GIS Sheet – Part 01 – 4th year student

Dr. Mina Younan

Complete the following

1. ………………. is a GIS operation in which a line layer is dissected by the polygon
boundaries on the overlay layer, and each line segment on the output combines attributes
from the line layer and the polygon within which it falls.
2. ………………. is a GIS operation that creates a new layer including only those features
of the input layer that fall within the area extent of the clip layer.
3. ………………. measures the deviation between the actual location and the estimated
location of the control points in geometric transformation.
4. ………………. is one type of geometric transformation that converts the rows and
columns of a satellite image into real-world coordinates.
5. ………………. encoding is A raster data structure that stores cell values in a matrix by
row and column.
6. ………………. is a data model that uses points and their x-, y-coordinates to construct
spatial features. Also called discrete object model.
7. ………………. is an object-based vector data model developed by Esri.
8. ………………. is a topological relationship used in Esri’s coverage data format,
stipulating that arcs have directions and left and right polygons.
9. ………………. is a data model that allows the use of linearly measured data on a coordinate
system.
10. ………………. is defined as the acquisition of information about an object without being in
physical contact with that object.
11. ………………. is the process of transforming the spatial relationship of features on the Earth’s
surface to a flat map.
12. ………………. is the coordinate system that divides the Earth’s surface between 84° N and
80° S into 60 zones.
13. ………………. is a mathematical model which serves as the reference or base for calculating
approximate geographic coordinates of the Earth's surface.
14. ………………. is a linear feature that has a linear measurement system stored with its
geometry.
15. ………………. is an operation that uses a data set, a graphic object, or a query expression
to extract data from an existing raster.
16. ………………. is a set of interrelated components working together to achieve a specific
goal by accepting inputs and processing them to produce outputs.
17. ………………. is a set of interrelated components (hardware, software, people,
communications networks, and data resources) that collect or retrieve, process, store, and
distribute information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and
visualization in an organization.
18. ………………. is any collection of related facts; the basic elements of information.
19. ………………. is the data that have been processed to be useful; provides answers to
"who", "what", "where", and "when" questions.
20. ………………. datasets built from lidar and other point clouds
21. ………………. can measure the latitude value of a point as 0° to 90° north or south of
the equator (N–S direction).
22. ………………. grid system covers the polar areas and it divides the polar area into a
series of 100,000-meter squares
23. Plugin …………… allows a user to bring in Google Maps, Bing Maps, OpenStreetMap
layers and more into their workspace.
24. Plugin …………… calculate and show statistics for a field
25. Plugin …………… is required for frequency statistics
26. Plugin …………… is required for land cover statistics
27. Plugin …………… is required to compute raster statistics
28. geodesic distance equation …………………………….
29. …………….. is the equation for measuring distances on a plane coordinate system
30. Orthodromic distance equation ……………………………

Answer the following

1. What is GIS?
2. What is the value of GIS?
3. Is GIS a map?
4. What is the difference between GIS commands and GIS tools?
5. Differentiate between GIS, GISc, and GPS
6. List main GIS components
7. List main Elements in questions that GIS could answer
8. List 4 applications of GIS
9. Geographic data Types
10. Write short notes on Representation of Spatial Data in GIS
11. What are the major GIS functions?
12. Differentiate between Physical Maps, Topographic maps, Climate maps, Political
maps, Economic maps
13. Differentiate between Point/line/polygon features
14. Define the following
a. Buffering
b. Dynamic segmentation
c. Datum
d. Scale factor
e. Remote Sensing
f. TIGER database
g. Metadata
h. the geo-relational data model
i. the object-based data model.
j. a shapefile
k. Photo geocoding
l. Dissolve
m. Reverse geocoding
n. Image-to-map transformation
15. What are the advantages of having topology built into a data set?
16. Explain the difference between location errors and topological errors.
17. Briefly explain the phrase “GIS analysis”
18. Compare between different raster encoding methods
19. Compare between different vector encoding methods
20. List advantages and disadvantages of raster data model
21. List advantages and disadvantages of vector data model
22. Given two points P (latitude = 7176.632°, longitude = 1010.706°) and Q (latitude =
1818.894°, longitude = 172.958°) in degrees, find the distance between the two points on
the earth using Great-circle distance or so-called Orthodromic distance
23. Write main steps to conduct a GIS project and List main plugins that you need to in
addition
24. List Types of Map Projections
25. List 3 of methods for encoding raster data from scratch.
26. Identify types of Common Topological Errors.

27. Generate Spaghetti data model for the following vector data

28. Generate Quad-tree raster encoding from the following cell value matrix

1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4
0 0 1 1 4 4 4 4
0 0 2 2 4 4 4 4
0 0 1 1 4 4 4 4
3 3 0 0 1 2 0 0
3 3 0 0 4 3 1 1
5 2 1 1 0 0 4 4
2 5 1 1 0 0 2 2