High Voltage High and Low-Side 4 A Gate Driver: Features
High Voltage High and Low-Side 4 A Gate Driver: Features
Datasheet
Features
• High voltage rail up to 600 V
• dV/dt immunity ± 50 V/ns in full temperature range
• Driver current capability: 4 A source/sink
• Switching times 15 ns rise/fall with 1 nF load
• 3.3 V, 5 V TTL/CMOS inputs with hysteresis
• Integrated bootstrap diode
SO-14 • Comparator for fault protections
• Smart shutdown function
• Adjustable deadtime
• Interlocking function
• Compact and simplified layout
• Bill of material reduction
• Effective fault protection
• Flexible, easy and fast design
Applications
Description
The L6491 is a high voltage device manufactured with the BCD6 “OFF-LINE”
technology. It is a single-chip half-bridge gate driver for N-channel power MOSFET or
IGBT.
The high-side (floating) section is designed to stand a voltage rail up to 600 V. The
logic inputs are CMOS/TTL compatible down to 3.3 V for easy interfacing
microcontroller/DSP.
An integrated comparator is available for fast protection against over-current, over-
temperature, etc.
1 Block diagram
VCC
PGND
COMPARATOR
2 Pin description
LIN 1 14 BOOT
SD/OD 2 13 HVG
HIN 3 12 OUT
VCC 4 11 NC
DT 5 10 CP+
SGND 6 9 CP-
PGND 7 8 LVG
1. The circuit guarantees less than 1 V on the LVG and HVG pins (at Isink = 10 mA), with VCC > 3 V. This
allows omitting the “bleeder” resistor connected between the gate and the source of the external MOSFET
normally used to hold the pin low.
When the SD is set low, gate driver outputs are forced low and assure low impedance.
3 Truth table
Input Input
L X (1) X (1) L L
H H L L L
H L H L L
H L L H L
H H H L H
1. X: don't care.
4 Electrical data
1. Spikes up to 20 V can be tolerated if the duration is shorter than 50 ns (fSW = 120 kHz).
VPS (1)
7-6 Low-side driver ground -1.5 +1.5 V
Comparator negative
VCP- 9 VCP+ ≤ 2.5 V 5 (4) V
input pin voltage
Comparator positive
VCP+ 10 VCP- ≤ 2.5 V 5 (4) V
input pin voltage
fsw Switching frequency HVG, LVG load CL = 1 nF 800 kHz
5 Electrical characteristics
5.1 AC operation
RDT = 0 Ω, CL = 1 nF 50 ns
tr Rise time CL = 1 nF 15 40 ns
8,13
tf Fall time CL = 1 nF 15 40 ns
Figure 3. Timing
50% 50%
LIN
tr tf
90% 90%
ton toff
50% 50%
HIN
tr tf
90% 90%
ton toff
50%
SD
tf
90%
LVG/HVG 10%
tsd
2.75
1.75
DT [µs]
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
0 50 100 150 200 250
Rdt [kΩ]
5.2 DC operation
VCC = 8 V
SD = 5 V; LIN = 5 V;
Undervoltage quiescent supply
Iqccu HIN = SGND; 160 210 μA
4 current
RDT = 0 Ω;
CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V
VCC = 15 V
SD = 5 V; LIN = 5 V;
Iqcc Quiescent current HIN = SGND; 540 700 μA
RDT = 0 Ω;
CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V
VCC = VBO = 7 V
SD = 5 V; LIN and
Undervoltage VBO quiescent
IQBOU HIN = 5 V; 20 30 μA
14-12 current
RDT = 0 Ω;
CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V
VBO = 15
SD = 5 V; LIN and
IQBO VBO quiescent current HIN = 5 V; 90 120 μA
RDT = 0 Ω;
CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V
ILK High voltage leakage current BOOT = HVG = OUT = 600 V 8 μA
IHINh 3 HIN logic “1” input bias current HIN = 15 V 120 200 260 μA
6 Waveform definitions
LIN
ING
ING
CONTROL SIGNAL EDGES HIN
OCK
LOC
OVERLAPPED:
ERL
ER
INTERLOCKING + DEAD TIME LVG
INT
INT
DTLH DTHL
HVG
gate driver outputs OFF gate driver outputs OFF
(HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE) (HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE)
LIN
LIN
LIN
CONTROL SIGNALS EDGES
NOT OVERLAPPED, HIN
OUTSIDE THE DEAD TIME:
DIRECT DRIVING
LVG
DTLH DTHL
HVG
(*) HIN and LIN can be connected togheter and driven by just one control signal
The L6491 device integrates a comparator committed to the fault sensing function. The comparator input can be
connected to an external shunt resistor in order to implement a simple overcurrent detection function.
The output signal of the comparator is fed to an integrated MOSFET with the open-drain output available on pin 2,
shared with the SD input. When the comparator triggers, the device is set in shutdown state and both its outputs
are set to low level leaving the half-bridge in 3-state.
CP-
CP+
HIN/LIN
PROTECTION
HVG/LVG
SD/OD
disable time
Fast shut down:
the driver outputs are set in SD state immediately after the comparator
triggering, even if the SD signal has not yet reach the lower input threshold
RSD where:
SD/OD
FROM/TO
SMART
CONTROLLER
SD
RPD_SD
In common overcurrent protection architectures, the comparator output is usually connected to the SD input and
an RC network is connected to this SD/OD line in order to provide a monostable circuit, which implements a
protection time following the fault condition.
