TRACING OF CONICSS
2
CHAPTER
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2.1. INTRODUCTIOON
rIn the previous chapter we have studied that the general equation of second degree
represents a conic section. We shall now diseuss how to trace the conics.
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2.2. TRACING OF A CONIC
The following steps are undertaken for tracing of conic
ax+2hxy +by +2gx +2fy+c =0 1)
Step 1. Find A = abc +2fgh-af-bg -ch*
) If A#0 and ab-h>0, then (1) represents ellipse
Ci) If A z0 and ab-h* <0, then (1)representshyperbola
(i) If A a 0 and ab-h =0, then (1) representsparabola
(A) In case of ellipse and hyperbola, we proceed as under:
Step 2. Find the centre (1, ¥1) of the conic on solving the equations
ax +hy1 +8=0
and hx +by +f = 0
Step 3. The equation of conic referred to centre as origin is
ax+2hXY+6Y +c = 0 .(2)
where c = g*1 + /1 +C.
Equation (2) can be written as
x2 C1
xY-y2=1
C1
or AX+2HXY +BY' =1
where X = *-*1, Y =y-Y1
in
(D
N
C
N
Ë
+ +
-6y
+
1=0
DIRECTRIX
4x-8y=0
o
2
y-1=
0b\
. T
Co|
.
******
SOLID GEOMET
2.12
ANSWERS
=
29 22 tangent at vertex 4x + 3y + 2 0
1. () Parabola ; axis 3x--4y+7 0; vertex|-FF|;
25 25
latus rectum = 3.
Bllipse ; centre (-1, 2); major axis x-3y+7 =0, length = 6; minor axis 3 + y + 1 0
length = 4.
iit) Parabola ; axis 4x - 3y + 10 0;vertex .tangent at vertex 3 +4y + 5 0, latus
rectum =
v) lyperbola; centre (-1, 1), transverse axis x -y +2 = 0, length = conjugate axis z +y=0
3
length = 4
)Dlipse ;
centre (-2, 3), major axis x + y - 1 = 0, length = 4 3, minor axis a -y +5=0
length = 4
Ellipse ; centre (2,-3), major axis 4x +3y + =
(u)
length = 4.
1 =0, length 6; minor axis 3x- 4y-18 0
(vii) Hyperbola, centre (-1, 1), transverse axisx +y = 0, length = 2 y6, conjugate axis *-y+2=0,
length =2 2.
2. Hyperbola; centre (1, 1), transverse axis x -3y +2 0,length =
2 2; conjugate axis 3+y-40
length = 2v2; e=v2.
3. Parabola; axis 3x-4y +3 = 0, tangent at vertex = 4x +3y +4 =0, latus rectum = 1.
4Hyperbola ;
centre (- 2, 2); transverse axis a -y +4 0, length 2/2; conjugate axis x+y
length 2
3
5. Parabola; axis 2x + 2y -
1 0; vertex tangent at vertex 4x 4y +5
latus rectum=
2
6. Parabola ; axis 3x +4y +6 0;vertex (-2, 0); tangent at vertex 4x 3y +8 0; focus
