Movements/Harakaat:
There are 3 movements:
1)Fatha : It is a slant line that always comes
above a letter like َب. It always produce "aa"
sound by opening the mouth and raising the
voice. It should be spell as Baa Fatha Ba َب
2)Kasra : It is a slant line that always comes
below a letter like ِب. It always produce "ee"
sound by stretching the lips and dropping the
voice. It should be spell as Baa Kasra Bee ِب.
3)Damma/Zawmma : It is like a horizontal six
that always comes above a letter like ُب. It
always produce "oo" sound by rounding the
lips. It should be spell as Baa Zawmma Boo ُب.
If letter alif carry any movement above it then it
will be called Hamza not alif. Neither prolong
the letter that carry any movement over it nor
read it with a jerk.
Note:
There is no difference in harakaat in both
Usmani and Indo-Pak script. However in Indo-
Pak script, Fatha is also known as Zabar and
Kasra is also known as Zair and Zawmma is also
known as Paish.
Madd Letters: MADD means to extend, to
stretch, to prolong. There are 3 madd letters:
1)Alif Madd : It is a fatha with an empty alif like
َبا. It produces the same fatha sound i.e. "aa"
but by making it longer till two counts. It should
be spell as Baa Alif Fatha Baaaa َبا.
Alif Madd could also be written as a regular
fatha with a little alif besides it and it is actually
known as an alif madd as-sagheira and it should
be spell as Baa Alif Fatha Baaaa also. But in
Indo-Pak script, this alif madd as-sagheira is
called a Fatha Qau-ema/Standing Fatha (Khari
Zabar in Urdu) and would be written as a
standing line above a letter like ٰبand it should
be spell as Baa Fatha Qau-ema Baaaa.
Alif Madd according to both Usmani and
:Indo-Pak Script
Alif Madd As-Sagheira according to Usmani
Script:
Standing Fatha(Alif Madd As-Sagheira)
:according to Indo-Pak Script
2)Yaa Madd : It is a Kasra with an empty Yaa
like ِبي. It produces the same kasra sound i.e.
"ee" but by making it longer till two counts. It
should be spell as Baa Yaa Kasra Beeee ِبي. But
in Indo-Pak script, Yaa Madd is a kasra with a
yaa saakin (a yaa that carry a sukoon over it).
Yaa Madd could also be written as a regular
kasra with a little yaa besides it and it is actually
known as a yaa madd as-sagheira and it should
be spell as Baa Yaa Kasra Beeee also. But in
Indo-Pak script, this yaa madd as-sagheira is
called a Kasra Qau-ema/Standing Kasra(Khari
Zeir in Urdu) and would be written as a
standing line underneath a letter like ٖبand it
should be spell as Baa Kasra Qau-ema Beeee.
:Yaa Madd according to Usmani Script
:Yaa Madd according to Indo-Pak Script
Yaa Madd As-Sagheira according to
:Usmani Script
Standing Kasra(Yaa Madd As-Sagheira)
:according to Indo-Pak Script
3)Wao Madd : It is a Zawmma with an empty
wao like ُبو. It produces the same zawmma
sound i.e. "oo" but by making it longer till two
counts. It should be spell as Baa Wao Zawmma
Boooo ُبو. But In Indo-Pak script, Wao Madd is a
wao with a wao saakin (a wao that carry a
sukoon over it)
Wao Madd could also be written as a regular
zawma with a little wao besides it and it is
actually known as a wao madd as-sagheira and
it should be spell as Baa Wao Zawmma Boooo
also. But in Indo-Pak script, this wao madd as-
sagheira is called a Zawmma
Ma'koosa/Inverted Zawmma (Ulta paish in
Urdu) and would be written as a number six
above a letter like ٗبand it should be spell as
Baa Zawmma Ma'koosa Boooo.
Wao Madd according to Usmani Script:
Wao Madd according to Indo-Pak Script:
Wao Madd As-Sagheira according to
Usmani Script:
Inverted Zawma(Wao Madd As-Sagheira)
according to Indo-Pak Script:
