Teacher.

Touiss Dina

Type of
Direct speech Indirect speech The rule
sentences
 “I am an environmental activist on climate  Greta says that she is an environmental
change,” Greta Thunberg says. activist on climate change. Subject+ reporting
 "Reading will save nations drowning in illiteracy Statements  Meryem Amjoun states that reading will verb+ that+ sentence
and poverty,” Meryem Amjoun states. save nations drowning in illiteracy and
poverty.
 “What is citizenship?”, Jane asks her teacher.  Jane asks her teacher what citizenship is. Wh- questions
 “Where do you live?”, Adam asks Dorian.  Adam asks Dorian where he lives. Subject+ reporting
verb+ wh- word+
Questions sentence
 “Do you like watching movies?”, Sara asks John.  Sara asks John if he likes watching Yes/ No questions
 “Are you a student?”, Brahim asks me. movies. If/ whether+ sentence
 Brahim asks me whether I am a student.
 “Do your homework,” my father often tells me. Commands  My father often tells me to do my
homework.
 “Don’t open the door,” Sara orders me.
 Sara orders me not to open the door.

 “You should learn English,” My teacher often Advice  My teacher often advises me to learn affirmative
advises me. English. → to + infinitive
 “You should not drink too much coffee,” my  My doctor always advises me not to negative
doctor always advises me. drink too much coffee. → not to + infinitive

 “Could you please lend me your dictionary?” Requests  She asked me to lend her my dictionary.
She asked me.
 “I will buy you a new car,” My father promised. Promises  My father promised to buy me a new car.

Tense changes Direct speech Indirect speech

Simple present Simple past “I never eat meat,” Fatima Ezzehra said. Fatima Ezzehra said that she never ate meat.
Present continuous Past “I am reading a book now,” Mouad said. Mouad said that he was reading a book then.
continuous
Present perfect Past perfect “We have not watched the film yet,” they told us. They told us that they had not watched the film yet.
Simple past Past perfect “My family bought a new house yesterday,” Hassan told me that his family had bought a new
Hassan told me. house the day before.
Past continuous Past perfect “Your kids were making a lot of noise yesterday,” He told them that their kids had been making lots
Continuous he told them. of noise.
Past perfect Past perfect “I had already read this novel,” she told Ted. She told Ted that she had already read that novel.
Simple future: will would “I will watch these movies tomorrow,” he told her. He told her that he would watch those movies the
following day.
Must had to “I must read this book,” he said. He said that he had to read that book.
Have to had to “I have to study hard so that I can have a good job William said that he had to study hard so that he
in the future,” William said. could have a good job in the future.
modals

Can could “We can speak Chinese fluently,” they said. They said that they could speak Chinese fluently.
May might “I may go to Paris today,” she said. She said that she might go to Paris that day.
Should* “You should be active citizens in your They told us that we should be active citizens in our
communities,” they told us. communities.
Might* “I might attend the meeting,” Maria said. Maria said that she might attend the meeting.

PRONOUNS
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
today that day next year the following year I he / she
now then tomorrow the next day / the following day you (subject pronoun) I / we
you (object pronouns me/ us
yesterday the day before here there
my his / her
ago before this that we they
last week the week before these those our their
me him / her

TENSES THE FORM EXAMPLES TIME EXPRESSIONS

Present Simple Subject + verb+ {-s} She always reads books. always, often, sometimes, rarely, every day,
every week
Present Continuous Subject + am/ is/ are verb+ { -ing} She is reading a book right now. now, right now, at the moment
Present Perfect Simple Subject + has/ have+ Past Participle She has already read this book. already, just, yet, so far, since, for
Past Simple Subject + verb+ { -ed} I played tennis with my friends yesterday. yesterday, last week, last year, 5 days ago
Past Continuous Subject + was/ were + verb+ {-ing} I was playing tennis with my friends last week. yesterday, last week, last year
Past Perfect Simple Subject + had+ Past Partisciple I had already played tennis with my friends. already, before, after
Future Simple Subject + will + bare infinitive He will learn English next year. tomorrow, next week, next year
Future Continuous Subject + will be + verb+ { -ing} He will be learning English next year. tomorrow, next week, next year
Furture Perfect Simple Subject + will have+ Past Participle He will have learned English by the end of 2023. by the end of ., by friday, in two years’ time