PP (homopolymer, 30% PP (copolymer, 30% PP (copolymer, impact, PP (homopolymer, 20% PP (10-12% stainless

glass fiber) glass fiber) 30% glass fiber) glass fiber) steel fiber)
General information

Included in Materials Data for Simulation

Materials Data for Simulation name Plastic, PP (30% glass fiber) Plastic, PP (20% glass fiber)

Composition overview

Material family Plastic (thermoplastic, Plastic (thermoplastic, Plastic (thermoplastic, Plastic (thermoplastic, Plastic (thermoplastic,
semi-crystalline) semi-crystalline) semi-crystalline) semi-crystalline) semi-crystalline)
Base material PP (Polypropylene) PP (Polypropylene) PP (Polypropylene) PP (Polypropylene) PP (Polypropylene)
% filler (by weight) (%) 30 30 30 20 10 - 12
Filler/reinforcement Glass Glass Glass Glass Stainless steel
Filler/reinforcement form Short fiber (<5mm) Short fiber (<5mm) Short fiber (<5mm) Short fiber (<5mm) Long fiber (>5mm)
Additive None None Impact modifier None None
Polymer code PP-GF30 PP-GF30 PP-I-GF30 PP-GF20 PP-Me10

Composition detail (polymers and natural materials)

Polymer (%) 70 70 50 - 60 80 88 - 90
Impact modifier (%) 0 0 10 - 20 0 0
Glass (fiber) (%) 30 30 30 20 0
Stainless steel (fiber) (%) 0 0 0 0 10 - 12

Price

Price (EUR/kg) 2,3 - 2,78 2,34 - 2,67 2,54 - 2,75 2,26 - 2,73 2,54 - 3,34
Price per unit volume (EUR/m^3) 2560 - 3160 2610 - 3050 2810 - 3100 2290 - 2960 2520 - 3400

Physical properties

Density (kg/m^3) 1120 - 1140 1120 - 1140 1110 - 1130 1010 - 1080 991 - 1020

Mechanical properties

Young's modulus (GPa) 5,67 - 6,78 4,7 - 5,67 3,27 - 5,12 3,9 - 5,02 1,39 - 1,47
Specific stiffness (MN.m/kg) 5,04 - 6,03 4,16 - 5,03 2,93 - 4,58 3,71 - 4,81 1,38 - 1,46
Yield strength (elastic limit) (MPa) 61 - 97 51 - 75 53 - 69 45 - 68 25,5 - 26,8
Tensile strength (MPa) 61 - 97 61 - 77 53 - 69 45 - 68 25,5 - 26,8
Specific strength (kN.m/kg) 54,2 - 86,2 45,2 - 66,5 47,5 - 61,8 42,8 - 65 25,4 - 26,8
Elongation (% strain) 2,8 - 4,47 4,1 - 5,28 4,81 - 7,73 3,23 - 4,48 9,64 - 10,4
Elongation at yield (% strain) 2,5 - 3,69 3,37 - 4,44 4,23 - 5,29 3,25 - 4,14 9,64 - 10,4
Compressive modulus (GPa) 5,67 - 6,78 4,7 - 5,67 3,27 - 5,12 3,9 - 5,02 1,39 - 1,47
Compressive strength (MPa) 73,2 - 116 73,2 - 92,4 63,6 - 82,8 54 - 81,6 30,7 - 32,2
Flexural modulus (GPa) 4,93 - 5,82 4,21 - 5,17 3,98 - 4,39 3,39 - 4,13 1,2 - 1,52
Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) (MPa) 100 - 126 73,9 - 109 76,8 - 100 81,2 - 107 27,2 - 28,5
Shear modulus (GPa) 2,25 - 2,31 1,87 - 1,91 1,47 - 1,51 1,6 - 1,65 0,511 - 0,524
Bulk modulus (GPa) 7,36 - 7,54 6,33 - 6,49 5,18 - 5,31 5,3 - 5,43 1,91 - 1,96
Poisson's ratio 0,358 - 0,365 0,362 - 0,369 0,366 - 0,374 0,359 - 0,366 0,373 - 0,381
Shape factor 7 7 6 7 6
Hardness - Vickers (HV) 15,9 - 24 20 - 21 14 - 17,7 12,2 - 17,4 7,83 - 8,12
Hardness - Rockwell M 60 - 63 55 - 58 56 - 64 62 - 78 53 - 56
Hardness - Rockwell R 94 - 106 89 - 96 85 - 95 90 - 99 81 - 85
Hardness - Shore D 76 - 80 73 - 76 72 - 76 73 - 77 70 - 74
Hardness - Shore A 94 - 98 96 - 101 96 - 100 88 - 93 95 - 100
Elastic stored energy (springs) (kJ/m^3) 312 - 730 258 - 533 325 - 616 234 - 511 227 - 254
Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles (MPa) 24,4 - 38,8 24,4 - 30,8 21,2 - 27,6 18 - 27,2 10,2 - 10,7

