UED 102
(STUDY SKILLS)
TOPIC 5
MEMORY, IMPROVING
CONCENTRATION & READING
SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
UNDERSTANDING MEMORY
PROCESSES
MEMORY STRATEGIES
UNDERSTANDING CONCENTRATION
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING
CONCENTRATION
READING/STUDY SYSTEM (SQ3R)
MEMORY & LEARNING
Learning pyramid is a group of
popular learning models and
representations relating different
degrees of retention induced from
various type of learning.
Students need to understand how
information is learned and to
understand the needs of using various
kinds of active learning strategies in
learning, retaining, and using the
information
MEMORY PROCESS
Encoding / input (computer – keyboard,
camera;
human – the 5 senses; ears, mouth, nose,
skin, eyes
Storage (computer – hard disk, thumb drive)
human - 3 types of memory – SM, STM, LTM
Retrieval /output (computer – computer screen,
printer)
human – writing, talking
Sensory memory (SM) -numerous incoming information from 5 senses will be stored in
the sensory memory for an instant. If one PAY ATTENTION to the stimuli, it will go to the
short-term memory (STM). If one does not pay attention, then the information will be lost.
(therefore, the importance of PAYING ATTENTION / CONCENTRATION while lecture,
reading etc.)
2. Short-term / working memory (STM) - very limited storage. From the SM, information
will be relayed to STM. While in the STM, information must be REHEARSED/ REPEATED
OR use SOME ACTIVE LEARNING strategies in order to get information to LTM, otherwise
information will be forgotten. (therefore, students must realize that applying memory
strategies is important to strengthen the memory ability).
3. Long-term memory (LTM)– this is unlimited and large storage (like a big library with a lot
of books, the books are analogy to information we encode and save). From STM, information
moved to LTM and stored here for later use (retrieval). If the information is not being used
for some time, forgetting may occur. Having cues / strategies during encoding earlier would
help in retrieval processes.
Did not pay attention to the information
Did not understand the information
HOW
FORGETTING Cramming (last minute study)
COULD Did not have good strategies
OCCUR Interference (having 2 exams on the same day especially if the
subjects are closely related ;for example psychology and
counselling)
Test anxiety (negative thoughts about oneself, did not prepare well
for the test)
MASSED PRACTICE VS BREAK READING REHEARSAL– REPEAT
SPACED PRACTICE MATERIAL DOWN (AGAIN THE INFORMATION MANY
NO CRAMMING) FOR TIMES. E.G. REPEAT A
SOME PERIOD OF TIME. TELEPHONE NUMBER 10
E.G. 2 CHAPTERS PER TIMES.
MEMORY
DAY, NOT ALL
CHAPTERS A DAY
BEFORE THE EXAM.
STRATEGIES
ELABORATION ORGANIZATIONAL COMPREHENSION
STRATEGIES ( STRATEGIES MONITORING
ASSOCIATION, STRATEGIES (SQ3R)
ACRONYMS, ACROSTICS, HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHA
IMAGERY) RE.NET/GSKEESEE/ACTI
VE-READING-SQ3R
CAUSES OF
POOR
CONCENTRATION
Lack of attention
Lack of interest
Lack of motivation
Distraction from others
Uncomfortable environment
Physiological matters – illness, tiredness
Psychological matters – personal
problems, worries, anxieties
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE CONCENTRATION
Use motivational and organizational strategies – create interest in the work, develop a
Use positive attitude toward you work, use goal setting strategies, use time-management
strategies
Create a positive learning environment – find a better location, reduce multitasking,
Create
minimize distractions
Deal with internal distractions – deal with personal problems, deal with competing
Deal
activities,
Use Use active learning strategies (as discussed in improving memory)
Match Match your learning style to the task
Monitor Monitor your concentration
ACTIVITY/TASK
1. MEMORY STRATEGIES
2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES
3. CONCENTRATION STRATEGIES
4. CONCENTRATION CHART
5. READING TEXT
THANK YOU AND STAY SAFE
EVERYONE
