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Addition and Subtraction of Matrices-415d2

This document provides a lesson on the addition and subtraction of matrices, including examples and solutions for various matrix operations. It emphasizes that only matrices of the same order can be added or subtracted and illustrates the calculations step-by-step. Additionally, it includes an activity section with problems for practice.

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susan nobrega
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23 views3 pages

Addition and Subtraction of Matrices-415d2

This document provides a lesson on the addition and subtraction of matrices, including examples and solutions for various matrix operations. It emphasizes that only matrices of the same order can be added or subtracted and illustrates the calculations step-by-step. Additionally, it includes an activity section with problems for practice.

Uploaded by

susan nobrega
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS

FORM 4 LESSON 2

MATRICES

Addition & Subtraction of Matrices

Examples:

5 −3 −4 −1 𝑎 −𝑏
Given that P = ( ), Q= ( ) and R = ( ),
0 2 8 9 −2𝑥 5𝑦

Calculate (i) P + Q (ii) Q – P (iii) 3P – 2Q (iv) R + P (v) Q – 2R

Solutions

When adding or subtracting matrices we work with the corresponding elements in


the matrices. Only matrices that have the same order can be added or subtracted.
So a (2 × 1) matrix can only be added or subtracted to a (2 × 1) matrix.

5 −3 −4 −1
(i) P + Q = ( ) + ( )
0 2 8 9

5 + −4 −3 + −1
. = ( )
0+8 2+9

1 −4
= ( )
8 11

−4 −1 5 −3
(ii) Q – P = ( ) – ( )
8 9 0 2

−4 − 5 −1 − −3
= ( )
8−0 9−2

−9 2
= ( )
8 7
5 −3 −4 −1
(iii) 3P – 2Q = 3( ) – 2( )
0 2 8 9

3 ×5 3 × −3 2 × −4 2 × −1
= ( ) – ( )
3 ×0 3 × 2 2 × 8 2 × 9

15 −9 −8 −2
= ( ) – ( )
0 6 16 18

15 − −8 −9 − −2
= ( )
0 − 16 6 − 18

23 −7
= ( )
−16 −2

𝑎 −𝑏 5 −3
(iv) R + P = ( ) + ( )
−2𝑥 5𝑦 0 2

𝑎+5 −𝑏 + −3
= ( )
−2𝑥 + 0 5𝑦 + 2

𝑎 + 5 −𝑏 − 3
= ( )
−2𝑥 5𝑦 + 2

−4 −1 𝑎 −𝑏
(v) Q – 2R = ( ) – 2( )
8 9 −2𝑥 5𝑦

−4 −1 2× 𝑎 2 × −𝑏
= ( )– ( )
8 9 2 × −2𝑥 2 × 5𝑦

−4 −1 2𝑎 −2𝑏
= ( )–( )
8 9 −4𝑥 10𝑦

−4 − 2𝑎 −1 − −2𝑏
= ( )
8 − 4𝑥 9 − 10𝑦

−4 − 2𝑎 −1 + 2𝑏
= ( )
8 − 4𝑥 9 − 10𝑦
ACTIVITY

7 0 10 −5 3𝑒 −4𝑚
Given that G = ( ), T= ( ) and Q = ( ),
−1 4 −6 3 −6𝑘 2𝑝

Calculate (i) T – G (ii) G + 2T (iii) 4G – T (iv) Q + T (v) G – 3Q

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