Example:
I. The power input to a 3-phase induction motor is 80 kW. The total stator losses total 1.5 kW. Find the
total mechanical power developed if the motor is running with a slip of 4%.
Sol:
Stator output or rotor input = Stator input – stator losses
= 80 – 1.5 = 78.5 kW
Rotor copper losses = S × Rotor input
= 0.04 × 78.5 = 3.14 kW
Mechanical power developed = Rotor input – Rotor copper losses
= 78.5 – 3.14 = 75.36 kW
II. A 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase, wound rotor induction motor is taking 9100 watts from the line. Core loss is
290 watts, stator copper loss is 568 watts, rotor copper loss in 445 watts, friction and windage losses are
100 watts. Determine; (a) power transferred across air gap; (b) mechanical power in watt developed by
rotor; (c) mechanical power output in watt; (d) efficiency; (e) slip.
Sol:
Power input to motor or stator = 9100 W
Power transferred across air gap = Stator input – [Stator core loss
+ Stator copper loss]
= 9100 – [ 290 + 568] = 8242 W
Mech. power developed in rotor = Rotor input – Rotor copper loss
= 8242 – 445 = 7797 W
Rotor output = Mechanical power developed – Mechanical loss
= 7797 – 100 = 7697 W
Motor efficiency = [Output (Watts)] / [Input (Watts)] x 100%
= (7697) / (9100) x 100% = 84.58%
Slip, S = Rotor copper loss / Rotor input
= 445 / 8242 = 0.054
III. A 50 H.P., 3-phase, 6-pole induction motor delivers full load output at 960 rpm at 0·8 p.f. when
supplied with 400V, 50Hz supply. Losses due to windage and friction come out to be 2 H.P. and stator
losses are 2 kW. Find out. (a) total rotor Cu loss; (b) efficiency and (c) line current.
Sol:
Output = 50 HP, 3-phase, P = 6, N = 960 rpm, Cos θ = 0·8, VL = 400
V, f = 50 Hz, Mech. loss = 2 HP, stator losses = 2 kW
Power developed in rotor = rotor output + mech. loss
= 50 + 2 = 52 HP = 52 × 746 = 38792 W
Synchronous speed, NS =120 f/ P = [120 × 50] / 6 = 1000 rpm
Slip, S = [NS – Nr] / NS = [1000 – 960] / 1000 = 0·04
Slip, S = Rotor copper loss / Rotor input
Rotor copper loss = [ S / (1 – S)] × power developed in rotor
= [0.04 / (1– 0.04)] × 38792 = 1616 W
Input to motor = Power Developed in rotor + Rotor loss + stator loss.
= 38792 + 1616 + 2000 = 42408 W
Motor efficiency =output / input × 100 %
= (50 ×746) / (42408) × 100% = 87·95%
Line current, IL = Input Power / ( √3 × VL × P.F)
= 42408 / (√3 × 400 × 0.8) = 76·51A
7. Questions:
I. Explain the terms real power, apparent power and reactive power for ac circuits and the units used.
Ans:
Real Power: It is the product of voltage, current and power factor
i.e. P = V I cos θ and basic unit of real power is watt. i.e. Expressed as W or kW.
Apparent power: It is the product of voltage and current.
i.e. S = V I and basic unit of apparent power is volt-ampere. Expressed as VA or kVA.
Reactive Power: It is the product of voltage, current and sine of angle between the voltage and current
i.e. Q = V I sin θ and basic unit of apparent power is volt-ampere reactive. Expressed as VAR or kVAR.
II. What are constant and variable losses in an induction motor?
Ans.
The losses which remain constant from no-load to full-load are
called constant losses. The losses which vary with the load are called variable losses.
8. Homework:
I. What is the effect of load on the efficiency of an induction motor?
II. Explain the term air-gap power or power developed in the rotor and shaft power. How these terms
are related to each other?
III. Derive an expression for the rotor copper loss in terms of slip and input to the rotor?
IV. What are the various losses in an induction motor? On what factors do they depend?
V. List the different types of stray load losses in an induction
