do not hit scales and triangles on
working surface edges
Clean plastic tools with soap and
DUSTING BRUSH water only
Used to brush loose graphite and Never sharpen leads over drawing
eraser dust from a drawing or table surface
ERASER REMINDERS ON THE USE OF
Used to remove pencil lines and DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
graphite smudges from a drawing Don’t use scale as a ruler
Don’t put oil on joints on compasses
ERASING SHIELD Cork the ink bottle all the time
A metal plate with various slots and Don’t use the edge of the T-square
openings as a guide in cutting the edge of
used to protect line work when a paper
portion of the drawing is to be Always clean your instruments after
erased using them.
LEAD POINTER
Used for sharpening mechanical - No construction or
pencil leads manufacturing of any (man-
made) engineering objects is
PENCIL SHARPENER possible without engineering
Use to sharpen drawing pencil of drawing
varying grades.
ELEMENTS OF ENGINEERING
IRREGULAR CURVE / FRENCH DRAWING
CURVE GRAPHICS LANGUAGE
drafting tool used as guide in - Describe shape
mechanically drawing irregular
curved lines WORD LANGUAGE
Used to lay out any noncircular - Describe exact size, location,
curve and specification
LETTERING GUIDE ENGINEERING DRAWING
Used to lay out guidelines for
lettering
GRAPHICS WORD
LANGUAGE LANGUAGE
TEMPLATE
A thin, flat, plastic tool with various
Geometric Lettering
size openings of different shapes
construction
used to expedite the drawing of
standard features Projection
Method
RULES FOR MAINTENANCE AND
CARE OF DRAFTING MATERIALS Line Types
Keep hands and equipment clean
Keep all instruments clean and dry
Do no bend templates sharply INTRODUCTION TO TYPES OF
Do not use templates or scales as LINES
straight edges for cutting tools
ENGINEERING DRAWING
Thin line usually drawn at a 45-
degree angle.
Indicates the material that has been
cut through in a sectional view.
Center Lines
1. VISIBLE LINE – Represent features
that can be seen in the current view
2. DIMENSION LINE, EXTENSION
LINE, LEADER LINE – Indicates the
size and location of features
3. Hidden Line – represents features that
cannot be seen in the current view
4. Center Line – represents symmetry,
path of motion, centers of circles, axis
of symmetrical parts
MAIN LINE TYPES
VISIBLE / OBJECT LINES
Dark, heavy lines
Used to represent the outline or
contour of the object being drawn.
Define features you can see in a
particular view
HIDDEN LINES
Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.
Shows the outline of a feature that
cannot be seen in a particular view.
Used to help clarify a feature, but
can be omitted if they clutter a
drawing.
Dashes should join at corners.
SECTION LINES
