ASSIGNMENT

Name:Arifillah Rahmadani
Nim:20018049
COURSE : FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
WEEK :5
DUE DATE : OCTOBER 1, 2023

1. Clause complex relation

Instruction: Identify the clause and the relation between clauses!

About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in
southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3
kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets
left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica. Any domelike body of ice that
also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an
ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada,
on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth
Islands.

The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally
called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the
landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap
in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between
an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat
controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap.
There are several ice fields in the Wrangell. St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska
and northern British Columbia.

Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers:
the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of
the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by
terrain, flows down valleys, curves around their corners, and falls over cliffs.

Here are the identified clauses and their relations:

Text 1:
 About 20,000 years ago, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains
in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States.
 It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta.

Relation: The first clause provides information about the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in the past, and
the second clause gives specific details about its depth in a particular location.

Text 2:
 Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.
 Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000
square kilometers is called an ice cap.
  Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada,
on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.

Relation: The first clause contrasts the current situation with the past ice sheet coverage.
The second clause provides a general definition, and the third clause gives examples of
where ice caps can still be found.

Text 3:
 The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally
called mountain or alpine glaciers.
 Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow.
 One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in
several directions is called an ice field.
 The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle.
 Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain
and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap.
 There are several ice fields in the Wrangell. St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska
and northern British Columbia.

Relation: The first clause introduces the second category of glaciers. The second clause provides
information about how mountain glaciers are identified. The third and fourth clauses introduce
the concept of ice fields and highlight the difference between ice fields and ice caps. The fifth
clause explains this difference further, and the sixth clause provides examples of where ice
fields can be found.

Text 4:
 Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain
glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers.
 Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a
characteristic circular shape.
 The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves around
their corners, and falls over cliffs.

Relation: The first clause contrasts large ice fields with more common mountain glaciers. The
second clause provides information about cirque glaciers, and the third clause describes the
characteristics and behavior of valley glaciers.

2. Field analysis
Instruction: Identify the clause of text below and put it into tables (see the example on
the book “Making Sense of Functional Grammar”). Fill in the cells with appropriate
labels in accordance with their functions in the clauses. Use detailed labelling (e.g.,
Process: Mental: affect, circ: time)

Example:
 Clause: She lived in a small cottage with her stepmother and two stepsisters
She lived in a small cottage with her stepmother and two
stepsisters
Actor Material Circ: place Circ: accompaniment

Tools and hand bones excavated from the Swartkrans cave complex in South Africa
suggest that a close relative of early humans known as Australopithecus robustus may
have made and used primitive tools long before the species became extinct I million Line
years ago. It may even have made and used primitive tools long before humanity’s direct
ancestor, Homo habilis, or “handy man,” began doing so. Homo habilis and its successor,
Homo erectus, coexisted with Australopithecus robustus on the plains of South Africa for
more than a million
years.

The Swartkrans cave in South Africa has been under excavation since the 1940’s. The
earliest fossil-containing layers of sedimentary rock in the cave date from about 1.9
million years ago and contain extensive remains of animals, primitive tools, and two or
more species of apelike hominids. The key recent discovery involved bones from the

Clause 1: Tools and hand bones excavated from the Swartkrans cave complex in South Africa
suggest

Tools and suggest from the Swartkrans

hand bones cave complex in South
Africa
Actor Material Circ: place

Clause 2: that a close relative of early humans known as Australopithecus robustus may have
made and used primitive tools long before the species became extinct I million years ago.

a close relative of May have made long before the

early humans known and used species became
as Australopithecus extinct I million
robustus years ago

Actor Material Circ: time

Clause 3:
It may even have made and used primitive tools long before humanity’s direct ancestor, Homo
habilis, or “handy man,” began doing so.

It May have made and used long before

humanity’s direct
 ancestor, Homo
habilis, or “handy
man,” began doing
so
Actor Material Circ: time
Clause 4:
Homo habilis and its successor, Homo erectus, coexisted with Australopithecus robustus on the
plains of South Africa for more than a million years.
Homo coexisted on the plains of South for more than a million years
habilis and Africa
its successor,
Homo
erectus
Actor Material Circ: place Circ: time

Clause 5:
The Swartkrans cave in South Africa has been under excavation since the 1940’s.

The Swartkrans cave Has been since the 1940’s

in South Africa
Actor Material Circ: time

Clause 6:
The earliest fossil-containing layers of sedimentary rock in the cave date from about 1.9 million
years ago and contain extensive remains of animals, primitive tools, and two or more species of
apelike hominids.
The earliest Date, from about 1.9 million extensive remains of animals,
fossil- Contain years ago primitive tools, and two or more
containing species of apelike hominids
layers of
sedimentary
rock in the
cave

Actor Material Circ: time Circ: object

Clause 7:
The key recent discovery involved bones from the hand of Australopithecus robustus, the first
time such bones have been found.
The key recent involved the first time such
discovery bones have been
found
Actor Material Circ: time