Impact & fracture properties

Fracture toughness (MPa.m^0.5) 2,98 - 5,45 2,89 - 3,5 3,17 - 3,77 2,27 - 3,72 1,9 - 2
Toughness (G) (kJ/m^2) 1,53 - 4,48 1,6 - 2,4 2,23 - 3,82 1,21 - 3 2,52 - 2,82
Impact strength, notched 23 °C (kJ/m^2) 6,83 - 9,58 10 - 15,3 17,5 - 23,3 5,61 - 8,13 15,3 - 24,2
Impact strength, notched -30 °C (kJ/m^2) 7,08 - 8,13 4,92 - 13,4 4,59 - 4,82 6,14 - 7,2 13,1 - 13,8
Impact strength, unnotched 23 °C (kJ/m^2) 31,6 - 46,3 36,7 - 45,9 54,5 - 66,3 27,2 - 39,6 82,2 - 86,4
Impact strength, unnotched -30 °C (kJ/m^2) 24,6 - 35,9 8,9 - 9,35 19,5 - 20,5 15,7 - 27,1 67,7 - 71,1

Thermal properties

Melting point (°C) 168 - 189 150 - 172 162 - 171 169 - 178 164 - 173
Glass temperature (°C) -14 - -6 -24 - -16 -25 - -17 -14 - -6 -14 - -6
Heat deflection temperature 0.45MPa (°C) 146 - 167 143 - 164 144 - 165 142 - 163 107 - 131
Heat deflection temperature 1.8MPa (°C) 134 - 155 131 - 152 127 - 147 128 - 148 54,2 - 102
Vicat softening point (°C) 145 - 166 142 - 163 143 - 164 146 - 167 141 - 162
Maximum service temperature (°C) 59,1 - 75,9 112 - 131 105 - 124 106 - 125 86,6 - 105
Minimum service temperature (°C) -17 - -3 -25 - -10 -26 - -11 -17 - -3 -17 - -3
Thermal conductivity (W/m.°C) 0,323 - 0,336 0,322 - 0,335 0,297 - 0,309 0,284 - 0,295 0,269 - 0,28
Specific heat capacity (J/kg.°C) 1610 - 1640 1610 - 1640 1620 - 1650 1690 - 1720 1740 - 1780
Thermal expansion coefficient (µstrain/°C) 36,4 - 39 37 - 44,1 37,5 - 38,4 42,9 - 45,1 60,2 - 61,7
Thermal shock resistance (°C) 257 - 421 237 - 371 302 - 502 224 - 360 290 - 314
Thermal distortion resistance (MW/m) 0,0084 - 0,00908 0,00745 - 0,0089 0,00779 - 0,00816 0,00638 - 0,00679 0,00439 - 0,0046

Electrical properties

Electrical resistivity (µohm.cm) 3,95e22 - 3,52e23 1e22 - 1e24 9,9e23 - 1,01e24 9,9e23 - 1,01e24 6,75e8 - 4,33e9
Electrical conductivity (%IACS) 4,9e-22 - 4,36e-21 1,72e-22 - 1,72e-20 1,71e-22 - 1,74e-22 1,71e-22 - 1,74e-22 3,98e-8 - 2,55e-7
Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) 2,68 - 2,98 2,68 - 2,98 2,68 - 2,98 2,75 - 2,86
Dissipation factor (dielectric loss tangent) 0,00098 - 0,00102 0,00098 - 0,00102 0,00098 - 0,00102 0,00098 - 0,00102
Dielectric strength (dielectric breakdown) (MV/m) 21,9 - 25,8 21,9 - 25,8 19,6 - 20,4 20,9 - 21,9
Comparative tracking index (V) 600 600 600 600
Galvanic potential (V) -0,14 - -0,06

Magnetic properties

Magnetic type Non-magnetic Non-magnetic Non-magnetic Non-magnetic Magnetic

Optical, aesthetic and acoustic properties

Transparency Opaque Opaque Opaque Opaque Opaque

Acoustic velocity (m/s) 2240 - 2460 2040 - 2250 1700 - 2150 1920 - 2200 1170 - 1210
Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) 0,0109 - 0,0114 0,0124 - 0,013 0,0146 - 0,0153 0,0138 - 0,0145 0,0305 - 0,032

Healthcare & food

Food contact Yes Yes No Yes No

Restricted substances risk indicators

RoHS 2 (EU) compliant grades?

