E-R Model
By Somnath Maity
Roll: IT/21/L36
Dept – Information Technology
Uni. Roll - 10700221064
SUB- DataBase Management System
Introduction:
* It is a high level data model based
on a perception of a real world
that consists of a collection of
basic objects, called entities and
of relationships among these
objects.
* Graphical representation of ER
Model is ER diagram, which acts
as a blueprint of DB.
ER diagram has three main components:
• Entity
• Attribute
• Relationship
1)Entity
Any object that physically exists and is logically
constructed in the real world is called as an entity. It is
a real-world object that can be easily identifiable. An
entity is represented as a rectangle in an ER diagram.
Ex- Each student in a college is an entity.
1.1)Entity set
* It is a set of entities of the same type that share the
same properties, or attributes.
E.g., Student is an entity set.
2. Attributes.
A database consists of tables. Each table has columns and rows. The columns in a
database are called attributes.
Types of Attributes:
2.1 Simple
Attributes that are not further divisible into sub-attributes (atomic) are known as
Simple attributes.
Example: - Customer’s account number in a bank, Student’s Roll number etc.
2.2 Composite
Composite attributes can be divided into sub-attributes which represent more basic
attributes with independent meanings. Example: City, State, and Pincode.
2.3 Single-valued
Attributes having single value for a particular entity instance is known as single-valued
attribute.
Example, the age of a person is single-valued.
2.4 Multi-valued
There are many instances where an attribute has a set of values for a specific entity,
known as Multivalued attributes.
Multivalued attributes are modeled in ER using a double circle. Example: Phone
number.
2.5 Derived
The value for this type of attribute can be derived from the values of other related
attributes or entities instances.
Age, loan-age, membership-period etc.
Relationship :
A relationship in a DBMS is primarily the way two or more data sets are linked.
Relationships allow the datasets to share and store data in separate tables. They
also help link disparate data with each other.
Types of relationships
• One to One :
Entity in A associated with at most one entity in B, where A&B are entity sets . And
an
entity of B is associated with at most one entity of A.
Ex. Citizen has Aadhar Card.
• One to Many :
Entity in A associated with N entity in B. While entity in B is associated with at most
one
entity in A.
Ex. . Citizen has Vehicle.
• Many to Many :
ER Notations:
System:
Reference :
* Fundamentals of DATABASE SYSTEM (NAVATHE,GUPTA)
* https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