Differently from the common fault detection systems, the L6491 smart shutdown architecture allows immediate
turn-off of the output gate driver in case of fault, by minimizing the propagation delay between the fault detection
event and the current output switch-off. In fact the time delay between the fault and the output turn-off is no longer
dependent on the RC value of the external network connected to the SD/OD pin. In the smart shutdown circuitry,
the fault signal has a preferential path which directly switches off the outputs after the comparator triggering. At
the same time, the internal logic turns on the open-drain output and holds it on until the SD voltage goes below
the smart SD unlatch threshold VSSD. When such threshold is reached, the open-drain output is turned off,
allowing the external pull-up to recharge the capacitor. The driver outputs restart following the input pins as soon
as the voltage at the SD/OD pin reaches the higher threshold of the SD logic input.
The smart shutdown system gives the possibility to increase the time constant of the external RC network (that
determines the disable time after the fault event) up to very large values without increasing the delay time of the
protection.
Any external signal provided to the SD pin is not latched and can be used as control signal in order to perform, for
instance, PWM chopping through this pin. In fact when a PWM signal is applied to the SD input and the logic
inputs of the gate driver are stable, the outputs switch from the low level to the state defined by the logic inputs
and vice versa.
LOGIC
5V PGND
CSD SMART
COMPARATOR RLP
SD 10 CP+
+
- CP- CLP
Vpu
9
VCC
DT 5 DEAD Rp1
CVCC2
TIME
Rshunt
RDT CDT SGND 7 Cp2 Rp2
6
PGND
System power ground
CSD
HIN Rfilt Cfilt
VCC
SGND
plane
CLP
CVCC1 RDT CDT
Cp+
Cp2
Vpu Rg
CVCC2 Rp2
Rp1 RLP
uC Signal GROUND
Rshunt
POWER GROUND
BOTTOM layer
TOP layer
9 Bootstrap driver
A bootstrap circuitry is needed to supply the high voltage section. This function is usually accomplished by a high
voltage fast recovery diode (see Section 9). In the L6491 an integrated structure replaces the external diode.
VCC BOOT
H.V.
HVG
CBOOT
OUT
TO LOAD
LVG
The ratio between the capacitors CEXT and CBOOT is proportional to the cyclical voltage loss. It must be: CBOOT
>> CEXT.
For example: if Qgate is 30 nC and Vgate is 10 V, CEXT is 3 nF. With CBOOT = 100 nF the drop would be 300 mV.
If HVG must be supplied for a long period, the CBOOT selection must take into account also the leakage and
quiescent losses.
For example: HVG steady-state consumption is lower than 120 μA, therefore, if HVG ton is 5 ms, CBOOT must
supply 0.6 μC to CEXT. This charge on a 1 μF capacitor means a voltage drop of 0.6 V.
The internal bootstrap driver offers a big advantage: the external fast recovery diode can be avoided (it usually
has very high leakage current). This structure can work only if VOUT is close to SGND (or lower) and, in the
meantime, the LVG is on. The charging time (tcharge) of the CBOOT is the time in which both conditions are fulfilled
and it Must be long enough to charge the capacitor.
The bootstrap driver introduces a voltage drop due to the DMOS RDS(on) (typical value: 175 Ω). This drop can be
neglected at low switching frequency, but it should be taken into account when operating at high switching
frequency.
Eq. (2) is useful to compute the drop on the bootstrap DMOS:
Equation 2
Qgate
Vdrop = Icℎarge ∙ RDS(on) Vdrop = tcℎarge ∙ RDS(on) (2)
where Qgate is the gate charge of the external power MOS, RDS(on) is the ON-resistance of the bootstrap DMOS,
and tcharge is the charging time of the bootstrap capacitor.
For example: using a power MOS with a total gate charge of 30 nC, the drop on the bootstrap DMOS is about 1 V,
if the tcharge is 5 μs. In fact:
Equation 3
30nC
Vdrop = 5μs ∙ 175Ω~1V (3)
Vdrop should be taken into account when the voltage drop on CBOOT is calculated: if this drop is too high, or the
circuit topology doesn’t allow a sufficient charging time, an external diode can be used.
10 Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK packages,
depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK specifications, grade definitions and product
status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK is an ST trademark.
SEATING
PLANE 0.25 mm
h x 45° GAGE PLANE
C L
A H
A2
E
A1
7
8
B
e
D
14
Dimensions (mm)
Symbol
Min. Typ. Max.
A 1.35 1.75
A1 0.10 0.25
A2 1.10 1.65
B 0.33 0.51
C 0.19 0.25
D 8.55 8.75
E 3.80 4.00
e 1.27
H 5.80 6.20
h 0.25 0.50
L 0.40 1.27
k 0 8
ddd 0.10
0.60
4.0
6.7
11 Ordering information
Revision history
Table 11. Document revision history
Contents
1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
3 Truth table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
4 Electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
4.1 Absolute maximum ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.3 Recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 Electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1 AC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 DC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6 Waveform definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
7 Smart shutdown function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
8 Typical application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
9 Bootstrap driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
9.1 CBOOT selection and charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10 Package information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
10.1 SO-14 package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
List of tables
Table 1. Pin description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2. Truth table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 4. Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 5. Recommended operating conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table 6. AC operation electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 7. Operation electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 8. Sense comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 9. SO-14 package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 10. Order code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 11. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
List of figures
Figure 1. Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figure 2. Pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 3. Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 4. Typical deadtime vs. DT resistor value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 5. Deadtime and interlocking waveform definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 6. Smart shutdown timing waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figure 7. Typical application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 8. Suggested PCB layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 9. Bootstrap driver with external high voltage fast recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 10. SO-14 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 11. SO-14 package suggested land pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17