EU REACH Candidate List indicator (0-1, 1 = high 0,01 0 0 0,02 0,02
risk)
SIN List indicator (0-1, 1 = high risk) 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,02

Critical materials risk

Contains >5wt% critical elements? No No No No No

Absorption & permeability

Water absorption @ 24 hrs (%) 0,0118 - 0,0542 0,0207 - 0,0393 0,0159 - 0,0441 0,0111 - 0,0393 0,00975 - 0,0103

Processing properties

Polymer injection molding Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Excellent Limited use

Polymer extrusion Limited use Limited use Limited use Limited use Unsuitable
Polymer thermoforming Acceptable Limited use Acceptable Acceptable Limited use
Linear mold shrinkage (%) 0,221 - 0,527 0,228 - 0,396 0,176 - 0,38 0,279 - 0,774 0,866 - 1,31
Melt temperature (°C) 218 - 242 212 - 248 215 - 240 216 - 241 192 - 220
Mold temperature (°C) 38,3 - 66,8 38,9 - 61,3 29,7 - 59,7 37,3 - 64,8 33,3 - 61,1
Molding pressure range (MPa) 37,7 - 147 4,34 - 13,2 2,31 - 9,55 70,4 - 110 66 - 101

Durability

Water (fresh) Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

Water (salt) Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Weak acids Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Strong acids Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Weak alkalis Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Strong alkalis Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Organic solvents Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Oxidation at 500C Unacceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable
UV radiation (sunlight) Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor
Flammability Slow-burning Slow-burning Slow-burning Slow-burning Slow-burning
Oxygen index (%) 20 - 21 20 - 21 20 - 22 20 - 22 20 - 22

Primary production energy, CO2 and water

Embodied energy, primary production (virgin grade) 61,9 - 68,3 60,1 - 66,2 63,3 - 69,8 65,8 - 72,6 70 - 77,1
(MJ/kg)
Embodied energy, primary production (typical 61,9 - 68,3 60,1 - 66,2 63,3 - 69,8 65,8 - 72,6 70 - 77,1
grade) (MJ/kg)
CO2 footprint, primary production (virgin grade) 2,4 - 2,65 3,03 - 3,34 3,03 - 3,34 2,35 - 2,6 2,37 - 2,62
(kg/kg)
CO2 footprint, primary production (typical grade) 2,4 - 2,65 3,03 - 3,34 3,03 - 3,34 2,35 - 2,6 2,37 - 2,62
(kg/kg)
Water usage (l/kg) 111 - 122 111 - 122 107 - 118 86,1 - 95,2 56,4 - 62,4

Processing energy, CO2 footprint & water

Polymer extrusion energy (MJ/kg) 5,88 - 6,5 5,88 - 6,5 5,87 - 6,49 5,9 - 6,52 5,86 - 6,47
Polymer extrusion CO2 (kg/kg) 0,441 - 0,487 0,441 - 0,487 0,441 - 0,487 0,442 - 0,489 0,439 - 0,486
Polymer extrusion water (l/kg) 4,85 - 7,27 4,85 - 7,27 4,85 - 7,27 4,86 - 7,29 4,84 - 7,26
Polymer molding energy (MJ/kg) 20,2 - 22,4 20,2 - 22,3 20,2 - 22,3 20,8 - 23 19,7 - 21,8
Polymer molding CO2 (kg/kg) 1,52 - 1,68 1,52 - 1,68 1,51 - 1,67 1,56 - 1,72 1,48 - 1,63
Polymer molding water (l/kg) 13,2 - 19,9 13,2 - 19,8 13,2 - 19,8 13,5 - 20,2 13 - 19,5
Coarse machining energy (per unit wt removed) 0,973 - 1,08 0,885 - 0,979 0,931 - 1,03 0,958 - 1,06 0,772 - 0,853
(MJ/kg)
Coarse machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) (kg/ 0,073 - 0,0806 0,0664 - 0,0734 0,0698 - 0,0772 0,0719 - 0,0794 0,0579 - 0,064
kg)
Fine machining energy (per unit wt removed) (MJ/ 5,45 - 6,03 4,58 - 5,06 5,04 - 5,57 5,31 - 5,86 3,45 - 3,81
kg)
Fine machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) (kg/kg) 0,409 - 0,452 0,343 - 0,38 0,378 - 0,418 0,398 - 0,44 0,258 - 0,286
Grinding energy (per unit wt removed) (MJ/kg) 10,4 - 11,5 8,68 - 9,6 9,6 - 10,6 10,1 - 11,2 6,42 - 7,09
Grinding CO2 (per unit wt removed) (kg/kg) 0,782 - 0,865 0,651 - 0,72 0,72 - 0,796 0,76 - 0,84 0,481 - 0,532

Recycling and end of life

Recycle
Downcycle
Combust for energy recovery
Heat of combustion (net) (MJ/kg) 30,8 - 32,3 30,8 - 32,3 30,8 - 32,3 35,2 - 37 38,7 - 40,7
Combustion CO2 (kg/kg) 2,14 - 2,25 2,14 - 2,25 2,14 - 2,25 2,45 - 2,57 2,7 - 2,83
Landfill
Biodegrade

Geo-economic data for principal component

Principal component Polypropylene Polypropylene Polypropylene Polypropylene Polypropylene

Annual world production, principal component 6,19e7 6,19e7 6,19e7 6,19e7 6,19e7
(tonne/yr)
Reserves, principal component (tonne) 5,7e8 - 6,3e8 5,7e8 - 6,3e8 5,7e8 - 6,3e8 5,7e8 - 6,3e8 5,7e8 - 6,3e8

Links

ProcessUniverse 60 60 60 60 53
Producers 50 45 40 51 24
Reference 13 18 13 13 11
Shape 24 24 24 24 24
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