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Rational Design Model Overview

The rational model of design posits that designers attempt to optimize designs for known constraints and objectives through a plan-driven, discrete sequence of stages from pre-production to post-production. However, the rational model has been widely criticized for not reflecting how designers actually work and for unrealistic assumptions.

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8 views2 pages

Rational Design Model Overview

The rational model of design posits that designers attempt to optimize designs for known constraints and objectives through a plan-driven, discrete sequence of stages from pre-production to post-production. However, the rational model has been widely criticized for not reflecting how designers actually work and for unrealistic assumptions.

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ckm284821120
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ational model[edit]

The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[16][17] an American scientist,
and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz. [18] It posits that:
1. Designers attempt to optimize a design candidate for
known constraints and objectives.
2. The design process is plan-driven.
3. The design process is understood in terms of a discrete sequence of stages.
The rational model is based on a rationalist philosophy[12] and underlies the waterfall model,
[19]
systems development life cycle,[20] and much of the engineering design literature.[21] According to
the rationalist philosophy, design is informed by research and knowledge in a predictable and
controlled manner.[22]
Typical stages consistent with the rational model include the following:[23]
 Pre-production design
 Design brief – initial statement of intended outcome.
 Analysis – analysis of design goals.
 Research – investigating similar designs in the field or related topics.
 Specification – specifying requirements of a design for a product (product
design specification)[24] or service.
 Problem solving – conceptualizing and documenting designs.
 Presentation – presenting designs.
 Design during production.
 Development – continuation and improvement of a design.
 Product testing – in situ testing of a design.
 Post-production design feedback for future designs.
 Implementation – introducing the design into the environment.
 Evaluation and conclusion – summary of process and results,
including constructive criticism and suggestions for future improvements.
 Redesign – any or all stages in the design process repeated (with corrections made) at
any time before, during, or after production.
Each stage has many associated best practices.[25]
Criticism of the rational model[edit]

The rational model has been widely criticized on two primary grounds:
1. Designers do not work this way – extensive empirical evidence has demonstrated
that designers do not act as the rational model suggests.[13][14][26]
2. Unrealistic assumptions – goals are often unknown when a design project begins,
and the requirements and constraints continue to change.[12][27]

Action-centric model[edit]
The action-centric perspective is a label given to a collection of interrelated concepts, which are
antithetical to the rational model.[14] It posits that:
1. Designers use creativity and emotion to generate design candidates.
2. The design process is improvised.

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